全文获取类型
收费全文 | 194243篇 |
免费 | 2891篇 |
国内免费 | 50篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1282篇 |
儿科学 | 7320篇 |
妇产科学 | 3480篇 |
基础医学 | 18999篇 |
口腔科学 | 1789篇 |
临床医学 | 14940篇 |
内科学 | 34226篇 |
皮肤病学 | 872篇 |
神经病学 | 18471篇 |
特种医学 | 9364篇 |
外科学 | 30785篇 |
综合类 | 3098篇 |
一般理论 | 27篇 |
预防医学 | 20639篇 |
眼科学 | 3139篇 |
药学 | 10779篇 |
中国医学 | 629篇 |
肿瘤学 | 17345篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 198篇 |
2022年 | 275篇 |
2021年 | 544篇 |
2020年 | 385篇 |
2019年 | 565篇 |
2018年 | 22470篇 |
2017年 | 17773篇 |
2016年 | 19944篇 |
2015年 | 1345篇 |
2014年 | 1437篇 |
2013年 | 1754篇 |
2012年 | 8163篇 |
2011年 | 22187篇 |
2010年 | 19440篇 |
2009年 | 12037篇 |
2008年 | 20412篇 |
2007年 | 22699篇 |
2006年 | 1522篇 |
2005年 | 3054篇 |
2004年 | 4193篇 |
2003年 | 5082篇 |
2002年 | 3213篇 |
2001年 | 742篇 |
2000年 | 848篇 |
1999年 | 581篇 |
1998年 | 392篇 |
1997年 | 353篇 |
1996年 | 278篇 |
1995年 | 258篇 |
1994年 | 215篇 |
1993年 | 209篇 |
1992年 | 351篇 |
1991年 | 382篇 |
1990年 | 436篇 |
1989年 | 331篇 |
1988年 | 281篇 |
1987年 | 283篇 |
1986年 | 223篇 |
1985年 | 194篇 |
1984年 | 187篇 |
1983年 | 159篇 |
1982年 | 126篇 |
1980年 | 108篇 |
1979年 | 114篇 |
1978年 | 110篇 |
1977年 | 87篇 |
1976年 | 75篇 |
1975年 | 81篇 |
1974年 | 78篇 |
1970年 | 73篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
952.
Pamela J. Goodwin 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2003,81(1):103-110
Women with advanced breast cancer frequently experience psychologic distress as a result of their illness and its treatment. This distress may be manifest as depression, anxiety, symptoms of the stress-response syndrome, difficulty coping and social isolation. Six randomized trials of psychosocial interventions have been conducted in metastatic breast cancer. Five of these evaluated group psychosocial support – supportive-expressive therapy in three studies, cognitive-behavioral in one, and a combination of cognitive-behavioral and supportive therapy in another. All of these studies identified psychological benefits, notably improvement in mood, pain control and coping, although benefits were small in one study that provided the control group with a home cognitive-behavioral study program. One study identified an unexpected survival benefit associated with a group intervention – three subsequent studies have failed to replicate this result. Survival results of one additional ongoing study are pending.Studies in early breast cancer, and in patients with a spectrum of other cancers, have demonstrated benefits of individual psychological interventions, educational interventions and relaxation/self-hypnosis/imagery interventions, however, these have not been adequately evaluated in metastatic breast cancer.Based on these results, it is recommended that psychosocial support be offered to women with advanced breast cancer. Current research does not provide sufficient information to determine the optimal type of intervention to be used, or the optimal timing and duration of such interventions. Furthermore, it is not clear which patients benefit the most from psychosocial intervention and whether there are some patients who do not require psychosocial intervention. Research to address these issues is recommended. 相似文献
953.
954.
955.
