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31.
美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的2位科学家在性染色体进化变异机制的研究上取得进展。研究发现,Y染色体比X染色体的演化速率快得多,这将导致Y染色体上的基因急剧丢失,如此,Y染色体将会完全消失,人类的传宗接代将受威胁。 相似文献
32.
Leandra JM Boonman-de Winter Frans H Rutten Maarten J Cramer Anho H Liem Marcel J Landman Henk F van Stel G Ardine de Wit Guy EHM Rutten Paulien AW van Hessen Arno W Hoes 《BMC public health》2009,9(1):479
Background
We hypothesize that the prevalence of unknown heart failure in diabetic patients aged 60 years and over is relatively high (15% or more) and that a cost-effective strategy can be developed to detect heart failure in these patients. The strategy is expected to include some signs and symptoms (such as dyspnoea, orthopnoea, pulmonary crepitations and laterally displaced apical beat), natriuretic peptide measurements (Amino-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide) and possibly electrocardiography. In a subset of patients straightforward echocardiography may show to be cost-effective. With information from our study the detection of previously unknown heart failure in diabetic patients could be improved and enable the physician to initiate beneficial morbidity and mortality reducing heart failure treatment more timely. 相似文献33.
34.
Susanne M Rittig Maik Haentschel Katrin J Weimer Annkristin Heine Martin R Muller Wolfram Brugger Marius S Horger Olga Maksimovic Arnulf Stenzl Ingmar Hoerr Hans-Georg Rammensee Tobias AW Holderried Lothar Kanz Steve Pascolo Peter Brossart 《Molecular therapy》2011,19(5):990-999
The aim of this phase I/II nonrandomized trial was to assess feasibility, safety as well as immunological and clinical responses of a mRNA-based vaccination in patients with stage IV renal cell cancer using granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as adjuvant. Intradermal injections of in vitro transcribed naked mRNA, which was generated using plasmids coding for the tumor-associated antigens mucin 1(MUC1), carcinoembryonic (CEA), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu), telomerase, survivin, and melanoma-associated antigen 1 (MAGE-A1) were performed in 30 enrolled patients. In the first 14 patients (cohort A) vaccinations were administered on days 0, 14, 28, and 42 (20 µg/antigen) while in the consecutive 16 patients (cohort B) an intensified protocol consisting of injections at days 0–3, 7–10, 28, and 42 (50 µg/antigen) was used. In both cohorts, after this induction period, vaccinations were repeated monthly until tumor progression analyzed by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria (RECIST). Vaccinations were well tolerated with no severe side effects and induced clinical responses [six stable diseases (SD) and one partial response in cohort A and nine SD in cohort B]. In cohort A, 35.7% survived 4 years (median survival 24 months) compared to 31.25% in cohort B (median survival 29 months). Induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses was shown for several tumor-associated antigens (TAA) using interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and Cr-release assays. 相似文献
35.
Matibag GC Kamigaki T Kumarasiri PV Wijewardana TG Kalupahana AW Dissanayake DR De Silva DD Gunawardena GS Obayashi Y Kanda K Tamashiro H 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2007,12(2):84-89
Objectives The primary objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of rabies management
and control of a sample population. The secondary objective was to compare the KAP with respect to rabies management and control
between urban and rural areas and between pet and non-pet owners.
Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out by conducting face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires among 1570
respondents from selected households in the Kandy District, Sri Landa.
Results Approximately 58% of the sample population was pet owners. Among all the respondents, there was a high level of awareness
(90%) that dogs are the most common rabies reservoir, that the disease is fatal (79%), and that rabies can be prevented by
vaccination (88%). Most of the subjects (96%) would seek treatment from a doctor or a hospital after being bitten by a dog.
Although 76% of the respondents said that their pet dogs were vaccinated, only one-half were able to present a vaccination
certificate upon request. The subjects from the urban areas would submit the head of an animal for rabies evaluation (69%)
compared with those from the rural areas (57%). Pet owners (93%) are more aware that dog rabies vaccines are available from
authorized offices than non-pet owners (87%).
Conclusions The level of awareness of rabies and the level of receptiveness to rabies control measures are high. There is a difference
in the attitudes and pet care practices relevant to rabies control between urban and rural areas. Pet owners tend to be more
cooperative to rabies control activities. The attitudes and practices of the respondents may reflect the inaccessibility of
facilities and the lack of services that would enable community participation in rabies control. 相似文献
36.
