Isotypic analysis of maternally transmitted Plasmodium falciparum-specific antibodies in Cameroon, and relationship with risk of P. falciparum infection

In malaria-endemic areas, infants are relatively protected against malaria infection. Such protection is though to be related principally to the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies. We measured total and Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgG (including subclasses), IgM, and IgE antibodies in 154 paired maternal-cord serum samples from an area of meso- to hyperendemic malaria in South Cameroon. Among peripheral mother blood samples, total IgG and IgM were detected in all samples, IgE in all but two. Plasmodium falciparum-specific IgG were detected in all serum samples, IgM and IgE in < 75% of samples. The prevalence rates of anti-P. falciparum IgG subclasses varied from 75% to 97%. With the exception of P. falciparum-sptcifxc IgG, all antibody class and subclass levels were lower in cord blood than in peripheral mother blood. Plasmodium falciparum-spccific IgGl and IgG3 isotypes were transferred to the offspring more often and more efficiently than IgG2 and IgG4. The detection of total and P. falciparum-specific IgM and IgE in some cord serum samples demonstrated that fetuses can mount humoral response against malaria parasites. We also determined whether transplacentally acquired antibodies protect against malaria infection by relating the antibody levels at birth to the risk of acquiring P. falciparum infection during the first 6 months of life. Among various classes and subclasses of P. falciparum-spccific antibodies, only IgG2 were related to a decrease in the risk of acquiring a P. falciparum peripheral blood infection from birth to 6 months of age.     

胃癌组织中错配修复基因hMSH2 mRNA的表达

目的 :研究hMSH2mRNA在胃癌、癌旁及正常胃粘膜组织中的表达。方法 :应用原位杂交技术 ,检测了2 7例胃癌、10例癌旁组织和 19例正常胃粘膜组织中hMSH2mRNA的表达。计数阳性细胞数。结果 :胃癌、癌旁组织与正常胃粘膜组织hMSH2mRNA原位杂交阳性率分别为 74 1% ,6 0 0 % ,6 8 4%。胃癌杂交阳性细胞数 (42 1±2 5 9) ,较癌旁 (99 7± 16 8)与正常组织 (175 8± 2 6 4)显著减少 (P <0 0 1) ;不同临床分期胃癌组织间阳性细胞数差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :DNA错配修复基因hMSH2mRNA低表达可能导致基因组不稳定性进而诱发肿瘤     

Arg485Lys polymorphism of factor Ⅴ increases the risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population

Objective To explore the relationship between genetic variation in coagulation factor Ⅴ a nd the occurrence of coronary arterial disease (CAD). Methods Unrelated 86 patients with CAD and 102 healthy controls were analyzed by polymer ase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) to detec t variations in the entire twenty-five exons of the factor Ⅴ gene.Results Polymorphisms in exon 4 ［642 G→T (Ser156)］, exon 10 ［1628 G→A (Arg485Lys)］ , exon 13 ［4070 A→G (His1299Arg)］ and exon 16 ［5380 G→A (Val1736Met)］ were documented.The study also identified a novel polymorphism in exon 2 (327 A→G ) which did not result in amino acid residue substitution.The Leiden mutation (Arg506Gln) was not detected in any of our 188 subjects.Among the 5 polymorphi sms, the allele frequency of 1628 G→A was significantly different between CAD p atients and controls (0.69 vs 0.81, x(2) =6.908, P&lt;0.01).This is the f irst report of this finding in a Chinese population.Conclusion 1628 G→A polymorphism is associated with CAD and it may be a risk factor for CA D morbidity in the Chinese population.     

膜肺在小儿先天性心脏病体外转流中的应用

目的：引进国产膜肺在小儿先天性心脏病直视手术体外循环转流中应用技术。方法：将膜肺应用技术用于42例患儿。结果：42例患儿全部获得成功。体外转流中预充量小,气体交换良好,血气正常。术后无肺（PumpLung)等组织器官的并发症。提示：该技术提高了小儿,特别是婴幼儿先天性心脏病直视手术成活率,对减轻病人经济负担也有着重要作用。     

