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32.
KARL D NOLPH 《Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)》1996,2(S1):s151-s154
Summary: This paper summarizes the status of the worldwide peritoneal dialysis population at the end of 1994. Relative mortality risks on peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis are compared. Clearance targets for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are discussed. 相似文献
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Tissue Distribution and Toxicokinetics of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Rats after Intravenous Injection 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
WEBER LUTZ W. D.; ERNST STEFFEN W.; STAHL BERNHARD U.; ROZMAN KARL 《Toxicological sciences》1993,21(4):523-534
Tissue Distribution and Toxicokinetics of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinin Rats after Intravenous Injection. WEBER, L. W. D., ERNST,S. W., STAHL, B. U., AND ROZMAN, K. (1993). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.21, 523534. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (240290 g) received intravenouslya nonlethal (9.25 µg/kg) or a lethal (72.7 µg/kg)dose of 14C-labeled 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)administered as an emulsion. Animals were euthanized between5 min and 16 days (lethal dose) or 32 days (nonlethal dose)after treatment. Tissue distribution was considered completeafter 24 hr, as by this time radioactivity levels in white adiposetissue had reached a maximum. The highest levels of radioactivitywere found in liver (5% of dose/g tissue), followed by whitefat (1% of dose/g tissue); serum was lowest at 0.01% of dose/mlserum. Relatively high levels of radioactivity were also detectedin most known target organs of TCDD toxicity, e.g., brown fat,adrenals, and thyroid. The pattern of organ distribution ofTCDD was essentially the same after the lethal and the nonlethaldose, but did not follow a simple lipophilicity relationship,as levels in liver were higher than those in white fat, andthose in brain were extremely low. A pool of TCDD in liposomesinitially trapped in lung and spleen was redistributed within24 hr mainly to liver and adipose tissue. Affinity of TCDD tostorage fat seemed to play a more important role as a drivingforce for redistribution than did induction of cytochrome P4501A2. The terminal slope of elimination of TCDD from tissuesindicated a half-life of 16 days after the nonlethal dose. Afterthe lethal dose radioactivity declined in all tissues for 2to 8 days and then increased again, reflecting shrinking tissuevolumes as well as remobilization of TCDD caused by the processof body mass wasting. Distribution data for 17 tissues and serumwere subjected to regression analysis and resulted in up totwo uptake phases and up to three elimination phases for a giventissue. After the nonlethal dose TCDD was mainly excreted viafeces; combined urinary and fecal excretions occurred with abiological half-life of 16.3 ± 3.0 days. Much longerhalf-lives were detected in white fat and skin. After the lethaldose, the fecal excretion of TCDD-derived radioactivity decreasedafter 8 days, and urinary excretion increased starting 12 daysafter dosing. Radioactivity in liver and white fat and the extractableportion in feces was mainly unchanged TCDD, as determined bythin-layer chromatography. Radioactivity in urine indicatedthe presence of a metabolite(s) of TCDD only. 相似文献
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POHJANVIRTA RAIMO; KULJU TAUNO; MORSELT ANTONIUS F. W.; TUOMINEN RAIMO; JUVONEN RISTO; ROZMAN KARL; MANNISTO PEKKA; COLLAN YRJO; SAINIO EEVA-LIISA; TUOMISTO JOUKO 《Toxicological sciences》1989,12(4):698-712
Target Tissue Morphology and Serum Biochemistry following 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) Exposure in a TCDD-Susceptible and a TCDD-Resistant RatStrain. POHJANVIRTA, R., KULJU, T., MORSELT, A. F. W., TUOMINEN,R., JUVONEN, R., ROZMAN, K.,MÄNNISTÖ, P., COLLAN,Y., SAINIO, E.-L., AND TUOMISTO, J. (1989). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.12, 698712. The mode of action of the highly toxic environmentalcontaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is unknown.It was recently discovered that two strains of rat, Long-Evans(L-E) and Han/Wistar (H/W), differ widely in susceptibilityto TCDD. Employing this strain divergence as a probe, the presentstudy set out to assess the role of various biochemical andmorphological effects in TCDD lethality. In the main experiment,the rats were treated once ip with 0, 5, 50, or (H/W) 500 µg/kgTCDD and killed 1 to 16 days postexposure. Several target organswere evaluated by light microscopy and a number of serum lipidand carbohydrate parameters as well as a few major regulatoryhormones were analyzed. The results demonstrated that most alterationscaused by TCDD were essentially similar in both strains. TCDDreduced circulating thyroxine to a slightly greater extent andmore permanently in the sensitive L-E strain. Moreover, a highlysignificant interaction on thyroid-stimulating hormone was foundamong strain, dose. and time. Serum concentrations of corticosteroneand free fatty acids were increased only in the L-E rats given50 µg/kg TCDD, i.e., at an apparent LDl00 dose level forthis strain. Yet, the most striking interstrain difference wasseen in the liver which was distinctly affected after Day 4in L-E rats given 50 µg/kg TCDD but only marginally affectedin rats from any H/W group. The lesion, while showing no necroticcell changes, was suggestive of plasma membrane damage, possiblyreflecting the production of free radicals. The relation ofthe findings to possible mechanisms of TCDD action is discussed. 相似文献
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36.