The need to embrace molecular profiling of tumor cells in prostate and bladder cancer. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Brian J Duggan John J McKnight Kate E Williamson Maurice Loughrey Declan O'Rourke Peter W Hamilton Samuel R Johnston Claude C Schulman Alexandre R Zlotta 《Clinical cancer research》2003,9(4):1240-1247
PURPOSE: Current treatment strategies for urological cancer are still based on empirical formulae as opposed to treatment tailored for each cancer patient. To individualize treatment, the multiple molecular abnormalities within tumor cell populations needs to be mapped out. The aim of this article is to explain molecular profiling (MP) and its associated techniques so that the process is not purely seen as a research tool but as a future adjunctive measure in patient diagnosis and treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A Medline search of publications relating to MP of prostate and bladder cancer was carried out. A review article was written combining the relevant published literature along with the clinical and scientific experience of both centers. RESULTS: The advent of MP now provides a strategy by which these molecular abnormalities can be assessed. As well as being of diagnostic and prognostic use, these molecular profiles will identify putative molecular abnormalities within tumor cells that may be appropriate for therapeutic modulation. CONCLUSIONS: In prostate and bladder cancer, mapping out the molecular abnormalities could be translated into a valuable tool to help solve difficult issues regarding patient management decisions. 相似文献
956.
957.
cAMP stimulates the in vitro proliferation of renal cyst epithelial cells by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Yamaguchi T Pelling JC Ramaswamy NT Eppler JW Wallace DP Nagao S Rome LA Sullivan LP Grantham JJ 《Kidney international》2000,57(4):1460-1471
BACKGROUND.: Cellular proliferation is a key factor in the enlargement of renal cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We determined the extent to which adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) may regulate the in vitro proliferation of cyst epithelial cells derived from human ADPKD cysts. METHODS.: Epithelial cells from cysts of individuals with ADPKD and from normal human kidney cortex (HKC) of individuals without ADPKD were cultured. The effects of agonists and inhibitors on the rate of cellular proliferation and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) were determined. RESULTS.: 8-Br-cAMP (100 micromol/L) stimulated the proliferation of cells from eight different ADPKD subjects to 99.0% above baseline; proliferation was inhibited by protein kinase A (PKA) antagonists H-89 (97%) and Rp-cAMP (90%). Forskolin (10 micromol/L), which activates adenylyl cyclase, increased proliferation 124%, and receptor-mediated agonists arginine vasopressin, desmopressin, secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and prostaglandin E2 stimulated proliferation 54.2, 56.3, 46.7, 37.1, and 48.3%, respectively. The mitogen extracellular kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 completely inhibited ADPKD cell proliferation in response to cAMP agonists, but genistein, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, did not block cAMP-dependent proliferation. cAMP agonists increased the activity of ERK above control levels within five minutes. In contrast to ADPKD, proliferation and ERK activity of cells derived from normal HKC were not stimulated by cAMP agonists, although electrogenic Cl- secretion was increased by these agonists in both ADPKD and HKC cell monolayers. CONCLUSIONS.: We conclude that cAMP agonists stimulate the proliferation of ADPKD but not HKC epithelial cells through PKA activation of the ERK pathway at a locus distal to receptor tyrosine kinase. We suggest that the adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway may have a unique role in determining the rate of cyst enlargement in ADPKD through its actions to stimulate cellular proliferation and transepithelial solute and fluid secretion. 相似文献
958.
959.
960.
Rahul A.K. Samlal M.D. Jacobus van der Velden M.D. Marten S. Schilthuis M.D. Dionisio González González M.D. Fiebo J.W. Ten Kate M.D. Augustinus A.M. Hart M.D. Frits B. Lammes M.D. 《Gynecologic oncology》1997,64(3):463-467
The purpose of the present study was to identify a subset of high-risk patients among surgically treated node-positive patients with stage IB and IIA cervical carcinoma. From 1982 through 1991, 334 patients underwent radical hysterectomy for FIGO stage IB and IIA cervical carcinoma. In 68 patients pathological analysis of the surgical specimen revealed positive pelvic nodes. In this group, a Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to examine the prognostic significance of clinicopathological variables. Only for adenocarcinoma (P= 0.002) and parametrium infiltration (P= 0.003) was evidence of an association with prognosis found. Based on these two factors, patients with positive pelvic nodes were categorized into a low-risk group (squamous cell carcinoma without parametrium infiltration,N= 33) and a high-risk group (squamous cell carcinoma with parametrium infiltration or adenocarcinoma,N= 34). The 5-year disease-specific survival in the low-risk group was 94% compared with 60% in the high-risk group (P= 0.003). For patients in the high-risk group, there is an urgent need for alternative adjuvant treatment to improve outcome. 相似文献