SD大鼠脏器重量及脏器系数正常参考值研究

农药安全性评价中,脏器重量及脏器系数是亚慢性毒性试验中检测受试物毒作用的重要指标.我们分析了2年多来11批亚慢性试验（90 d）中阴性对照组264只SD大鼠（雌雄各半）的体重和脏器重量的测定结果,求出脏器重量及脏器系数的正常参考值,供安全性评价时参考.     

降低高风险住院患者跌倒中重度伤害率

跌倒管理是医院医疗安全不良事件管理的重点,也是国际、国内患者安全目标的重要内容。跌倒防范需要多部门通力协作,适合通过品管圈手法改善。组建品管圈圈组,回顾性分析跌倒病例,对高风险住院患者跌倒中重度伤害的高危因素进行解析,借助智慧医疗、多科协作、文化建设等进行改进。这使得高风险住院患者跌倒中重度伤害率由33.33%降低至9.09%,建立了良好的跌倒安全文化,更好地确保了患者安全。     

Primary chemotherapy and adjuvant tumor debulking in the management of advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer

The aim of this article was to review the experience with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval surgical debulking in patients with metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer. A retrospective chart review was carried out to identify patients treated with neoadjuvant platinum/Taxol chemotherapy and interval debulking. Cox regression modeling was used to identify significant predictors of progression-free interval. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival statistic for the study group. Sixty-one patients were identified after being treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgeries. All surgeries were performed after three cycles of platinum/Taxol combination chemotherapy. Eighty percent of patients had a residual disease status of 2 cm or less after surgery. Suboptimal debulking was statistically associated with tumor involvement of the upper abdominal organs (P < 0.001) and non-normalization of CA125 before surgery (P= 0.03). The perioperative complication rate was 7%. At a mean follow-up time of 19 months, 77% of patients were still alive. Cox regression modeling identified the microscopic tumor residual status as the only significant predictor of progression-free interval. The estimated median survival for the group was 41.70 months (95% confidence interval = 13.84-69.56 months). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with interval debulking surgery appeared to be safe and feasible in patients with metastatic epithelial ovarian carcinoma.     

Molecular evolution caught in action: gene duplication and evolution of molecular isoforms of prothrombin activators in Pseudonaja textilis (brown snake)

BACKGROUND: The evolution of structurally and functionally similar proteins with highly diverse physiological roles within a single organism is of great interest. Australian elapid snakes offer an excellent opportunity to study the molecular evolution of prothrombin activators. Venom from Pseudonaja textilis contains pseutarin C, a group C prothrombin activator. Its enzymatic subunit is structurally and functionally similar to mammalian factor (F) Xa, whereas its non-enzymatic subunit is similar to FVa. As vertebrates, the snakes also contain a system to activate prothrombin in their own blood during injury. These hemostatic factors are produced in the liver. RESULTS: Here we describe the presence of two molecular forms of FX expressed in the liver of P. textilis. Both isoforms have molecular signatures and domain architecture of FX. However, one isoform shows approximately 94% sequence identity with the snake FX from Tropidechis carinatus, whereas the other is much closer (90% identity) to the catalytic subunit of pseutarin C (PCCS). Real-time polymerase chain reaction reveals that the latter isoform is expressed approximately 56 000 times lower in the liver of P. textilis. However, the isoforms are not expressed in the venom gland. CONCLUSION: A detailed analysis of deletions and insertions along with the sequence indicates that the second isoform is an intermediate caught in the evolution of venom prothrombin activator from the blood coagulation FX. Thus, this isoform represents a 'molecular fossil' and reveals the likely evolutionary path of recruitment of FX in the venom gland.     

乙肝病毒大蛋白与HBeAg、HBV-DNA相关性的临床意义

目的 探讨HBV感染者血清中乙肝病毒大蛋白与HBeAg、HBV-DNA的相关性及其检测意义。方法 对162例HBV感染者及47名正常对照血清采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测乙肝病毒大蛋白、乙型肝炎病毒标志物；FQ-PCR定量检测HBV-DNA。结果 162例HBV感染者血清中，HBV-LP含量与HBV-DNA拷贝数间具有良好的正相关性（γs=0．6357，P〈0．001），不同HBV-DNA拷贝数组别间HBV-LP含量存在差异显著性俨〈0．01）；HBV-LP与HBV-DNA、HBeAg之间均关联显著护〈0．01）。HBV-LP与HBV-DNA、HBeAg之间存在差异显著性（P〈0．05）；HBV-LP的总检出率为84．57％，较HBV-DNA、HBeAg均高。HBeAg阳性组与阴性组之间HBV-LP、HBV-DNA均存在差异显著性俨〈0．05）；HBeAgm性组中HBV-LP与HBV-DNA间无差异显著性p〉0．05），检测的总符合率为96．83％；HBeAg阴性组中HBV-LP与HBV-DNA间均存在差异显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 HBV-LP是判断HBV感染者体内病毒复制程度的可靠指标．是反映血清HBeAg阴性的HBV感染者体内病毒复制情况的更为敏感的新的监测指标。     

