Pre-attack and pre-episode symptoms in cluster headache: a multicenter cross-sectional study of 327 Chinese patients

BackgroundThere have been a few studies regarding the pre-attack symptoms (PAS) and pre-episode symptoms (PES) of cluster headache (CH), but none have been conducted in the Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and features of PAS and PES in Chinese patients, as well as to investigate their relationships with pertinent factors.MethodsThe study included patients who visited a tertiary headache center and nine other headache clinics between January 2019 and September 2021. A questionnaire was used to collect general data and information about PAS and PES.ResultsAmong the 327 patients who met the CH criteria (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition), 269 (82.3%) patients experienced at least one PAS. The most common PAS were head and facial discomfort (74.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis depicted that the number of triggers (OR = 1.798, p = 0.001), and smoking history (OR = 2.067, p = 0.026) were correlated with increased odds of PAS. In total, 68 (20.8%) patients had PES. The most common symptoms were head and facial discomfort (23, 33.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the number of triggers were associated with increased odds of PES (OR = 1.372, p = 0.005).ConclusionsPAS are quite common in CH patients, demonstrating that CH attacks are not comprised of a pain phase alone; investigations of PAS and PES could help researchers better understand the pathophysiology of CH.     

The cell cycle inhibitor P21 promotes the development of pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing lung alveolar regeneration

The cell cycle inhibitor P21 has been implicated in cell senescence and plays an important role in the injury–repair process following lung injury. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fibrotic lung disorder characterized by cell senescence in lung alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, we report that P21 expression was increased in alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s) in a time-dependent manner following multiple bleomycin-induced PF. Repeated injury of AEC2s resulted in telomere shortening and triggered P21-dependent cell senescence. AEC2s with elevated expression of P21 lost their self-renewal and differentiation abilities. In particular, elevated P21 not only induced cell cycle arrest in AEC2s but also bound to P300 and β-catenin and inhibited AEC2 differentiation by disturbing the P300–β-catenin interaction. Meanwhile, senescent AEC2s triggered myofibroblast activation by releasing profibrotic cytokines. Knockdown of P21 restored AEC2-mediated lung alveolar regeneration in mice with chronic PF. The results of our study reveal a mechanism of P21-mediated lung regeneration failure during PF development, which suggests a potential strategy for the treatment of fibrotic lung diseases.     

Emerging pro-drug and nano-drug strategies for gemcitabine-based cancer therapy

Gemcitabine has been extensively applied in treating various solid tumors. Nonetheless,the clinical performance of gemcitabine is severely restricted by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters and easy deactivation mainly because of its rapid deamination, deficiencies in deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), and alterations in nucleoside transporter. On this account, repeated injections with a high concentration of gemcitabine are adopted, leading to severe systemic toxicity to healthy cells. Accord...     

Identification of DAPI-stained normal,inflammatory, and carcinoma hepatic cells based on hyperspectral microscopy

Gross chromatin imbalance and high DNA content are distinct features of various types of cancer cells. However, severe inflammation can also produce similar symptoms in cells. In this study, normal, inflammatory, and carcinoma hepatic cells were stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and investigated by hyperspectral microscopy. DAPI is a DNA-sensitive fluorochrome. Therefore, the differences in the cellular DNA of the samples can be revealed by the corresponding fluorescence. Our experimental results demonstrate that although chromosomal disorder and high DNA content both occur in severely inflammatory and carcinoma hepatic cells, there is still a slight difference in their DNA, making their fluorescent intensity and even their spectral shapes distinguishable. Based on these spectral features, we developed a method for the precise identification of normal, inflammatory, and carcinoma hepatic cells in the field of view. The identification accuracy for these three types of cells was 99.8%. We believe that examination that combines DAPI staining with hyperspectral microscopy is a potential method for the identification and investigation of various types of cancer tissues.     

30 d-6°头低位卧床对人下肢脂肪体积的影响

目的 观察模拟失重对人下肢脂肪体积的影响,验证磁共振水脂分离成像技术在测量人下肢脂肪容积中的可行性.方法 14名男性健康志愿者,-6°头低位卧床30 d,使用磁共振水脂分离成像(Dixon)技术采集卧床前后的下肢横断面解剖图像,测量卧床前后下肢脂肪体积.结果 与卧床前相比,卧床后所有志愿者下肢总脂肪体积及大腿段脂肪体积显著增加(P＜0.001);小腿段脂肪体积呈增加趋势,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 使用MRI水脂分离成像可以清晰地显示卧床前后下肢脂肪体积的变化;-6°头低位卧床30 d后下肢脂肪体积明显增加.     

彩色多普勒超声对医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的临床应用

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断及治疗价值。方法对22例经皮股动脉穿刺介入术后触及搏动性肿块的患者采用二维超声、彩色多普勒超声、频谱多普勒超声检查,对声像图进行总结分析,在超声引导下压迫及注射治疗。结果本组22例假性动脉瘤彩色多普勒超声诊断与临床符合率100%（22/22）,18例经超声引导下压迫治疗后瘤腔闭合,3例经瘤腔内注射凝血酶治疗取得满意疗效,总治愈率95%（21/22）,1例行外科手术治疗。结论彩色多普勒超声是医源性假性动脉瘤首选的诊断及治疗方法。     

脊髓损伤尿潴留患者无创护理干预研究进展

尿潴留是脊髓损伤患者常见的并发症之一,目前对尿潴留缺乏有效的治疗,临床上主要采用留置导尿管引流尿液,被动等待膀胱功能的恢复。由于导尿易致尿道黏膜损伤,尿道附近及尿道内存在的细菌可经损伤的黏膜进入机体,引起上行感染;通过无创护理干预来解决患者的尿潴留问题显得尤为重要,本文从促进排尿和膀胱功能训练两方面,综述了脊髓损伤患者尿潴留的无创护理干预进展。