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Ramin Heshmat Mostafa Qorbani Nafiseh Mozaffarian Shirin Djalalinia Ali Sheidaei Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh Saeid Safiri Kimia Gohari Asal Ataie-Jafari Gelayol Ardalan Hamid Asayesh Morteza Mansourian Roya Kelishadi 《World journal of pediatrics : WJP》2018,14(1):66-76
Background
This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality and determinants of screen time (ST) frequency in Iranian children and adolescents.Methods
This nationwide study was conducted as part of a national school-based surveillance program among 36,486 students consisting of 50.79% boys and 74.23% urban inhabitants, aged 6–18 years, living in urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Socioeconomic inequality in ST, including the time spent for ST, watching TV and leisure-time working with computer, was assessed across quintiles of SES using concentration index (C) and slope index of inequality (SII).Results
Overall, 36,486 students completed the study (response rate 91.25%). Their mean (SD) age was 12.14 (3.36) years. The national estimation of frequency of ST was 31.66% (95% CI 31.16–32.17) with ascending change from 20.80% (95% CI 19.81–21.82) to 36.66% (95% CI 35.47–37.87) from the first to the last quintal of SES. Estimated C value at national level was positive (0.08), which indicate inequality was in favor of low SES groups. Considering the SII values, at national level [? 0.16 (? 0.39, 0.06)], the absolute difference in ST frequency between the bottom and top of the socioeconomic groups had descending trends. In multivariate logistic regression model, family history of obesity, generalized obesity and age were the main significant determinants of prolonged ST, watching TV, and computer working (P < 0.001).Conclusions
Socioeconomic inequality in ST frequency was in favor of low SES groups. These findings are useful for health policies, better programming and future complementary analyses.23.
24.
Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors are highly prevalent in Iran. It is well documented that atherosclerosis
starts in childhood and there is evidence that this association with adult levels may originate at birth, so assessment of
serum lipid levels in neonates might be of importance. In this study we aimed to measure serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein
levels in a representative sample of Iranian newborns. Cord blood lipid profile, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein
a (LPa) were analyzed in 378 full-term, Iranian newborns. The mean values of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and Lpa in girls were 81.4 ± 28.3,
35.9 ± 22.4, 31.1 ± 9.9, 87.9 ± 20.2, 34.2 ± 18.2, and 21.0 ± 2.8 mg/dL, respectively; these values in boys were 75.2 ± 21.1,
32.1 ± 16.3, 28.8 ± 8.7, 84.3 ± 16.0, 32.6 ± 14.2, and 19.5 ± 2.7 mg/dL, respectively. Median values of triglycerides (TGs)
in boys and girls were 61 and 62 mg/dL, respectively. Female neonates had significantly higher concentrations of TC and HDL-C
than males (81.4 ± 28.3 vs. 75.2 ± 21.1, p = 0.02, and 31.18 ± 9.97 vs. 28.8 ± 8.7, p = 0.02, respectively). Other biochemical factors were not significantly different between genders. The mean and median concentrations
of LPa were 20.3 and 18.7 mg/dL, respectively, which are almost five times higher than those reported in some other studies.
The TG concentration was 1.5–2 times higher than those previously reported. Our findings indicate that serum concentrations
of LPa and TG in Iranian neonates are higher than those in previous studies; this disorder, which is likely placing Iranians
at increased risk for future CADs, needs to be assessed in longitudinal studies. 相似文献
25.
Sedigheh Asgary Roya Kelishadi Mahmuod Rafieian-Kopaei Somayeh Najafi Mitra Najafi Amirhossein Sahebkar 《Pediatric cardiology》2013,34(7):1729-1735
Cornus mas L. (CM) fruits are rich in anthocyanins and possess both antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current study was conducted to investigate whether supplementation with CM could ameliorate lipid profile and vascular inflammation in dyslipidemic children and adolescents. In this randomized clinical trial, 40 dyslipidemic children and adolescents ages 9 to 16 years were assigned to receive 50 g of CM twice a day after lunch and dinner (n = 20, case group) or to continue their normal diet (n = 20, control group). The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apo A-I, apo B, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and anthropometric indices were determined at baseline and then after weeks 3 and 6 of the trial. After week 6 of the trial, the TC, TG, LDL-C, apo B, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels in the CM group were significantly lower and the HDL-C and apo A-I levels higher than at baseline. After week 6 of the trial, none of these parameters in the control group, except for ICAM-1, was significantly altered from baseline. However, between-group comparison showed a significant difference only for apo A-I (p = 0.016) and a borderline significant difference for ICAM-1 (p = 0.076). No significant difference in body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, or C-reactive protein was observed between the studied groups. The present findings revealed a trend toward amelioration of lipid profile and vascular inflammation following addition of CM to the daily diet of dyslipidemic children and adolescents but this needs to be verified by larger scale trials. 相似文献
26.
