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101.
Shelley A. Wiechman Kara McMullen Gretchen J. Carrougher Jame A. Fauerbach Colleen M. Ryan David N. Herndon Radha Holavanahalli Nicole S. Gibran Kimberly Roaten 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(7):1311-1317
Objective
To identify important sources of distress among burn survivors at discharge and 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury, and to examine if the distress related to these sources changed over time.Design
Exploratory.Setting
Outpatient burn clinics in 4 sites across the country.Participants
Participants who met preestablished criteria for having a major burn injury (N=1009) were enrolled in this multisite study.Interventions
Participants were given a previously developed list of 12 sources of distress among burn survivors and asked to rate on a 10-point Likert-type scale (0=no distress to 10=high distress) how much distress each of the 12 issues was causing them at the time of each follow-up.Main Outcomes Measures
The Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey was administered at each time point as a measure of health-related quality of life. The Satisfaction With Appearance Scale was used to understand the relation between sources of distress and body image. Finally, whether a person returned to work was used to determine the effect of sources of distress on returning to employment.Results
It was encouraging that no symptoms were worsening at 2 years. However, financial concerns and long recovery time are 2 of the highest means at all time points. Pain and sleep disturbance had the biggest effect on ability to return to work.Conclusions
These findings can be used to inform burn-specific interventions and to give survivors an understanding of the temporal trajectory for various causes of distress. In particular, it appears that interventions targeted at sleep disturbance and high pain levels can potentially effect distress over financial concerns by allowing a person to return to work more quickly. 相似文献102.
Samuel Mullinax Christen E. Chalmers Jesse Brennan Gary M. Vilke Kimberly Nordstrom Michael P. Wilson 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2018,36(10):1779-1783
Background
Suicide screening scales have been advocated for use in the ED setting. However, it is currently unknown whether patients classified as low-risk on these scales can be safely discharged from the emergency department. This study evaluated the utility of three commonly-used suicide screening tools in the emergency department to predict ED disposition, with special interest in discharge among low-risk patients.Methods
This prospective observational study enrolled a convenience sample of patients who answered “yes” to a triage suicidal ideation question in an urban academic emergency department. Patients were administered the weighted modified SADPERSONS Scale, Suicide Assessment Five-step Evaluation and Triage, and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Patients who subsequently received a psychiatric evaluation were included, and the utility of these screening tools to predict disposition was evaluated.Results
276 subjects completed all three suicide screening tools and were included in data analyses. Eighty-two patients (30%) were admitted or transferred. Three patients (1%) died by suicide within one year of enrollment; one was hospitalized at the end of his or her enrollment visit, dying by suicide seven months later and the other two were discharged, dying by suicide nine and ten months later, respectively. The screening tools exhibited modest negative predictive values (range: 0.66–0.73).Conclusion
Three suicide screening tools displayed modest ability to predict the disposition of patients who presented to an emergency department with suicidal ideation. This study supports the current ACEP clinical policy on psychiatric patients which states that screening tools should not be used in isolation to guide disposition decisions of suicidal patients from the ED. 相似文献103.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate the interrater and intrarater reliability of the Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) Version 4.2 for powered wheelchairs operated by adult users.Materials and methods: Cohort study with a convenience sample of occupational therapists (n?=?10). For the main outcome measure, participants viewed and scored eight videos of adult power wheelchair users completing the 30 skills of the WST Version 4.2 on two occasions, a minimum of two weeks apart. Using these scores, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to estimate interrater and intrarater reliability.Results: The interrater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.940 (95%CI 0.862–0.985). Intrarater reliability intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.923 to 0.998.Conclusions: The WST Version 4.2 has excellent interrater and intrarater reliability and is a reliable tool for use in clinical and research practice to evaluate a power wheelchair user’s skill capacity.
- Implications for Rehabilitation
The Wheelchair Skills Test for Powered Wheelchair Users (WST-P 4.2) is a useful addition to the clinical tools available for clinicians who assess and train for powered wheelchair use.
The WST-P 4.2 has excellent reliability and potential for clinical use as a pre-post measure of powered wheelchair skills.
