针刺治疗小儿脑性瘫痪运动功能障碍的疗效观察

目的:探讨CMFM量表在针刺治疗小儿脑性瘫痪康复评估中的价值.方法:采用以穴位注射为主治疗了39例脑瘫患儿,并采用GMFM量表对针刺治疗前后的运动功能动态改变以评分法进行评估.结果:经过3个疗程的治疗GMFM总百分比值从治疗前的26.8±20.5治疗后上升到36.0±22.4,P＜0.0001.结论:GMFM量表对粗大运动的评估能较客观的反映了运动功能改善的状况,可作为针灸治疗脑瘫患儿运动功能障碍疗效的评价指标.     

电针太阳穴治疗椎基底动脉供血不足临床观察

方法:将70例符合椎基底动脉供血不足诊断标准的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各35例,治疗2周后,分别对眩晕的主观评定和眩晕症状量表进行观察.结果:治疗组有效率77.14%,对照组51.43%,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01);疗后眩晕的主观评定和眩晕症状量表评分,治疗组均优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:电针太阳穴是治疗椎基底动脉供血不足的有效方法.     

A novel effect of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, on the production of reactive oxygen species by microglia: a study by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Microglia as the first line of defensive cells in the brain produce free radicals including superoxide and nitric oxide (NO), contributing to neurodegeneration. An opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, has been considered pharmacologically beneficial to endotoxin shock, experimental cerebral ischemia, and spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of naloxone are still not clear. This study explores the effects of naloxone on the production of superoxide and NO by the murine microglial cell line, BV2, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The production of superoxide triggered by phobol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) resulted in superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable, catalase-uninhibitable 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) hydroxyl radical adduct formation. LPS enhanced the production of superoxide and triggered the formation of non-heme iron-nitrosyl complex. Cells pre-treated with naloxone showed significant reduction of superoxide production by 35%. However, it could not significantly reduce the formation of non-heme iron-nitrosyl complex and nitrite. Taken together, the results expand our understanding of the neuroprotective effects of naloxone as it decreases superoxide production by microglia.     

Simultaneous intrastriatal and intranigral dopaminergic grafts in the parkinsonian rat model: role of the intranigral graft

The current transplantation strategy in experimental and clinical Parkinson's disease (PD) has been to place nigral dopaminergic grafts not in their ontogenic site (substantia nigra) but in their target area (striatum). Although intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts are capable of reinnervating the striatum, they fail to reinnervate the nigra, which may be an important factor limiting the efficacy of fetal tissue transplantation in parkinsonian patients. We have previously shown that simultaneous intrastriatal and intranigral dopaminergic grafts (double grafts) may provide a more complete restoration of the nigrostriatal circuitry (Mendez et al. [1996] J Neurosci 16:7216-7227; Mendez and Hong [1997] Brain Res 778:194-205). In the present study, we investigated the contribution of the intranigral graft to functional recovery in double-grafted hemiparkinsonian rats. Twenty Wistar rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway were divided into two groups and received either double grafts (n = 10) or intrastriatal grafts alone (n = 10). Following transplantation, both intrastriatally and double-grafted animals had a significant decrease in rotational behavior. However, only animals with double grafts exhibited a significant increase in contralateral adjusting step performance. The intranigral graft was subsequently lesioned by a second 6-OHDA injection. Following the second lesion, animals with double grafts exhibited a significant reversal of rotational behavior and a 51% reduction in contralateral adjusting step performance. The reversal in functional recovery correlated with a significant loss of intranigral grafted neurons. These results suggest that the intranigral graft has an important role in the functional recovery of double-grafted animals. Restoration of dopaminergic innervation to both the nigra and the striatum may be crucial for optimizing graft efficacy and may be a superior strategy in neural transplantation for PD.     

Airway Reactivity to Bronchoconstrictor and Bronchodilator: Assessment Using Thin-Section and Volumetric Three-Dimensional CT

Objective

To determine the extent to which thin-section and volumetric three-dimensional CT can depict airway reactivity to bronchostimulator, and to assess the effect of different airway sizes on the degree of reactivity.

Materials and Methods

In eight dogs, thin-section CT scans were obtained before and after the administration of methacholine and ventolin. Cross-sectional areas of bronchi at multiple levels, as shown by axial CT, proximal airway volume as revealed by three-dimensional imaging, and peak airway pressure were measured. The significance of airway change induced by methacholine and ventolin, expressed by percentage changes in cross-sectional area, proximal airway volume, and peak airway pressure was statistically evaluated, as was correlation between the degree of airway reactivity and the area of airways.