鸦胆子苦醇通过Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导细胞铁死亡抑制胃癌细胞HGC-27增殖

目的 观察鸦胆子苦醇对人胃癌HGC-27细胞增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法 采用细胞增殖与活性检测法（CCK-8）检测不同浓度鸦胆子苦醇对HGC-27细胞增殖的影响;鸦胆子苦醇（7.5、15、30 μmol·L^-1）作用于HGC-27细胞24 h,分析细胞克隆形成情况;活性氧荧光探针（DCFH-DA）检测细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平,脂质过氧化荧光探针（C11-BODIPY）检测细胞内脂质过氧化水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（Real-time PCR）和蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）分别检测胱氨酸/谷氨酸逆向转运蛋白溶质载体家族7成员11（SLC7A11）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）、胱氨酸/谷氨酸逆向转运蛋白溶质载体家族40成员1（SLC40A1）、转铁蛋白（TRF）、核因子E₂相关因子2（Nrf2）、血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1） mRNA水平和蛋白表达情况。结果 与空白组比较,随鸦胆子苦醇药物浓度增大,HGC-27细胞存活率逐渐降低,其半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）为15.34 μmol·L^-1;鸦胆子苦醇组（7.5、15、30 μmol·L^-1）细胞克隆形成明显减少（P<0.05,P<0.01）,呈现浓度依赖性。与空白组比较,鸦胆子苦醇组（7.5、15、30 μmol·L^-1）细胞内ROS,脂质过氧化水平,细胞内铁离子浓度及细胞乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）泄漏均明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）,呈现浓度依赖性。与空白组比较,鸦胆子苦醇组（15、30 μmol·L^-1）SLC7A11、GPX4、SLC40A1的mRNA水平和蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,TRF mRNA水平及蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）,且呈浓度依赖性。与空白组比较,鸦胆子苦醇组（15、30 μmol·L^-1）Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA水平和蛋白表达明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,且呈浓度依赖性。结论 鸦胆子苦醇可能通过抑制Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导铁死亡抑制HGC-27细胞增殖。     

Clinical Application of Surface Mode on Three-dimensional Ultrasonography: A Preliminary Study

In recent years, more and more physicians andsonographers have accepted three--dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) as a beneficial supplement toZDUS and a developing trend of diagnostic ultrasound. Aldng with the rapid.development of relatedcomputer technology and image--processing technolO-gy, 3DUS is now widely applied in more and moreclinical fields and remains as a state--of--art imagingtechnology, and three--dimensional rec.onstruction ofultrasound images has become a widespread option…     

不同来源、不同等级猪苓饮片中总多糖的含量测定

目的:建立猪苓饮片总多糖的含量测定方法,分析不同来源、不同等级猪苓饮片中的总多糖含量,为制定猪苓饮片含量限度及饮片商品等级划分标准提供参考依据。方法:采用高效凝胶色谱法-示差折光-多角度激光检测器联用技术测定猪苓多糖的相对分子质量及其分布情况,选择与总多糖相对分子质量相近的葡聚糖为对照品,采用正交试验和单因素试验优化猪苓总多糖含量测定的前处理条件,采用蒽酮-硫酸显色法,在630 nm处测定13批不同产地猪苓饮片和39批不同等级猪苓饮片中总多糖的含量。结果:含量测定方法学考察的线性关系、稳定性、精密度、重复性及加样回收率结果均符合要求。不同产地猪苓饮片中总多糖的质量分数在0. 87%～1. 39%。不同等级猪苓饮片中总多糖质量分数为一等饮片1. 40%,二等饮片1. 21%,三等饮片1. 03%。结论:建立的含量测定方法灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于猪苓饮片的总多糖含量测定。不同来源的猪苓饮片总多糖含量有一定差异。不同等级猪苓饮片总多糖含量呈现一定的规律性,一等饮片中总多糖含量最高,二等饮片总多糖含量次之,三等饮片总多糖含量最低,对于制定猪苓饮片含量限度及饮片商品等级划分标准具有重要参考价值。     

A Th2-score in the tumor microenvironment as a predictive biomarker of response to Bacillus Calmette Guérin in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma: A retrospective study

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is the gold standard therapy for intermediate/high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, the response rate is ~60%, and 50% of non-responders will progress to muscle-invasive disease. BCG induces massive local infiltration of inflammatory cells (Th1) and ultimately cytotoxic tumor elimination. We searched for predictive biomarker of BCG response by analyzing tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pre-treatment biopsies. Pre-treatment biopsies from patients with NMIBC who received adequate intravesical instillation of BCG (n = 32) were evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry. TME polarization was assessed by quantifying the T-Bet+ (Th1) and GATA-3+ (Th2) lymphocyte ratio (G/T), and the density and degranulation of EPX+ eosinophils. In addition, PD-1/ PD-L1 staining was quantified. The results correlated with BCG response. In most non-responders, Th1/Th2 markers were compared in pre-and post-BCG biopsies. ORR was 65.6% in the study population. BCG responders had a higher G/T ratio and a greater number of degranulated EPX+ cells. Variables combined into a Th2-score showed a significant association with higher scores in responders (p = 0.027). A Th2-score cut-off value >48.1 allowed discrimination of responders with 91% sensitivity but lower specificity. Relapse-free survival was significantly associated with the Th2-score (p = 0.007). In post-BCG biopsies from recurring patients, TILs increased Th2-polarization, probably reflecting BCG failure to induce a pro-inflammatory status and, thus, a lack of response. PD-L1/PD-1 expression was not associated with the response to BCG. Our results support the hypothesis that a preexisting Th2-polarized TME predicts a better response to BCG, assuming a reversion to Th1 polarization and antitumor activity.