烹调油烟致大小鼠肺癌的实验研究

[目的]了解烹调油烟（cooking oil fumes，COF）的动物致癌性。[方法]采用动式染毒法给Balb／c小鼠（雌雄各半）吸入COF浓度为9．09、20．65、38．85mg／m^3，染毒1次／1～2d，30min／次，共150次，计8个月；SD大鼠（雌雄各半）吸入COF浓度为6、88、15．06、35．33mg／m^3，染毒1次／2d，30min／次，共191次，计12．5个月。分别制备COF慢性中毒动物模型；两实验均设空白对照组，吸入与实验组相同温度的清洁空气。[结果]COF诱发Balb／c小鼠实验组肺癌总发生率为18、95％（29／153），低、中、高浓度组肺癌发生率分别为15．09％、20、00％和22．00％，与对照组差异均有显著性。但低、中、高三组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）；COF诱发SD大鼠肺癌总发生率为9、10％（9／99），低、中、高浓度组肺癌发生率分别为6．45％、8．57％、12．12％，高浓度组肺癌发生率高于对照组（P〈0．05）。各性别组间肺癌发生率的差别无显著性（P〉0．05）。[结论]COF可以诱导Balb／c小鼠和SD大鼠肺癌，诱发的肺癌主要为肺腺癌（小鼠28／29，大鼠7／9），余为小细胞肺癌。     

善存片联合健脾理气中药预防肿瘤患者化疗所致口腔溃疡的临床观察

目的观察在全身化疗前应用善存片联合健脾理气中药对肿瘤患者口腔溃疡的预防作用。方法将66例肿瘤患者随机分配为治疗组和对照组，每组33例。在全身静脉化疗前3天开始，治疗组每天口服善存片1片及健脾理气中药1剂，对照组服用维生素B：治疗，两组服药化疗后10天为1个疗程。每周期化疗结束后统计口腔溃疡的发生率，共4周期。结果治疗组口腔溃疡的发生率显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论善存片联合健脾理气中药可有效预防及治疗肿瘤患者化疗所致的口腔溃疡。     

The effect of optical design on micromanipulator spot size using CO2 laser irradiation

Objective: The study goal was to compare the laser spot size created using reflective and refractive micromanipulators with a CO₂ laser and to determine the sensitivity of spot size to laser power. Study Design and Setting: A CO₂ laser and operating microscope (400-mm focal length) was coupled to either a reflective (Cassegrain-like) or refractive micromanipulator. Laser spot size was determined by measuring the region of ablation created by laser irradiation of wood (dry tongue depressors), exposed photographic film, and agar gel using optical micrometry. Laser power varied from 0.5 to 20 W with pulse durations of 0.1 and 0.5 second. Results: The reflective micromanipulator demonstrated overall smaller spot sizes for a given laser power and lower incremental change in spot size with increasing power. The reflective design demonstrated less sensitivity to increases in laser power. Conclusions: Micromanipulator optical design can result in significant differences in laser spot size. The reflective device used in this study demonstrated less sensitivity to increasing laser power. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;126:593-597.)     

成人成骨细胞与珊瑚羟基磷灰石的体外生物相容性

目的：研究成人骨髓成骨细胞与珊瑚羟基磷灰石（carolline hydroxyapatite,CHA)在体外培养条件下的生物相容性。方法：抽取健康成人骨髓组织，置于含体积分数为10％胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养，传代后改用含地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠和维生素C的条件培养基培养，分为CHA复合细胞组和单纯细胞组，不同时间用倒置相关显微镜，HE染色光镜及扫描电镜观察，MTT法进行细胞增殖测定，并进行细胞微量蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶的定量检测，结果：成人骨髓成骨细胞体外培养时复合或不复合CHA均生长良好，表现出典型成骨细胞的形态特征和生物学特性，CHA利于细胞的贴附，生长与增殖，并对细胞的功能无不良影响，结论：CHA是较理想的骨组织工程支架材料，成骨细胞复合CHA用于骨缺损的修复，具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期小肾癌21例临床分析

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients. CONCLUSION: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney.     

赤芍总苷对沙土鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of the total paeony glycoside (TPG) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils. METHODS: Gerbils models of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were prepared by bilateral common carotid artery ligation for 12 min followed by 24-hour reperfusion. The effects of TGP on brain edema index, superoxide dismatase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration of the cerebral tissue homogenate and pathology of the brain were examined 24 h after model establishment. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, TPG at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg could significantly relieve brain edema, enhance SOD activity and lower MDA concentration in the gerbils. Pathological examination showed that the gerbils with TPG treatment had milder injury of the cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSIONS: TPG has obvious protective effects against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的探讨

目的总结和探讨脑血管造影和载瘤动脉闭塞在治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤上的作用及特点。方法60例颅内巨大动脉瘤患者,根据其脑血管造影的特点采取血管内介入方法[可脱式球囊和(或)弹簧圈]闭塞载瘤动脉近端53例、闭塞载瘤动脉两端后孤立动脉瘤7例;其中23例闭塞前先行颅内-外血管搭桥术。结果出院时Rankin评分分级:单纯血管内介入治疗组37例中轻残3例,合并颅内-外血管搭桥术组23例中死亡1例、重残2例。1-6年的影像学随访动脉瘤无复发。结论血管内介入结合颅内-外血管搭桥术闭塞载瘤动脉是治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的方法之一。     

Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia from lesions at different levels in the brainstem.

Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) is a rarely reported syndrome. There is dispute about whether WEBINO is caused by a pontine or a midbrain lesion and whether the medial rectus subnuclei are implicated. In a study of the clinical and imaging features of four patients with WEBINO, we found that that three of four lesions involved the midbrain but not necessarily the medial rectus subnuclei.     

糖尿病患者腹部手术后消化道功能的观察

目的了解糖尿病患者腹部手术后消化道功能恢复情况,为临床进行有针对性的护理提供依据.方法对72例糖尿病患者腹部手术后消化道功能恢复情况进行观察,并随机抽取70例非糖尿病腹部手术患者作对照.结果在肠鸣音恢复及肛门排气时间、进流质饮食后食欲状况、恶心呕吐、腹胀发生情况5个方面进行比较,两组消化道功能恢复差异明显(P均＜0.01).结论糖尿病患者腹部手术后消化道功能恢复延迟,临床护理中应予重视.     

协同学——中医药科学性的理论基础

通过深入分析我国中医药科学性研究中所存在的问题，依据协同学理论，提出了中医药科学性的理论基础是协同学的观点。基于此，阐释了中医药科学性的协同学解释，这在一定意义上为中医药科学性的研究提供了新的视角和有益的启示。