Results

Cross-sectional areas of the bronchi decreased significantly after the administration of methacholine, and scans obtained after a delay of 5 minutes showed that normalization was insufficient. Ventolin induced a significant increase in cross-sectional areas and an increase in proximal airway volume, while the effect of methacholine on the latter was the opposite. Peak airway pressure increased after the administration of methacholine, and after a 5-minute delay its level was near that of the control state. Ventolin, however, induced no significant decrease. The degree of airway reactivity did not correlate with airway size.

Conclusion

Thin-section and volumetric spiral CT with three-dimensional reconstruction can demonstrate airway reactivity to bronchostimulator. The degree of reactivity did not correlate with airway size.     

使用多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片诊断系统检测肺癌的临床意义

目的 研究多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片诊断系统用于肺癌的临床诊断价值。方法 用多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片诊断系统测定分析131例肺癌患者，20例肺良性疾病患者和177例正常对照人群血清的12种常见的肿瘤标志物：CA19-9、NSE、CEA、CA242、Fe、Beta-HCG、AFP、f-PSA、PSA、CA125、HGH、CA153。结果 131例肺癌患者有93例血清肿瘤标志物为阳性，阳性率为71．0％；20例肺良性疾病患者有2例血清肿瘤标志物阳性，阳性率为10．0％；177例正常对照血清中没发现阳性。结论 多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片诊断系统的应用对肺癌诊断有较高的临床参考价值。     

硒对碘过量小鼠肝脏I型脱碘酶活性的影响

目的　研究碘过量摄入对小鼠肝脏I型脱碘酶 (IDI)活性的影响及硒的干预作用。方法　将 4 0只Balb c小鼠按体重随机分为 5组 :正常对照组、碘过量I组 (3mg L)、碘过量I+Se(1mg L)组、碘过量II组 (5mg L)以及碘过量II+Se(1mg L)组 ,分别喂饲碘过量水或碘过量 +硒水以及正常鼠饲料。 3个月后 ,取血、尿及脏器测定相关指标。结果　碘过量组小鼠出现了弥漫胶质性甲状腺肿 ;与正常对照组相比 ,两个碘过量的血清TT4水平显著升高 ,而碘过量II组血清TT3水平显著降低 ;碘可显著降低肝硒水平及I型脱碘酶活性 ,补硒可明显增加碘过量小鼠的肝硒储备 ,抑制碘过量I组脱碘酶活性的降低。结论　碘过量摄入降低小鼠肝硒水平及肝脏I型脱碘酶活性 ,可能是引起血清TT4升高、出现甲状腺肿的原因 ,补硒具有一定的干预作用。     

上海市闵行区中小学生肥胖患病率调查

[目的 ]　了解上海市闵行区中小学生肥胖和超重患病率情况 ,为预防儿童肥胖制订防制策略及措施提供基础资料。　 [方法 ]　普查区内共 40 3 10名中小学学生的身高体重。采用体重指数 (BMI)和身高别体重法同时评价调查对象的肥胖患病率。　 [结果 ]　研究人群平均年龄 ( 12 .5 9± 3 .0 7)岁 ,总体BMI为 18.63± 3 .3 1,其中男性BMI高于女性。以BMI法为评价标准总体肥胖患病率为 2 .76%,超重患病率为 11.5 7%;以身高别体重法为参考标准则肥胖的患病率为 6.17%,超重的患病率为 6.76%,两种评价方法的总体患病率差异有极显著性。肥胖和超重患病率总体上呈现男高女低 ,并随年龄增加而逐渐减低。　 [结论 ]　闵行区中小学生的肥胖总体患病率呈现随年龄的增高而逐渐降低趋势。中小学生超重比例较高 ,应及早制订防制策略及措施 ,减少肥胖发生     

失血性休克综合实验改革的探索

目的:为了探索如何在一次教学实验中将生理学、病理生理学和药理学三个机能学科的实验有机地结合起来,形成 综合性实验以培养学生的综合思维和实验研究能力.方法:在病理生理学的失血性休克实验的基础上,增加了血压 的生理调节和休克后药物治疗,并且采用计算机辅助教学.结果:学生学习兴趣明显提高,不仅学到了更多的研究 方法,而且综合分析和科研创新能力都有明显提高.结论:这种改革明显提高了实验课的教学水平和教学质量.