再植指晚期骨与关节畸形

目的　探讨断指再植后晚期骨与关节畸形的发生原因和矫治方法 ,并提出相应的预防措施。方法　 1990年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 5月 ,对 3 2 8个再植指进行长期随访 ,发现 85指晚期并发骨与关节畸形 ,对畸形发生的原因进行回顾性分析 ,并对其中 5 4指进行了各类修复和重建手术。结果　再植指晚期骨与关节畸形的发生原因包括 :内固定使用不当、骨与关节处理欠妥、肌腱粘连或修复不牢固、瘢痕挛缩、受伤机制的影响和小儿骨骺损伤等。 5 4指经功能重建术后 ,其功能评分较术前显著提高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　断指再植后晚期并发骨与关节畸形的几率较高 ,在再植术中应用各种预防手段 ,可有效降低畸形的发生 ,从而提高再植指的功能。     

Pathophysiology of urinary dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

Neurological Sciences - Bladder and urethra are innervated peripherally by pelvic parasympathetic, lumbar sympathetic and pudendal nerves; but a complex of brain networks is involved in the...     

反义AKT2 RNA抑制U251胶质瘤细胞生长的体内外研究

目的 研究反义AKT2RNA对U251人脑胶质瘤细胞在体内外的生长抑制效用。方法 将逆转录病毒pLXSN为载体的反义AKT2构建体转染U251人脑胶质瘤细胞系，应用蛋白印记确定基因转染前后AKT2的表达水平。流式细胞法与Matrigel基质生长实验评价肿瘤细胞转染前后的增殖活性。进一步应用裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型观察脂质体介导pLXSN、pLXSN-AS-AKT2基因治疗对U251细胞生长抑制作用。在28d的观察期内定期测量皮下肿瘤体积，对肿瘤标本应用免疫组化的方法进行AKT2和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达比较。结果 脂质体介导pLXSN-AS-AKT2可显著抑制U251细胞AKT2表达。与对照组和pLXSN转染组比较，细胞周期分析结果表明AK—AKT2转染组进入S期的细胞数减少了8．5％～8．9％，而进入G0＋G1期细胞则增加了7．9％～8．6％。Matrigel基质生长实验显示对照组和pLXSN转染组细胞呈正常形态贴壁生长，而AS～AKT2转染组细胞不能贴壁生长，呈团块状簇集生长。裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型实验显示pLXSN-AS-AKT2显著抑制皮下肿瘤生长，组织病理学分析显示AS-AKT2转染组AKT2表达下降而GFAP表达上调。结论 体内外实验证明反义AKT2方法在抗胶质瘤增殖方面作用重要，AKT2可作为基因治疗胶质瘤的优选靶标。     

Correlation of serum metalloproteinase levels with lung cancer metastasis and response to therapy.

Cancer cells elaborate metalloproteinases which may play a role in invasion and metastasis. The serum level of the M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase (MMP-2) was measured in 87 lung cancer patients. Stage IV cancer levels were significantly elevated (P less than 0.0001) compared to normal sera. A significant difference (P less than 0.01) was found between enzyme levels in the presence versus the absence of distant metastasis. For 29 patients treated with combination chemotherapy, a positive relationship was noted between response failure and elevated enzyme levels. Serum metalloproteinase levels may provide information relevant to prognosis as well as treatment decisions.     

Non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease by dobutamine-stress echocardiography in children after heart transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Coronary vasculopathy is the main cause of cardiac graft failure. Because yearly coronary angiography is invasive in children, a non-invasive method for detecting graft vasculopathy is needed. The aim of this study was to test dobutamine-stress echocardiography in a pediatric population to determine its feasibility, safety and reliability in the detection of graft coronary artery disease. METHODS: Eighteen patients, aged 2 days to 16.8 years at transplantation (mean 8.4 years), underwent 44 dobutamine-stress echocardiography (DSE) exams, at a follow-up of 1.1 to 11.8 years (mean 5.1 years). Selective coronary angiography was performed for comparison. Echocardiographic recordings were obtained in 4 standard views of the left ventricle and measurements carried out within the frames of a 16-segment model. Segmental scores of contractility were obtained for each segment and a total segmental contractility index was calculated at each stage. RESULTS: All patients reached the maximum dose stage. Maximum heart rate was 57% to 90% of predicted maximum. Maximum systolic blood pressure reached 190 mmHg. Segmental scores were normal in 37 and abnormal in 7 cases. Echographic results were concordant with angiography in 82% and discordant in 18% of the cases (4 negative DSEs with minor angiographic lesions, 2 positive DSEs with normal angiography), but there was no significant angiographic lesion with normal DSE. CONCLUSIONS: DSE is a safe and highly feasible non-invasive technique in transplanted children. A normal DSE study successfully predicts the absence of significant coronary artery disease in the post-transplant population.     

