Low-dose ibuprofen in self-medication of mild to moderate headache: a comparison with acetylsalicylic acid and placebo

A double-blind, threefold crossover, double-dummy trial was performed, investigating the efficacy of 200 mg ibuprofen compared with 500 mg acetylsalicylic acid and placebo in patients who usually treated their headaches with over-the-counter drugs. Ninety-five patients suffering from mild to moderate migraine or episodic tension-type headache were included. Seventy-seven patients entered the intention-to-treat analysis and 65 completed all three treatments. For the main response criterion, a minimum 50% decrease of headache intensity on a visual analogue scale at I h after treatment, ibuprofen was significantly superior to acetylsalicylic acid and placebo. This was true for migraine attacks and tension-type headache episodes. Towards the end of the observation period (150 min), the differences between ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid were no longer significant. In conclusion, ibuprofen was at least equivalent to acetylsalicylic acid and superior to placebo.     

包膜活性炭吸附血液灌流清除人血浆中毒鼠强的实验

目的:观察包膜活性炭对血浆中毒鼠强的清除率及吸附规律。方法:实验于2004-05/2006-04在军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所国家重点实验室完成。采用包膜活性炭灌流器对毒鼠强血浆样进行血液灌流吸附,在灌流的1,2,3h分别取样,经乙酸乙酯萃取后,用气相色谱氮磷检测器法(GC/NPD)测定其含量并计算清除率。结果:活性炭对毒鼠强的吸附作用在血液灌流1h最高,灌流2h后毒鼠强质量浓度无明显变化。400,200μg/L毒鼠强血液灌流1h清除率分别为(57.83±1.85)%,(48.18±1.81)%。结论:用包膜活性炭吸附剂进行血浆的灌流吸附,能清除大部分毒物,迅速降低血浆中毒鼠强的质量浓度。     

Return of autologous blood donors as homologous blood donors

Autologous blood donors (ABDs) have been reported to have favorable attitudes toward returning as homologous blood donors (HBDs), but the frequency of return has not been well documented. ABDs eligible by history to be HBDs were followed at one blood center: 255 donating for elective surgery and 234 donating during pregnancy were followed for an average of 18 months and 20 months, respectively, from time of eligibility after surgery or postpartum. Male ABDs had a higher rate of return as HBDs, as 34 percent (21/62) returned to donate an average of 3 units, whereas 13 percent (56/427) of female ABDs returned as HBDs to donate an average of 2 units. Although a history of donation was associated with a higher rate of return (30%, 34/113), 11 percent (43/376) of ABDs with no history as HBDs returned to donate homologous units, despite having been recruited less frequently than prior HBDs. Overall, all male ABDs and female ABDs with an HBD history returned most frequently. The extra effort required for an autologous donor program may result in the recruitment of new donors into the HBD pool.     

Sensitization of trigeminal nociception specific for migraine but not pain of sinusitis.

Neurology. 2002;59:1450-1453.
Trigeminal pain processing was studied in 14 patients with unilateral migraine attacks and 14 age- and sex-matched patients with comparable unilateral headache from frontal sinusitis. Using a nociception-specific blink reflex method (nBR), a facilitation of nBR responses predominantly on the headache side was observed in migraine, but not in sinusitis. The facilitation of trigeminal nociception may be specific for migraine rather than a consequence of peripheral pain such as frontal sinusitis.
Comment: Here we have evidence for the central hyperexcitability of migraine, not found in the previously cited article by Boska et al. SJT     

无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者总义齿修复前后咬合垂直距离改变与髁状突在关节凹内位置的关系

目的:观察咬合垂直距离改变对无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者两侧颞颌关节髁状突位置的影响。方法:于1994-01/1997-12选择本院口腔修复门诊收治的无牙颌患者中符合颞下颌关节紊乱病诊断标准,同时垂直距离减低的患者48例。实验方案经医院伦理委员会审批,患者均知情同意。将48例无牙颌颞下颌关节紊乱病患者根据垂直距离减低程度的不同分为3组:减低1.8～6.0mm组18例,减低6.1～10.0mm组20例,减低10.1￣14.0mm组10例。通过重新制作一副全口义齿的方法治疗,咬合垂直距离恢复在合适的范围内,3组全口义齿的咬合垂直距离恢复前分别平均为63.4,60.6,54.2mm,恢复后咬合垂直距离分别平均为67.8,68.4,66.4mm,平均抬高4.4,7.8,12.2mm。通过拍摄正中颌位时颞下颌关节薛氏位X射线片测量各组前、后、上关节间隙。结果:垂直距离恢复前,减低1.8～6.0mm组关节后间隙,减低6.1～10.0mm组关节前、后间隙、减低10.1￣14.0mm组关节上、后间隙左右侧相比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。垂直距离恢复后,3组关节间隙左右侧差异无显著性意义。结论:无牙颌咬合垂直距离减低后可以导致两侧髁状突位置发生不对称改变。     

ELISA versus PCR for diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background  

Most current guidelines recommend two serological tests to diagnose chronic Chagas disease. When serological tests are persistently inconclusive, some guidelines recommend molecular tests. The aim of this investigation was to review chronic Chagas disease diagnosis literature and to summarize results of ELISA and PCR performance.     