Incidence of Significant Delayed Esophageal Temperature Drop After Cryoballoon‐Based Pulmonary Vein Isolation 下载免费PDF全文
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K. R. JULIAN CHUN M.D. † ALEXANDER FÜRNKRANZ M.D. † REAS METZNER M.D. † BORIS SCHMIDT M.D. † ROLAND TILZ M.D. † THOMAS ZERM M.D. † ILKA KÖSTER M.D. † DIETER NUYENS M.D. † ERIK WISSNER M.D. † FEIFAN OUYANG M.D. † KARL HEINZ KUCK M.D. † 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》2009,20(11):1203-1210
Introduction: Cryoballoon (CB) ablation represents a novel technology for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). We investigated feasibility and safety of CB-PVI, utilizing a novel spiral catheter (SC), thereby obtaining real-time PV potential registration.
Methods: Following double transseptal puncture, a Lasso catheter (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) and the 28 mm CB were positioned within the left atrium. A novel SC (Promap, ProRhythm Inc., Ronkonkoma, NY, USA) was inserted through the lumen of the CB allowing PV signal registration during treatment. Time to PV conduction block was analyzed. If no stable balloon position was obtained, the SC was exchanged for a regular guide wire and PV conduction was assessed after treatment by Lasso catheter.
Results: In 18 patients, 39 of 72 PVs (54%) were successfully isolated using the SC. The remaining 33 PVs were isolated switching to the regular guide wire. Time to PV conduction block was significantly shorter in PVs in which sustained PVI was achieved as compared to PVs in which PV conduction recovered within 30 minutes (33 ± 21 seconds vs 99 ± 65 seconds). In 40 PVs, time to PV conduction block was not obtained because of: (1) PVI not being achieved during initial treatment; (2) a distal position of the SC; or (3) isolation with regular guide wire. No procedural complications occurred.
Conclusion: Visualization of real-time PV conduction during CB PVI is safe, feasible, and allows accurate timing of PVI onset in a subset of PVs. Time to PV conduction block predicts sustained PVI. However, mechanical properties of the SC need to be improved to further simplify CB PVI. 相似文献
Methods: Following double transseptal puncture, a Lasso catheter (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) and the 28 mm CB were positioned within the left atrium. A novel SC (Promap, ProRhythm Inc., Ronkonkoma, NY, USA) was inserted through the lumen of the CB allowing PV signal registration during treatment. Time to PV conduction block was analyzed. If no stable balloon position was obtained, the SC was exchanged for a regular guide wire and PV conduction was assessed after treatment by Lasso catheter.
Results: In 18 patients, 39 of 72 PVs (54%) were successfully isolated using the SC. The remaining 33 PVs were isolated switching to the regular guide wire. Time to PV conduction block was significantly shorter in PVs in which sustained PVI was achieved as compared to PVs in which PV conduction recovered within 30 minutes (33 ± 21 seconds vs 99 ± 65 seconds). In 40 PVs, time to PV conduction block was not obtained because of: (1) PVI not being achieved during initial treatment; (2) a distal position of the SC; or (3) isolation with regular guide wire. No procedural complications occurred.
Conclusion: Visualization of real-time PV conduction during CB PVI is safe, feasible, and allows accurate timing of PVI onset in a subset of PVs. Time to PV conduction block predicts sustained PVI. However, mechanical properties of the SC need to be improved to further simplify CB PVI. 相似文献
39.
