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71.
Implementing guidelines for preventing,identifying and treating adolescent overweight and obesity—School nurses’ perceptions of the challenges involved
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72.
Hermeneutic application research – finding a common understanding and consensus on care and caring
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Camilla Koskinen PhD RN Lisbet Nyström PhD RN 《Scandinavian journal of caring sciences》2017,31(1):175-182
To clinically and contextually implement the theoretical and factual knowledge of care and caring that has been developed in the last 30 years is seen as a great challenge in caring science research. Emphasis has been put on problem‐solving research methodologies and action research in hopes of narrowing the divide between caring theory and clinical practice. Thus, the intention is now to further action research towards a hermeneutic approach and to put emphasis on hermeneutic application where theory and praxis become one through human dialogue. This article highlights hermeneutic application research as an alternative methodology within participatory‐oriented research which presents a new opportunity to unite clinical practice and caring theory. The aim is to contribute to the development of the hermeneutical application research design in its epistemological, ontological and ethical perspective, by articulating and clarifying the central foundations in the application. On the basis of Gadamer's hermeneutical thinking and Levinas ethical thinking, the central foundations in the application research are ethics, creation of a hermeneutical room, dialogue and common understanding and appropriation and action. When theoretical understanding turns into praxis, knowledge also becomes activity and theory and practice become one. Application thus realises the basic idea that praxis and theory are one, and thus, theory of caring can only become evident and implemented in a clinical practice through moments when the participants find a common understanding and consensus on the knowledge of care and caring. 相似文献
73.
Amina Amadou Heinz Freisling Mazda Jenab Konstantinos K. Tsilidis Antonia Trichopoulou Paolo Boffetta Bethany Van Guelpen Olatz Mokoroa Tom Wilsgaard Frank Kee Ben Schttker Jos M. Ordez-Mena Satu Mnnist Stefan Sderberg Roel C. H. Vermeulen J. Ramn Quirs Linda M. Liao Rashmi Sinha Kari Kuulasmaa Hermann Brenner Isabelle Romieu 《British journal of cancer》2021,124(11):1882
Background We investigated whether associations between prevalent diabetes and cancer risk are pertinent to older adults and whether associations differ across subgroups of age, body weight status or levels of physical activity.Methods We harmonised data from seven prospective cohort studies of older individuals in Europe and the United States participating in the CHANCES consortium. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the associations of prevalent diabetes with cancer risk (all cancers combined, and for colorectum, prostate and breast). We calculated summary risk estimates across cohorts using pooled analysis and random-effects meta-analysis.Results A total of 667,916 individuals were included with an overall median (P25–P75) age at recruitment of 62.3 (57–67) years. During a median follow-up time of 10.5 years, 114,404 total cancer cases were ascertained. Diabetes was not associated with the risk of all cancers combined (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–1.04; I2 = 63.3%). Diabetes was positively associated with colorectal cancer risk in men (HR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08–1.26; I2 = 0%) and a similar HR in women (1.13; 95% CI: 0.82–1.56; I2 = 46%), but with a confidence interval including the null. Diabetes was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.77–0.85; I2 = 0%), but not with postmenopausal breast cancer (HR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.89–1.03; I2 = 0%). In exploratory subgroup analyses, diabetes was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk only in men with overweight or obesity.Conclusions Prevalent diabetes was positively associated with colorectal cancer risk and inversely associated with prostate cancer risk in older Europeans and Americans.Subject terms: Risk factors, Cancer epidemiology 相似文献
74.