MR Carvalho ; MA Krieger ; E Almeida ; W Oelemann ; MA Shikanai-Yassuda ; AW Ferreira ; JB Pereira ; A Saez-Alquezar ; PE Dorlhiac-Llacer ; DF Chamone ; et al. 《Transfusion》1993,33(10):830-834
Blood transfusion is one of the principal routes of transmission of Chagas' disease, a major endemic disease in Latin America. Methods for blood screening are not accurate and may yield false results that lead to high social and economic costs. This study compares two methods of diagnosing Chagas' disease (indirect immunofluorescence and hemagglutination) and several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with regard to specificity and sensitivity, by using human sera with known serologic and parasitologic characteristics, as well as samples with discrepant results on conventional serologic tests. An ELISA using recombinant antigens showed no cross-reactivity with sera that were positive for other diseases. All evaluated ELISAs performed well, and their use may lead to a reduction of more than 50 percent in the number of discordant sera. Further improvements are needed in view of the complexity of the serologic diagnosis of Chagas' disease. 相似文献
37.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Screening for colonic polyps is desirable. A new concept based on cross-sectional and endoscopic analysis of a magnetic resonance (MR) data set is presented. METHODS: Ex vivo autopsy colonic specimens, containing artificially placed polyps, were obtained and filled with a gadolinium-containing solution. Forty-four thin-section MR images were obtained in a 1.5-T MR scanner in 28 seconds. A three- dimensional endoscopic fly-through of these images was rendered. Fly- throughs and two-dimensional cross-sectional images were analyzed by two observers for the presence of polyps. RESULTS: The average sensitivity and specificity for the detection of polyps based on three- dimensional endoscopic MR colon imaging were 87% and 96%, respectively. Analysis of cross-sectional images showed an overall sensitivity and specificity of merely 57% and 84%, respectively. The difference in the interpretation of three-dimensional MR colonoscopy and two-dimensional cross-sections was statistically significant (P < 0.001). With three- dimensional MR colonoscopy, overall sensitivity for detection of polyps measuring < or =5 mm in length and diameter was 70%; for larger polyps, it increased to 95% (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of an MR- based endoluminal assessment of the colon is shown. Minimal invasiveness, lack of radiation exposure, and high in vitro diagnostic accuracy warrant further investigation of this novel concept. (Gastroenterology 1997 Jun;112(6):1863-70) 相似文献
38.
Phase II trial of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma [see comments] 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kuzel TM; Hurria A; Samuelson E; Tallman MS; Roenigk HH Jr; Rademaker AW; Rosen ST 《Blood》1996,87(3):906-911
We investigated the efficacy of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) therapy in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and the Sezary syndrome (SS). Between February 1991 and November 1993, 21 patients with relapsed or refractory MF/SS were treated with 2-CdA. 2-CdA was administered by continuous intravenous infusion at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/d for 7 days initially (13 patients), but was subsequently reduced to 5 days (nine patients) due to hematologic toxicity. All patients had failed to respond to at least one prior treatment for MF/SS (median number of total prior therapies, five; median number of systemic prior therapies, three) and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of two or better. Cycles were administered at 28-day intervals. Assessable patients received at least 5 days of 2-CdA. Fourteen patients received more than one cycle of 2-CdA. An overall response rate of 28% was achieved. Three patients (14%) had a complete response with a median duration of 4.5 months (range, 2.5 to 16). Three (14%) had a partial response with a median duration of 2 months (range, 2 to 4). Fifteen patients (72%) had no response. The most significant toxicities encountered were bone marrow suppression (62% of patients) and infectious complications (62% of patients). Thirty-eight percent of patients experienced no toxicity from 2-CdA. 2-CdA has activity as a single agent in patients with previously treated relapsed MF/SS. Studies in less heavily pretreated individuals with 2-CdA alone or in combination will be undertaken. 相似文献
39.
Stefan AW Bouwense Marjan de Vries Luuk TW Schreuder S?ren S Olesen Jens B Fr?kj?r Asbj?rn M Drewes Harry van Goor Oliver HG Wilder-Smith 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2015,21(1):47-59
Pain in chronic pancreatitis(CP) shows similarities with other visceral pain syndromes(i.e.,inflammatory bowel disease and esophagitis),which should thus be managed in a similar fashion.Typical causes of CP pain include increased intrapancreatic pressure,pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic/extrapancreatic complications.Unfortunately,CP pain continues to be a major clinical challenge.It is recognized that ongoing pain may induce altered central pain processing,e.g.,central sensitization or pro-nociceptive pain modulation.When this is present conventional pain treatment targeting the nociceptive focus,e.g.,opioid analgesia or surgical/endoscopic intervention,often fails even if technically successful.If central nervous system pain processing is altered,specific treatment targeting these changes should be instituted(e.g.,gabapentinoids,ketamine or tricyclic antidepressants).Suitable tools are now available to make altered central processing visible,including quantitative sensory testing,electroencephalograpy and(functional) magnetic resonance imaging.These techniques are potentially clinically useful diagnostic tools to analyze central pain processing and thus define optimum management approaches for pain in CP and other visceral pain syndromes.The present review proposes a systematic mechanism-orientated approach to pain management in CP based on a holistic view of the mechanisms involved.Future research should address the circumstances under which central nervous system pain processing changes in CP,and how this is influenced by ongoing nociceptive input and therapies.Thus we hope to predict which patients are at risk for developing chronic pain or not responding to therapy,leading to improved treatment of chronic pain in CP and other visceral pain disorders. 相似文献
40.
Q-T prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias, with and without deafness, in the same family 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
E C Mathews A W Blount AW BLOUNT J I Townsend 《The American journal of cardiology》1972,29(5):702-711
A family with the cardio-auditory syndrome is presented to show for the first time that members can have a prolonged Q-T interval and syncope, both with and without mild congenital high-frequency deafness. The auditory and cardiac defects appear to be inherited separately and on the basis of an autosomal dominant mechanism in this family. In the propositus with Q-T interval prolongation and recurrent ventricular arrhythmias without deafness, intravenous administration of diphenylhydantoin shortened the Q-T interval. Intravenous administration of phenylephrine induced ventricular fibrillation. Cardiac pathologic examination in a sibling of the propositus who had syncope before a fatal automobile accident showed areas of fibrosis in the conduction system. 相似文献