Ascorbate-2-phosphate in red cell preservation. Clinical trials and active components

A red cell additive solution (AS-005) containing ascorbate-2-phosphate (AsP) to maintain 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, plus adenine, phosphate, and mannitol to retain viability and reduce hemolysis, was evaluated by human clinical trials. A crossover design was used with another additive solution (Nutricel AS-3, Cutter Laboratories) serving as the control for each donor. Each additive solution was evaluated at 35 and 42 days of storage. There was no significant difference between the red cell viability of the two storage solutions at either time period. Split-bag, AS-005 in vitro studies at two temperatures (2.5 and 5.5 degrees C), both within the range of 1 to 6 degrees C approved by the American Association of Blood Banks and the Food and Drug Administration, resulted in dramatically different in vitro parameters, including a threefold difference in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), a fivefold difference in glucose, and significant differences in pH and adenosine triphosphate. High-pressure liquid chromatography data confirmed the preliminary report that 1 to 2 percent (wt/wt) oxalate was present in preparations of AsP. In vitro storage data confirmed that oxalate is the active component of AsP that preserves 2,3-DPG during storage.     

小藤铃儿草的生物碱成分

自小藤铃儿草Dactylicapnos torulosa(Hook.f ct Thomas.)Hutchins中分得六个单体,通过UV,IR,MS,~1HNMR和~(13)CNMR解析,鉴定了四个,其中一个为新化合物,命名为紫金龙碱(zijinlongine,Ⅰ),其他三个为已知化合物:氯化1-甲氧基小檗碱(1-methoxylberberium chloride,Ⅱ),氯化三乙基苯胺(triethylphcnylamium chloride,Ⅲ)和异紫堇定(isocorydine,Ⅳ)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ系首次从植物中得到。     

A family showing inheritance of the Inab phenotype

An 86-year-old white American woman was found to have a very rare red cell phenotype, the Inab phenotype. Her cells were Cr(a-), Tc(a-b-c-), Dr(a-), Es(a-), WES(a-b-), and IFC-. Unlike the two other Inab phenotype patients, she has no history of protein-losing enteropathy or any similar intestinal disorder. One of her four siblings also has the Inab phenotype, providing the first evidence that this phenotype may be inherited. Serum inhibitions showed that anit-Cra, -TCa, -Dra, -WESb, and -IFC are partially inhibited by sera from three siblings with the common red cell phenotype but not by serum from the Inab phenotype sibling. The serum of the proposita contained an antibody to a high-frequency antigen that showed characteristics of being a Cromer-related antibody.     

Hemimegalencephaly: MR imaging in five children

Hemimegalencephaly is a rare brain malformation characterized by cerebral asymmetry and cortical dysplasia. Infants with the condition present with early seizures and severe encephalopathy. Five patients were studied with computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR imaging was the most efficient diagnostic method for this rare entity. It demonstrated brain hemispheric hypertrophy with lateral ventricle dilatation, abnormal gyral pattern, and a thick cortex on the enlarged side. The images correlate well with the known pathologic data.     

Renal duplication artifact in US imaging

To determine the appearance of artifactual renal duplication in ultrasound (US) imaging, the authors analyzed 22 examples of such duplication in 20 patients. The artifact appeared as a duplication of the collecting system in 18, as a suprarenal mass in three, and as upper-pole cortical thickening in one. It occurred in the left kidney in 15 patients, in the right kidney in three, and bilaterally in two. To determine the frequency of the artifact, 50 additional patients were scanned. It was identified in eight of these patients. Imaging characteristics and the results of in vitro modeling proved the artifact was due to sound beam refraction between the lower pole of the spleen or liver and adjacent fat. This artifact is much more common in the left kidney and occurs more frequently in obese patients. Knowledge of the appearance and cause of this artifact should help radiologists avoid diagnostic errors.     

细胞周期素依赖激酶4在颌骨软骨肉瘤的表达及意义

目的：分析细胞周期素依赖激酶４（ＣＤＫ４）在颌骨软骨肉瘤的表达及意义。方法利用免疫组化法检测ＣＤＫ４在２０例颌骨软骨肉瘤、８例骨软骨瘤和８例骨质增生中的表达。结果６５．０％（１３／２０）的软骨肉瘤中ＣＤＫ４呈阳性表达ＣＤＫ４表达率随病理学分级的升高呈增高趋势,但未见统计学差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）;ＣＤＫ４在骨软骨瘤和骨质增生中的阳性表达率分别为１２．５％（１／８）和０（０／８）,且均与软骨肉瘤有显性     

Mediastinal lymph node metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma: detection with MR imaging and CT

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) were compared in a prospective study of 48 patients for the detection of metastatic mediastinal lymphadenopathy from bronchogenic carcinoma. The images were interpreted by three experienced radiologists using a five-point rating scale, enabling receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Imaging results were evaluated against "truth" data based on analysis of surgical specimens from mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy. All MR images were cardiac gated to reduce cardiac motion artifacts in the mediastinum. MR and CT both performed well, as indicated by similar areas under the ROC curves of 0.779 +/- 0.039 for MR imaging and 0.781 +/- 0.038 for CT scanning. No strong correlation between nodal size and metastatic involvement could be found for either MR or CT results. As long as nodal size remains the sole criterion in the detection of metastatic mediastinal lymphadenopathy, MR imaging is unlikely to enable better interpretations than CT scanning.