Yasmeen Niazi Hauke Thomsen Bozena Smolkova Ludmila Vodickova Sona Vodenkova Michal Kroupa Veronika Vymetalkova Alena Kazimirova Magdalena Barancokova Katarina Volkovova Marta Staruchova Per Hoffmann Markus M. Nöthen Maria Dušinská Ludovit Musak Pavel Vodicka Kari Hemminki Asta Försti 《Environmental and molecular mutagenesis》2019,60(1):17-28
Chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) measured with the conventional cytogenetic assay have been used for human biomonitoring of genotoxic exposure for decades. CA frequency in peripheral blood is a marker of cancer susceptibility. Previous studies have shown associations between genetic variants in metabolic pathway, DNA repair and major mitotic checkpoint genes and CAs. We conducted a genome-wide association study on 576 individuals from the Czech Republic and Slovakia followed by a replication in two different sample sets of 482 (replication 1) and 1288 (replication 2) samples. To have a broad look at the genetic susceptibility associated with CA frequency, the sample sets composed of individuals either differentially exposed to smoking, occupational/environmental hazards, or they were untreated cancer patients. Phenotypes were divided into chromosome- and chromatid-type aberrations (CSAs and CTAs, respectively) and total chromosomal aberrations (CAtot). The arbitrary cutoff point between individuals with high and low CA frequency was 2% for CAtot and 1% for CSA and CTA. The data were analyzed using age, sex, occupation/cancer and smoking history as covariates. Altogether 11 loci reached the P-value of 10−5 in the GWAS. Replication 1 supported the association of rs1383997 (8q13.3) and rs2824215 (21q21.1) in CAtot and rs983889 (5p15.1) in CTA analysis. These loci were found to be associated with genes involved in mitosis, response to environmental and chemical factors and genes involved in syndromes linked to chromosomal abnormalities. Identification of new genetic variants for the frequency of CAs offers prediction tools for cancer risk in future. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:17–28, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Dr. T. Noack A.L. Poetini F.A. Kari F. Emrich M. Lühr S. Schwill E. Kuhn O. Heyn 《Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gef??chirurgie》2013,27(4):265-270
The Young Forum of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS) was founded during the 41st annual meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in Freiburg in 2012. The idea was to establish a stronger representation of the needs and problems of young colleagues within the GSTCVS and to improve the communication between residents, students and representatives of the GSTCVS. The aims are to improve residency programs in Germany in general and in particular, to improve the clinical and scientific exchange of residents in Germany, Europe and foreign countries. Attempts will also be made to find solutions that could lead to a better work-life balance in cardiothoracic surgery and therefore make this field more attractive for young physicians. 相似文献
79.
Christina F. Pacchia Geoff P. Kline Mohamed H. Hamdan Kari G. Clark Michael G. Clark Michael L. Smith 《Clinical autonomic research》2011,21(5):325-332
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained dysrhythmia and appears to be an independent predictor of sudden cardiac death. The irregular ventricular rhythm contains both linear and non-linear patterns; however, it remains unclear whether vagally mediated effects are present within these patterns. 相似文献80.
Camilla A‐L. Koskinen PhD RN Unni Å. Lindström PhD RN 《Scandinavian journal of caring sciences》2013,27(3):757-764
The purpose of this article is to broaden the understandinfg of the hermeneutic reading of classic texts. The aim is to show how the choice of a specific scientific tradition in conjunction with a methodological approach creates the foundation that clarifies the actual realization of the reading. This hermeneutic reading of classic texts is inspired by Gadamer's notion that it is the researcher's own research tradition and a clearly formulated theoretical fundamental order that shape the researcher's attitude towards texts and create the starting point that guides all reading, uncovering and interpretation. The researcher's ethical position originates in a will to openness towards what is different in the text and which constantly sets the researcher's preunderstanding and research tradition in movement. It is the researcher's attitude towards the text that allows the text to address, touch and arouse wonder. Through a flexible, lingering and repeated reading of classic texts, what is different emerges with a timeless value. The reading of classic texts is an act that may rediscover and create understanding for essential dimensions and of human beings' reality on a deeper level. The hermeneutic reading of classic texts thus brings to light constantly new possibilities of uncovering for a new envisioning and interpretation for a new understanding of the essential concepts and phenomena within caring science. 相似文献