肯尼亚内罗毕地区HIV携带者和艾滋病患者饮用中药Restore Plus颗粒冲剂提高免疫功能降低病毒载量的初步研究

目的:评价肯尼亚内罗毕地区HIV携带者和艾滋病(AIDS)患者饮用Restore Plus颗粒冲剂22个月后受试者免疫功能的改善情况。方法:将29～49岁的受试者71人随机分为2组:安慰剂组(n=30)和Restore Plus颗粒冲剂组(n=41)。其中61人(80%以上)为低收入、低教育背景的单身、已婚或离异女性。结果:与安慰剂组相比,服用Restore Plus的患者在服用期间和后续时间内,食欲、体重、身体机能、低体温方面均有所改善,特别是HIV和AIDS体征性状改善更佳,主要表现在:患者中有腹泻症状者的比例从10.5%降至0%;上呼吸道感染者从10.5%降至0%;头疼患者从15.8%降至4.0%;皮疹者从21.1%降至4.2%;感觉乏力者从15.8%降至0%。85.7%的患者在服用第12个月可见改善。而且,服用Restore Plus患者的CD 3+和CD 4+淋巴细胞计数增高,HIV病毒载量明显降低,甚至低于检测限。对服用者的肝功能检测表明其与对照组之间较为一致,未显示对肝脏的不良反应。结论:服用Restore Plus的患者没有出现毒性作用,用其对抗HIV感染和AIDS,患者免疫功能恢复,病毒载量...     

Spatial determinants of poverty in rural Kenya

This article investigates the link between poverty incidence and geographical conditions within rural locations in Kenya. Evidence from poverty maps for Kenya and other developing countries suggests that poverty and income distribution are not homogenous. We use spatial regression techniques to explore the effects of geographic factors on poverty. Slope, soil type, distance/travel time to public resources, elevation, type of land use, and demographic variables prove to be significant in explaining spatial patterns of poverty. However, differential influence of these and other factors at the location level shows that provinces in Kenya are highly heterogeneous; hence different spatial factors are important in explaining welfare levels in different areas within provinces, suggesting that targeted propoor policies are needed. Policy simulations are conducted to explore the impact of various interventions on location-level poverty levels. Investments in roads and improvements in soil fertility are shown to potentially reduce poverty rates, with differential impacts in different regions.     

Immunization with Theileria parva parasites from buffaloes results in generation of cytotoxic T cells which recognize antigens common among cells infected with stocks of T. parva parva, T. parva bovis, and T. parva lawrencei.

Immunity to infection by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva in cattle is partially attributable to cytotoxic T cells, which kill lymphocytes infected with the schizont stage of the parasite. Here we evaluated five stocks of buffalo-derived T. parva lawrencei parasites and two stocks of cattle-derived T. parva parva parasites for their ability to induce in vivo cytotoxic T cells which can kill lymphocytes infected with a wide variety of strains of T. parva parasites. A group of seven full-sibling cattle, produced by embryo transfer and matched for at least one major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype, were immunized by infection and treatment with the parasite stocks. Target cells used in in vitro cytotoxicity assays were infected with five buffalo-derived parasite stocks and five cattle-derived parasite stocks, including T. parva parva and T. parva bovis. Immunization with any of the seven parasite stocks resulted in the generation of cytotoxic T cells which recognized parasite antigens on most if not all of the target cell lines tested, although the T. parva bovis stock was the least effective at doing so. Further in-depth analyses performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from one of the cattle immunized with T. parva lawrencei parasites showed that the pattern of killing of the panel of target cells was altered when either cells infected with different parasite stocks or clones of infected cells were used as stimulator cells in vitro, suggesting the presence of more than one population of parasite-specific cytotoxic effector cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, clones of these cytotoxic effector cells recognized common or cross-reactive antigen epitopes expressed by the entire panel of infected target cells. These T-cell clones will be useful for identifying common T-cell antigen epitopes of T. parva and the parasite genes encoding them.     

Efficacy and safety of a new single-dose terbinafine 1% formulation in patients with tinea pedis (athlete''s foot): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

BACKGROUND: Tinea pedis is a common dermatophyte infection with frequent recurrences. Terbinafine (presently used as a 1-week topical treatment of tinea pedis) is now available in a novel topical solution (film-forming solution--FFS), developed to allow single application. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of terbinafine 1% FFS in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial, and to determine relapse or re-infection rate of tinea pedis at 12 weeks. PATIENTS/METHODS: Fifty-four centres (27 in France; 27 in Germany) enrolled 273 evaluable patients (2 : 1 randomization). Patients applied terbinafine 1% FFS or placebo only once between, under and over the toes, soles and sides of both feet. Efficacy assessments included direct microscopy, mycological culture, and clinical signs and symptoms at baseline, and at weeks 1, 6 and 12 after the single drug application. RESULTS: Effective treatment (negative mycology plus absent/minimal symptoms) at week 6 in the terbinafine 1% FFS group was 63%; vehicle was 17% (P相似文献