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the usefulness of self-report family history
(FH) of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) for identifying children with lipid disorders.
This study was conducted on a representative, population-based sample of 4811 Iranian children and adolescents (2248 boys
and 2563 girls) aged 6–18 years. We compared the obtained serum lipid profile with that of the Lipid Research Clinic (LRC)
and calculated the predictive value of FH for detecting those children with dyslipidemia.
Overall, for both genders and for age groups, the mean serum triglycerides (TG) and its percentiles were significantly higher,
and the mean and percentiles of total, low-density, and high-density cholesterol (TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C respectively) were
significantly lower than the LRC values. In total, 45.7% of participants had dyslipidemia; the most frequent ones were low
HDL-C (24.8%) and hypertriglyceridemia (24.5%), followed by hypercholesterolemia (6.4%) and high LDL-C (6.3%), respectively.
The mean serum lipid levels and the anthropometric measures were not significantly different among those with or without positive
FH. The sensitivity, and specificity, positive and negative predictive values for FH in detecting those children with dyslipidemia
were 28.4, 70.3. 44.7, and 53.8%, respectively.
The usefulness of FH in identifying dyslipidemic children was relatively low. The common lipid disorders in our community
were the components of the metabolic syndrome. We suggest that the current guidelines for screening lipid disorders in youths,
which are based on cholesterol, should consider such ethnic differences. 相似文献
27.
Negin Badihian Roya Riahi Parvin Goli Shervin Badihian Parnian Poursafa Roya Kelishadi 《Autoimmunity reviews》2021,20(6):102823
ObjectiveBoth genetic and environmental factors play roles in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis. The relationship between prenatal/perinatal factors/exposures and future MS occurrence in the offspring remains controversial. Here, we aimed to review the available evidence on prenatal/perinatal factors associated with later MS occurrence.MethodWe performed systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to October 2020. We included original observational studies conducted on human participants addressing the association between prenatal/perinatal factors and MS occurrence. Data were extracted according to the PRISMA guideline. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered as the desired effect size. The heterogeneity was evaluated by Cochran's Q and I2 and the publication bias was assessed. We excluded gestational/neonatal vitamin D level, season of birth, and latitude because of recently published systematic reviews/meta-analyses on these subjects.ResultsOverall, 2306 records were identified in the primary search. After excluding irrelevant studies, we evaluated 34 studies with contributing data on 100 prenatal/perinatal factors associated with an increased or decreased risk of MS occurrence. In the meta-analyses, we found no statistically significant associations between later MS occurrence in offspring and prenatal smoking exposure (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.77–1.34), mode of delivery (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.52–1.56), birth order (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.72–1.00), and maternal age (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.88–2.04). Paternal age and parents' marital status at the time of childbirth, maternal preeclampsia/ toxemia, forceps use, birth weight, plurality, and preterm birth were the other most studied factors, and none reported to affect MS risk.ConclusionWe found that prenatal smoking exposure, mode of delivery, birth order, and maternal age do not affect risk of future MS development. Moreover, most of the other investigated factors were reported not to affect MS risk in the offspring. 相似文献
28.
29.
Air pollution is a global health issue with serious public health implications, particularly for children. Usually respiratory effects of air pollutants are considered, but this review highlights the importance of non-respiratory health hazards. In addition to short-term effects, exposure to criteria air pollutants from early life might be associated with low birth weight, increase in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, which in turn might have long-term effects on chronic non-communicable diseases. In view of the emerging epidemic of chronic disease in low- and middle- income countries, the vicious cycle of rapid urbanization and increasing levels of air pollution, public health and regulatory policies for air quality protection should be integrated into the main priorities of the primary health care system and into the educational curriculum of health professionals. 相似文献
30.
Roya Kelishadi Mohammadreza Sabri Neda Motamedi Mohammad Arash Ramezani 《Pediatric cardiology》2009,30(4):477-481
The objective of this study was to determine the predictive factor of a combination of traditional and new risk factors for
coronary heart diseases (CHDs) as well as the echocardiographic findings in children of parents suffering premature myocardial
infarction in comparison with controls. Overall, 239 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years including 112 children of parents with
premature CHD (<55 years) and 127 age- and sex-matched controls without such a family history. In addition to measuring anthropometric
indexes and blood pressure, serum fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, Lpa, and oxidized LDL as well as
carotid-intima media thickness and left ventricular mass were determined. Factor analysis showed that clusters of inflammatory
factors and markers of oxidation as well as carotid-intima media thickness and left ventricular mass were correlated with
each other and were associated with a positive parental history of premature CHD in youths. These findings complement the
functional and structural changes in arteries of adults with a familial predisposition to CHD and underscore the importance
of using a high-risk approach for primordial/primary prevention of CHD from early life and of considering the screening of
children and siblings in the management of patients with premature CHD. 相似文献