FK506和RS-61443对大鼠异体肢体移植的联合免疫抑制作用

目的　通过大鼠异体肢体移植模型 ,旨在分析 FK5 0 6和 RS- 6 14 4 3对大鼠异体肢体移植中急性排斥反应的免疫抑制作用。　方法　选择雄性 Wistar和 SD大鼠为供、受体 ,以 FK5 0 6和 RS- 6 14 4 3为免疫抑制剂 ,对照组为术后不用药组 ,实验组根据用药剂量和药物不同分为 6组 ,各组用药时间均为 5周 (每日 1次共 2周 ,然后每周 2次共 3周 ) ,进行了 10 1例异体肢体移植动物实验。观察大鼠一般情况、移植肢体排斥反应及存活时间。　结果　对照组肢体平均存活时间为 (7.0 0± 0 .78)天 ;实验组 1～ 6组移植肢体平均存活时间分别为 (17.0 8± 4 .5 0、2 3.2 0± 5 .0 5、11.19±2 .2 8、16 .33± 1.83、13.33± 3.2 2和 5 8.76± 6 .81)天。　结论　 FK5 0 6和 RS- 6 14 4 3能抑制大鼠同种异体肢体移植术后急性移植排斥反应的发生 ,并能延长移植肢体的存活时间。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植对脊髓损伤的修复作用

目的初步探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）静脉移植对脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复和神经修复的影响。方法体外培养BMSCs，改良Allen法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型，经尾静脉移植Brdu标记的BMSCs，损伤后24h、移植后1、3、5周评价实验动物的神经功能状况，并检测BMSCs在体内迁移、存活以及分化情况，电子显微镜观察组织形态学变化。结果移植的BMSCs在宿主损伤脊髓中聚集并存活，3～5周后有部分移植细胞表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、神经丝蛋白（NF）、微管相关蛋白（MAP2）；BMSCs静脉移植组大鼠运动功能改善，BBB评分高于对照组（P〈0．05）；5周后组织学观察，与对照组相比移植组损伤区脊髓结构较完整。结论BMSCs经静脉移植后可向脊髓损伤处聚集并存活分化，促进神经修复及神经功能的恢复。     

Sodium removal and sodium concentration during peritoneal dialysis: effects of three methods of sodium measurement.

BACKGROUND: Sodium removal (NaR) may have a major impact on the survival of peritoneal dialysis patients. The dialysate/plasma sodium concentration ratio (D/P(Na)) is an indirect index of transcellular water transport by aquaporin channels, and thus of ultrafiltration. Sodium concentration can be assessed by means of flame photometry (F), and direct (D-ISE) or indirect ion-selective electrodes (I-ISE), but these methods have different properties. I-ISE is being used increasingly in clinical laboratories. The aim of this study was to evaluate NaR and D/P(Na) using the three different measurement methods. METHODS: We performed peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) in 44 peritoneal dialysis patients and calculated the NaR. We also calculated D/P(Na) during the test; plasma and dialysate sodium concentrations were measured by F, D-ISE and I-ISE. RESULTS: NaR was lower (P<0.001) with D-ISE (69+/-29 mmol) than with F (81+/-29 mmol) or I-ISE (79+/-28 mmol). D/P(Na) was also lower at baseline (0.92+/-0.02 vs 0.95+/-0.02 and 0.95+/-0.02; P<0.001), after 60 min (0.87+/-0.03 vs 0.90+/-0.03 and 0.90+/-0.03; P<0.001) and at the end of PET (0.88+/-0.04 vs 0.92+/-0.04 and 0.92+/-0.04; P<0.001) when measured by D-ISE in comparison with F and I-ISE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: NaR and D/P(Na) were lower when measured by the D-ISE method compared with the F and I-ISE methods. NaR and D/P(Na) were similar when measured by F or I-ISE. I-ISE can be used reliably in the evaluation of NaR and D/P(Na) in everyday clinical practice of peritoneal dialysis.     

Fine-needle aspiration biopsies of breast masses. An additional experience with 1153 cases (1985 to 1988) and a meta-analysis.

A series of 1153 fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) of breast masses obtained during the period 1985 to 1988 in one institution was examined. The following diagnostic accuracy values were found: sensitivity, 93.0%; specificity, 92.4%; predictive positive value, 93.7%; and efficiency, 92.8%. These results were compared with a previously published series for the period 1976 to 1984. The diagnostic accuracy values did not differ significantly between the two series.