对慢性心力衰竭患者的心肺运动试验采用非线性分析可提高预测价值：摄氧效率斜率

目的:次极量运动过程中摄氧量(VO2)的降低,妨碍了对慢性心力衰竭(CH F)患者依据峰值运动VO2预测生存情况。摄氧效率斜率(OUES)是对运动的通气反应的非线性描绘,甚至在运动早期就可能反映出异常。作者评价了OUES的生理学意义及其对CH F患者预后信息的潜在价值。方法和结果:243例     

类风湿病中左心室收缩功能障碍：一种未被认识的负荷？

目的:本研究旨在明确左心室收缩功能障碍在临床类风湿病(RD)患者中是否较正常人群中更常见,并评价脑利钠肽(BNP)的诊断价值。背景:RD患者罹患缺血性心脏病的风险增加,而采用超声心动图评估RD患者心功能不全的大型研究却少见。假定左心室收缩功能障碍在RD患者中较正常人群中更为     

兔关节软骨细胞的分离、培养和形态学特征

[目的]探讨兔关节软骨细胞的分离、培养方法,观察单层高浓度培养时细胞表型表达情况.[方法]无菌条件下,从 2周龄新西兰白兔的颞颌关节及四肢关节髁突面削取软骨片,采用机械-酶消化法分离软骨细胞,经台盼蓝拒染计数,将细胞按 1× 106个 /孔接种于 6孔培养板,传代培养,描绘生长曲线.利用相差显微镜及透射电镜观察细胞形态.应用甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化对细胞进行鉴定.[结果]每克软骨能获取 1 5× 106个软骨细胞,活性率为 95%.培养 2～ 3 d,细胞贴壁、变形,呈多角形; 8 d左右,细胞融合成层.透射电镜观察显示细胞核圆形,有丰富的粗面内质网、高尔基体及分泌的基质成分.甲苯胺蓝及Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性.细胞传至 5代后,出现"成纤维细胞样".[结论]本研究建立了简单易行的软骨细胞分离、培养方法;初代、第 2代细胞生长良好,适合于实验研究;软骨细胞 5代培养后,细胞表型发生改变.     

The influence of caloric nystagmus on flash evoked transient and steady-state potentials.

OBJECTIVE: Caloric stimulation leads to a reduction of the cerebral blood flow in the visual cortex. This reduction has been attributed to the suppression of visual input caused by nystagmus induced by caloric stimulation. We investigated the influence of caloric stimulation on transient flash and steady-state flash visual evoked potentials. METHODS: Visual evoked potentials to 1 and 10 Hz flash stimulation were recorded in 12 normal subjects at baseline, during nystagmus induced by caloric stimulation with cold water, and after the cessation of nystagmus. RESULTS: Neither the amplitude of the transient flash visual evoked potentials (1 Hz stimulation) nor the amplitude of the steady-state flash visual evoked potentials (10 Hz stimulation) was influenced by caloric stimulation compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The deactivation of the visual cortex by caloric stimulation does not seem to affect transient flash or steady-state flash visual evoked potentials. Reduction of cerebral blood flow in the visual cortex does not affect the processing of visual qualities (e.g., luminance and pattern). SIGNIFICANCE: Caloric stimulation does not reduce the amplitudes of transient flash or steady-state flash visual evoked potentials.     

Boerhaave’s syndrome: Primary repair vs. esophageal resection—Case reports and meta-analysis of the literature

Boerhaave’s syndrome is a life-threatening disease with a high mortality. With regard to the heterogeneity of treatment strategies, no comparative studies exist and recommendations remain controversial. Seventeen cases of Boerhaave’s syndrome operated on between 1989 and 2000 at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively to compare the time period between perforation and diagnosis, and the morbidity and mortality among the different treatment options. In addition, we conducted a meta-analysis of the literature including all series containing five or more patients and compared the findings with our own data. Our patients with a perforation history of less than 12 hours showed significantly fewer signs of sepsis compared to patients with a history of more than 12 hours. In a comparison of patients with primary repair vs. patients treated with esophageal resection or an exclusion operation, no differences were found. In the literature, patients with a long period of perforation (more than 24 hours) were treated more often with an esophageal resection than patients with primary repair. In cases of Boerhaave’s syndrome, primary suturing of the esophageal perforation should be reserved only for those patients presenting within 12 hours after perforation. In all other cases, depending on the extent of the tissue damage, a two-stage esophageal resection with cervical esophagostomy and gastrostomy is recommended as the safest treatment.     