p38 MAPK抑制剂对脓毒症大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨脓毒症肝损害的原因及p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)抑制剂的保护作用.方法采用盲肠结扎并穿刺 (CLP)来制作脓毒症模型.在不同时相点观察大鼠肝功能[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)]、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)浓度.结果 CLP术后血清TNF-α、IL-1β进行性升高,ALT也显著升高.血清ALT、TNF-α、IL-1β呈显著正相关.应用p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580后,血清TNF-α、IL-1浓度显著降低,同时血ALT减低.结论 TNF-α、IL-1的大量释放是脓毒症肝损害的原因之一,通过调控p38MAPK信号通路可对脓毒症鼠肝损害起保护作用.     

凝血、纤溶和抗凝指标在慢性乙型肝炎病情进展中的变化规律

目的探讨凝血、纤溶和抗凝指标在慢性乙型肝炎病情进展中的变化规律。方法收集2017年9月至2018年12月于该院确诊的乙型肝炎患者164例,根据病情分为慢性乙型肝炎组(66例)、肝硬化组(51例)、肝癌组(21例)、肝衰竭组(26例),同时选取50例健康体检者作为健康对照组。分别检测所有研究对象的凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)和抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)水平。结果与健康对照组比较,慢性乙型肝炎组PT、APTT、TT、FIB差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与健康对照组、慢性乙型肝炎组比较,肝硬化组、肝衰竭组PT、APTT及TT水平升高,而FIB水平显著下降(P<0.05),肝癌组PT、APTT、FIB均显著升高(P<0.05)。除肝癌组外,D-D及FDP水平随着病情的进展逐渐升高(P<0.05),AT-Ⅲ水平随着病情的进展逐渐下降(P<0.05)。结论随着慢性乙型肝炎病情的进展,凝血、纤溶和抗凝指标发生变化,有效监测这些指标对了解肝脏疾病进展、治疗和预后判断有着重要的临床意义。     

P2RY8-CRLF2重排的急性淋巴细胞白血病儿童的临床特征及预后分析

目的:探讨P2RY8-CRLF2重排急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)儿童的临床特征及预后.方法:2016年1-12月确诊并按照中国儿童白血病协作组(CCLG)-ALL 2008(CCGL-ALL 2008)方案规范治疗的108例B细胞型ALL(B-ALL)患儿,根据有无P2RY8-CRLF2重排分为P2RY8-CRLF2重...     

PDCA护理模式预防中心静脉导管相关血流感染的应用效果

目的探究PDCA护理模式预防中心静脉导管相关血流感染(catheter related bloodstream infection,CRBSI)的临床效果。方法选取急诊重症监护病房2014年9月-2015年9月收治的360例留置中心静脉导管的患者,将其随机分为对照组180例(采用常规护理模式)以及观察组180例(采用PDCA护理模式)。比较2组患者导管相关血流感染情况、住院天数、住院费用以及患者满意度。结果对照组发生导管相关血流感染5例,共检出4种病原菌,而观察组发生血流感染2例,共检出2种病原菌。观察组导管相关血流感染率低于对照组。观察组患者的住院天数和住院费用低于对照组,满意度明显高于对照组。结论 PDCA护理模式可有效规避护理风险,提高护理人员的依从性,改变患者的不良行为,从而降低相关血流感染的发生率,进一步提高护理工作质量,创建和谐的医患关系。     

脑脊液非螺旋体抗原试验对神经梅毒诊断效率系统评价

目的：评价脑脊液非螺旋体抗原试验对神经梅毒的诊断效率。方法采用 Cochrame 系统评价方法检索电子数据库中公开发表的脑脊液非螺旋体抗原试验（VDRL、RPR、TRUST）的研究文献及参考文献,制订纳入和排除标准,提取被纳入研究文献的数据,采用 MetaDisc1．4分析软件进行统计分析。结果6个研究符合纳入标准被纳入本次系统评价,含神经梅毒 CSF 样品225例,非梅毒患者 CSF 样品1224例。Spearman 相关系数为-0．03（P ＝0．957）,各研究间不存在阈值效应。加权合并功效指标及95％置信区间（CI）分别为：敏感度0．773（0．713～0．826）、特异性0．988（0．980～0．993）、阳性似然比53．5（24．3～118．0）、阴性似然比0．233（0．180～0．296）、诊断优势比229．9（117．3～450．9）、综合受试者工作特征曲线下面积0．981及 Q 指数0．938。按方法分组进行 Meta 回归分析：RDOR＝1．07[95％CI ：0．19～5．96]。结论脑脊液非螺旋体抗原试验对神经梅毒有较高的诊断功效,RPR 和 TRUST 可替代 VDRL 用于脑脊液样品。