Clinicians using the WST-P 4.2 should attempt to maintain consistent scoring procedures, particularly for those skills that may require subjective assessment of skill safety.
104.
Ly Thuy Nguyen Kimberly Alexander Patsy Yates 《Journal of pain and symptom management》2018,55(6):1459-1472
Objectives
To assess the feasibility of conducting a trial of a psychoeducational intervention involving the provision of tailored information and coaching to improve management of a cancer-related symptom cluster (fatigue, pain, and sleep disturbance) and reduce symptom cluster impacts on patient health outcomes in the Vietnamese context and to undertake a preliminary evaluation of the intervention.Methods
A parallel-group single-blind pilot quasi-experimental trial was conducted with 102 cancer patients in one Vietnamese hospital. The intervention group received one face-to-face session and two phone sessions delivered by a nurse one week apart, and the comparison group received usual care. Patient outcomes were measured at baseline before the chemotherapy cycle and immediately preceding the next chemotherapy cycle. Separate linear mixed models were used to evaluate the impact of the intervention on total symptom cluster severity, symptom scores, functional status, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life.Results
The study design was feasible with a recruitment rate of 22.6% and attrition rate of 9.8%. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in symptom cluster severity, fatigue severity, fatigue interference, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety. Significant differences were not observed for pain severity, pain interference, functional status, and health-related quality of life. The intervention was acceptable to the study population, with a high attendance rate of 78% and adherence rate of 95.7%.Conclusion
On the basis of the present study findings, future randomized controlled trials are needed to test the effectiveness of a symptom cluster psychoeducational intervention in Vietnam. 相似文献105.
Burgunda V. Sweet Katherine A. Kelley Kristin K. Janke Sarah E. Kuba Kimberly S. Plake Luke D Stanke Gary C. Yee 《American journal of pharmaceutical education》2015,79(6)
Objective. To characterize postgraduation placement plans of 2013 doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) graduates.Methods. A cross-sectional survey of PharmD graduates from 8 midwestern colleges of pharmacy was designed to capture a comprehensive picture of graduating students’ experiences and outcomes of their job search.Results. At graduation, 81% of 2013 respondents had postgraduate plans, with approximately 40% accepting jobs and 40% accepting residencies or fellowships. Eighty-four percent of graduates reported being pleased with offers received, and 86% received placement in their preferred practice setting. Students perceived that securing residencies was more difficult than securing jobs. Students who participated in key activities had a nearly sevenfold increase in successful residency placement.Conclusion. While the demand for pharmacists decreased in recent years, responses indicated successful placement by the majority of 2013 graduates at the time of graduation. 相似文献
106.
Kimberly A. Ludtke Kevin S. Stanley Natalie L. Yount Richard D. Gerkin 《Hospital pharmacy》2015,50(3):208-213
Background:
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be difficult to manage and may lead to an intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients experiencing severe alcohol withdrawal often require high doses of sedatives, which can lead to respiratory depression and the need for endotracheal intubation. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, provides adequate sedation with little effect on respiratory function when compared to other sedatives.Objective:
To evaluate sedation with a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine versus propofol and/or lorazepam in critically ill patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal.Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on ICU admissions between March 2002 and April 2009 for alcohol withdrawal patients who necessitated treatment with a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine, propofol, and/or lorazepam. Primary outcomes included the incidence of mechanical ventilation, length of mechanical ventilation (if applicable), and ICU and hospital length of stay.Results:
Fifteen patients were treated with a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine, and 17 were treated with an infusion of propofol and/or lorazepam. Two patients (13.3%) required intubation and mechanical ventilation in the dexmedetomidine group versus 10 (58.8%) in the propofol and/or lorazepam group (P = .006). Length of stay in the ICU was 53 hours for patients treated with dexmedetomidine versus 114.9 hours in the propofol and/or lorazepam group (P = .016). Hospital length of stay was less for the dexmedetomidine group, 135.8 hours versus 241.1 hours in the propofol and/or lorazepam group (P = .008).Conclusions:
Dexmedetomidine use was associated with a decrease in the incidence of endotracheal intubation when used to sedate patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal. Patients transferred to a lower level of care faster and were discharged from the hospital sooner when treated with dexmedetomidine.Key Words: alcohol, dexmedetomidine, lorazepam, propofol, withdrawalThere are approximately 18.3 million people in the United States dependent on or abusing alcohol and 2.9 million people requiring treatment for problems related to alcohol use.1 The impact of alcohol withdrawal syndrome can be devastating, both physically and neurologically. The syndrome can include headache, anxiety, hallucinations, nausea and vomiting, sweating, seizures, irritability, and the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens. Patients experiencing delirium tremens have a mortality rate of up to 5%.2 The American Society of Addiction Medicine guidelines for the management of alcohol withdrawal delirium recommend sedative-hypnotic drugs, such as benzodiazepines, as the primary agents for managing alcohol withdrawal syndrome.3The goal of alcohol withdrawal treatment is to relieve the patients’ agitation and prevent the further development of more severe symptoms. Some patients may experience symptoms such as increased levels of anxiety, hallucinations, and delirium tremens. In these severe cases, escalating benzodiazepine doses (to include initiation of a continuous infusion) or initiation of another sedative, such as propofol or phenobarbital, becomes necessary to control agitation. The use of sedatives can cause a decrease in respiratory drive, which can lead to patients requiring transfer to a higher level of care with the potential for intubation and mechanical ventilator support.At North Colorado Medical Center (NCMC), patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal are initially treated with benzodiazepines. If escalating doses of benzodiazepines are unable to control agitation and other alcohol withdrawal symptoms, patients are evaluated by the physician for transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU). In the past, the standard of care in the NCMC ICU for patients experiencing severe alcohol withdrawal not controlled by intermittent benzodiazepines was the initiation of a benzodiazepine and/or propofol infusion based on the physician’s assessment and preference. Often these patients required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Recently, however, the sedation of patients experiencing severe alcohol withdrawal is increasingly being managed with dexmedetomidine in the ICU at NCMC.Clonidine has historically been used for treatment and prophylaxis of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.3–9 Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting, relatively selective, alpha2-adrenergic agonist similar to clonidine with sedative and analgesic properties. Dexmedetomidine reduces the stress response, decreases norepinephrine and epinephrine levels, and attenuates increases in heart rate and blood pressure without depressing the respiratory drive.10,11The use of dexmedetomidine has been noted in multiple case reports, case series, and one small randomized controlled trial as a possibly effective agent for the management of alcohol withdrawal.12–19 The case reports and case series primarily reported on safety, reduced benzodiazepine doses, and reduced delirium scores in the use of dexmedetomidine in alcohol withdrawal patients. The one randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial published to date by Mueller et al compared dexmedetomidine to placebo in patients with severe alcohol withdrawal. The primary endpoint was benzodiazepine requirements in the first 24 hours and cumulative dose over the first 7 days of hospitalization. They reported a reduced 24-hour benzodiazepine dose in the dexmedetomidine group and no difference in the 7-day cumulative dose between groups.12One of the main advantages of dexmedetomidine is that it does not cause respiratory depression.11 This is especially important in patients admitted to the ICU for severe alcohol withdrawal. Studies have demonstrated that patients admitted to the ICU with severe alcohol withdrawal have a high rate of intubation, reportedly 22% to 65%.20 Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) can occur in 10% to 20% of patients receiving greater than 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. Patients who contract VAP have increased hospital costs of more than $10,000 per day, increased ICU length of stay by 5 to 7 days, and, in some reports, increased mortality.21 Furthermore, intubation and mechanical ventilation on ICU day 1 has been recognized as a predictor of a longer length of hospital stay.22Assessment and documentation of the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine for treatment of alcohol withdrawal, while growing rapidly, is still lacking in the medical literature. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the incidence and duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of ICU and hospital stay in alcohol withdrawal patients treated with dexmedetomidine, propofol, and/or lorazepam continuous infusions. 相似文献107.
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