首例中国可视化人体心脏三维重建及临床意义

目的 对首例中国数字化可视人体的心脏进行三维重建，为心脏疾病的影像学诊断和外科手术提供三维解剖学依据。方法 将首例中国数字化可视人体心脏部分的薄层断面(层厚1．0mm)输入SGI工作站，经数据分割、对位重建、平滑处理和三维显示等步骤，完成对心脏结构的三维重建。结果 本研究完整地重建出了心脏结构，重建的结构能够以多结构、多彩色实体模型方式显示，可显示心脏内部各结构的空间位置和毗邻关系，可在三维空间伴置上绕任意轴旋转任意角度。结论 重建出的三维图像清晰地显示了心脏内部和整体的结构，实现了心脏的二维可视化。     

长沙市小学生焦虑障碍现状调查

目的　初步了解小学儿童焦虑障碍的患病现况。方法　使用焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表 (SCARED)调查长沙市某小学 2～ 6年级的 5 6 5名小学生 ,并对量表总分≥划界分 (2 3分 )的学生进行面谈。结果　在 5 6 5名小学生 (男生2 90名 ,女生 2 75名 )中 ,SCARED筛查阳性的有 14 0名 ,占总人数的 2 4 78%。使用中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准 (第三版 ) (CCMD 3)对筛查阳性者进行面谈 ,发现符合焦虑障碍诊断标准的 32例 (男 15 ,女 17) ,患病率为 5 6 6 % ,其中儿童分离性焦虑症 7例 ,患病率为 1 2 4 % ;儿童广泛焦虑症 11例 (1 95 % ) ;儿童恐惧症 10例 (1 77% ) ;儿童社交恐惧症 14例(2 4 8% ) ;有 8例存在 2～ 3种焦虑障碍共病 ;无 1例诊断为学校恐怖症、选择性缄默症和惊恐发作。结论　在儿童中焦虑情绪存在较普遍 ,这对儿童的学习、行为、自我意识造成不良影响 ,应予以积极干预。     

Pulmonary resection for metastases from colorectal cancer

Aim: The prognosis of patients with disseminated colorectal carcinoma is poor except for those with single organ pulmonary or hepatic metastases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the result of pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal secondary and to identify the prognostic factors. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 80 patients who had pulmonary metastasectomy for pulmonary secondary from colorectal carcinoma in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. Results: The overall 5‐year and 10‐year survival rates of the entire cohort were 42.5% and 35.5%, respectively. High premetastasectomy carcinoembryonic antigen (> 20 μg/dL), short disease‐free interval (< 12 months) and incomplete resection were the independent prognostic factors. Neither the characteristics of the primary colorectal tumour nor the number of metastatic nodules had a significant contribution to the long‐term survival. Six patients underwent second pulmonary metastasectomy and three were still free from tumour recurrence after the second operation. Conclusion: Patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma would benefit from pulmonary metastasectomy. High premetastasectomy carcinoembryonic antigen and short disease‐free interval were negative predictive factors for survival. Long‐term follow‐up study is required, as recurrence can occur more than 5 years after pulmonary metastasectomy. Also, whether the survival benefit is due to surgical treatment effect or lead‐time bias remains undecided.     

全面康复:勃起功能障碍治疗的新目标

5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂有效改善勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的勃起功能。枸橼酸西地那非的应用范围不断扩展,肺动脉高压已成为新的适应证。临床研究发现,西地那非能改善多种血管性疾病患者的内皮功能。在ED领域的研究进展包括:动物实验发现,西地那非可以改善海绵体内皮功能,增强磷酸化内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)蛋白表达,逆转缺血或缺氧导致的海绵体内压(ICP)降低。临床研究证实,西地那非可以使50%以上ED患者阴茎勃起恢复到最充分的硬度(4级勃起);使50%以上保留神经的根治性前列腺切除术后患者勃起功能康复,自发产生足以性交的勃起;使ED患者的自尊心、自信心和性关系满意度等社会心理功能恢复正常。从勃起功能到社会心理功能的全面恢复可能成为今后ED治疗的新目标。     

METH1在酵母双杂交系统中的表达及对报告基因激活作用的检测

目的通过观察血管生成抑制因子METH1的cDNA片段在酵母双杂交中的表达及检测其对报告基因有无激活作用，为进一步明确METHI抑制增生性瘢痕的分子机制奠定基础。方法采用酵母双杂交Ga14系统3，经PCR扩增子METH1的cDNA片段，分别克隆入pUC19质粒，经测序正确后。再分别亚克隆入酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7中。将重组质粒导入酵母菌AH109，检测其表达产物在酵母细胞中对报告基因的激活作用。结果成功获得METH1的cDNA片段，该片段所表达的蛋白对酵母菌AH109无毒性，且对报告基因无激活作用。结论血管生成抑制因子METH1蛋白活性区在酵母双杂交系统中的表达产物。可作为诱饵蛋白进行相互作用蛋白的筛选研究。