ALEXANDER FÜRNKRANZ M.D. K.R. JULIAN CHUN M.D. ANDREAS METZNER M.D. DIETER NUYENS M.D. Ph.D. BORIS SCHMIDT M.D. ANDRE BURCHARD M.D. ROLAND TILZ M.D. FEIFAN OUYANG M.D. KARL HEINZ KUCK M.D. 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》2010,21(8):869-874
Esophageal Effects of Single Big Cryoballoon PVI. Introduction: Reversible esophageal thermal lesions after cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation (CB‐PVI) have been reported when using variable balloon sizes. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) the incidence of esophageal thermal lesions, and (2) esophageal temperature changes associated with CB‐PVI using the single big cryoballoon technique. Methods and Results: Thirty‐eight patients with atrial fibrillation underwent successful CB‐PVI using only the 28 mm cryoballoon. Luminal esophageal temperature (LET) was continuously monitored by 3 thermocouples. Fluoroscopic distance from cryoballoon to esophagus probe was retrospectively evaluated in RAO 30° and LAO 40° projections. All patients underwent postprocedural esophageal endoscopy. Average minimal LET was lower during freezing at inferior PVs, when compared to superior PVs: 35.4 ± 0.9 (range: 32.6 to 37.4; RSPV); 31.5 ± 7.5 (2.5 to 37.6; RIPV); 32.9 ± 5.2 (8.5 to 36.5; LSPV); and 30.3 ± 8.4°C (?6 to 36.7°C; LIPV); P = 0.001. We found steep temperature gradients over distance (1) from the cryoballoon center (LETs < 10°C confined to a distance of < 15 mm in both RAO 30° and LAO 40° projections), and (2) along the esophagus long axis, underscoring the need for multiple measurement sites. None of the patients showed esophageal thermal lesions at endoscopy after 3 ± 1 (range 1–7) days. No AEF occurred during a follow‐up of 125 ± 78 days. Conclusion: In a cohort of AF patients treated by the single big cryoballoon technique, CB‐PVI was not associated with thermal esophageal lesions. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 869‐874, August 2010) 相似文献
40.
ABOU-DONIA MOHAMED B.; WILMARTH KENNETH R.; ABDEL-RAHMAN ALI A.; JENSEN KARL F.; OEHME FREDERICK W.; KURT THOMAS L. 《Toxicological sciences》1996,34(2):201-222
The operating environment of the service personnel during thePersian Gulf War involved psychological, biological, and chemicalelements including exposure to pesticides such as the insectrepellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and the insecticidechlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridinyl phosphorothioate)and to pyridostigmine bromide (PB, 3-dimethylaminocarbonyloxy-N-methylpyridiniumbromide) that was administered as a prophylactic agent againstpossible nerve gas attack. The present study was designed todetermine the toxicity produced by individual or coexposureof hens 5 days/week for 2 months to 5 mg PB/kg/day in water,by gavage; 500 mg DEET/kg/day, neat, sc; and 10 mg chlorpyrifoskg/day in corn oil, sc. Coexposure to various binary treatmentsproduced greater neurotoxicity than that caused by individualexposures and was characterized by severe neurologic deficitand neuropathological alterations. Also, neurotoxicity was furtherenhanced following concurrent administration of the three chemicals.Severe inhibition of plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activitywas produced in hens treated with PB (activity 17% of control)compared to those treated with chlorpyrifos (activity 51% ofcontrol) or DEET (activity 83% of control). BuChE inhibitionwas further increased in binary and tertiary treatment groupscompared to individual treatment groups. In contrast, a significantinhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was producedin hens administered chlorpyrifos alone (activity 67% of control),while those given chlorpyrifos in combination with other compoundsexhibited a significant inhibition of brain AChE activity rangingfrom 43 to 76%. Brain neurotoxicity target esterase (NTE) wasnot inhibited in any of the individual treatment groups or PBIDEET,but was significantly inhibited and had activity expressed asa percentage of control in groups administered combined chlorpyrifoswith PB of 73% or DEET of 74% and in the tertiary treatmentgroup of 71%. We hypothesize that test compounds may competefor xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the liver and blood andmay also compromise the integrity of the blood-brain barrier,leading to an increase in their "effective con centrations"in the nervous system to levels equivalent to the toxic dosesof individual compounds. This is consistent with the presentobservation of increases in (1) the inhibition of brain AChEand NTE, (2) the extent of neurologic dysfunction, and (3) theseverity and frequency of neuropathologic lesions in the combinedtreat ment groups compared to those administered individualcompounds. 相似文献