Combined laser in situ keratomileusis and radial keratotomy for the treatment of moderate to high myopia

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of combining laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and radial keratotomy (RK) for the correction of moderate to high myopia. SETTING: Corneal Consultants of Colorado, Littleton, Colorado, and International Eye Care Laser Vision Center, Houston, Texas, USA. METHODS: In a retrospective 2-surgeon interventional case series, outcomes in 60 eyes of 41 patients with moderate to high myopia were reported. All eyes had LASIK using a Visx Star S2 or Summit Apex Plus((R)) excimer laser. Residual myopia was treated with RK. RESULTS: Of the 54 eyes corrected for distance, the mean refractive spherical equivalent was -8.09 diopters (D) preoperatively and -0.43 D after LASIK and RK. The mean follow-up was 15.4 months. At the last visit, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 in 22 eyes (41%), 20/25 in 36 eyes (67%), and 20/40 in 51 eyes (94%). No eye lost 2 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Many patients previously considered poor refractive surgery candidates because of their degree of myopia or corneal thickness could be offered this safe and effective combined refractive technique.     

Eating disorders during adolescence and the risk for physical and mental disorders during early adulthood

BACKGROUND: Data from a community-based longitudinal investigation were used to investigate whether adolescents with eating disorders are at an elevated risk for physical and mental disorders during early adulthood. METHODS: Psychosocial and psychiatric interviews were administered to a representative community sample of 717 adolescents and their mothers from 2 counties in the state of New York in 1983, 1985 to 1986, and 1991 to 1993. In 1983, the mean age of the youths was 13.8 years. RESULTS: Adolescents with eating disorders were at a substantially elevated risk for anxiety disorders, cardiovascular symptoms, chronic fatigue, chronic pain, depressive disorders, limitations in activities due to poor health, infectious diseases, insomnia, neurological symptoms, and suicide attempts during early adulthood after age, sex, socioeconomic status, co-occurring psychiatric disorders, adolescent health problems, body mass index, and worries about health during adulthood were controlled statistically. Problems with eating or weight during adolescence predicted poor health outcomes during adulthood, regardless of whether an eating disorder had been present. Only 22% of the adolescents with current eating disorders had received psychiatric treatment within the past year. CONCLUSION: Eating disorders during adolescence may be associated with an elevated risk for a broad range of physical and mental health problems during early adulthood.     

Maladaptative parenting and the association between parental and offspring psychiatric disorders

A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the role of maladaptive parental behavior and the association between parent and offspring psychiatric disorders. Psychosocial and psychiatric interviews were carried out in a representative community sample of 593 biological parents and their offspring from two counties in the state of New York in 1975, 1983, 1985-86, and 1991-93. In 1975, the mean age of offspring was 6 years. Maladaptive parental behavior was assessed in 1975, 1983, and 1985-86. Parent and offspring psychiatric symptoms were assessed in 1983, 1985-86, and 1991-93. Maladaptive parental behavior substantially mediated a significant association between parental and offspring psychiatric symptoms. Parents with psychiatric disorders had higher levels of maladaptive behavior in the household than did parents without psychiatric disorders. Maladaptive parental behavior, in turn, was associated with increased offspring risk for psychiatric disorders during adolescence and early adulthood. Most of the youths that experienced high levels of maladaptive parental behavior during childhood had psychiatric disorders during adolescence or early adulthood, independent of whether or not their parents had psychiatric disorders. In contrast, the offspring of parents with psychiatric disorders were not at increased risk for psychiatric disorders unless there was a history of maladaptive parental behavior. Maladaptive parental behavior is associated with increased risk for the development of psychiatric disorders among the offspring of parents with and without psychiatric disorders. Maladaptive parental behavior appears to be an important mediator of the association between parental and offspring psychiatric symptoms.     

Psychiatric disorders during adolescence and relationships with peers from age 17 to age 27

Objective  

To investigate normative patterns of peer relationships from ages 17 to 27, and to examine the impact of adolescent psychiatric disorders on peer relationships.