Involvement of IL-1beta in acute stress-induced worsening of cerebral ischaemia in rats.

Stress is known to be one of the risk factors of stroke. Most of the knowledge on the effects of stress on cerebrovascular disease in humans is restricted to catecholamines and glucocorticoids effects on blood pressure and/or development of atherosclerosis. However, few experimental studies have examined the possible mechanisms by which stress may affect stroke outcome. We have used an acute stress protocol consisting of the exposure of male Fischer rats to an acute, single exposure immobilisation protocol (6 h) prior to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and we have found that stress worsens behavioural and neurological outcomes and increased infarct size after MCAO. The possible regulatory role of the TNFalpha and IL-1beta was studied by looking at the release of these cytokines in brain. The results of the present study showed an increase in IL-1beta release in cerebral cortex after exposure to acute stress. Brain levels of IL-1beta are also higher in previously stressed MCAO rats than in MCAO animals without stress. Pharmacological blockade of IL-1beta with an antibody anti-IL-1beta led to a decrease in the infarct size as well as in neurological and behavioural deficits after MCAO. In summary, our results indicate that IL-1beta, but not TNFalpha, accounts at least partly for the worsening of MCAO consequences in brain of rats exposed to acute stress.     

Metabolic expression of intrinsic developmental programs for dentine and enamel biomineralization in serumless,chemically-defined,organotypic culture

Summary Biomineralization was investigated using embryonic mouse mandibular first molars (M₁) cultured in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum. Metabolic features including cell division and Ca²⁺ and phosphate incorporation into dentine and enamel extracellular matrices were analyzed. The relative timing and magnitude of DNA synthesis for serumless cultures was comparable toin vivo controls. Isotopic calcium and phosphate incorporation into the mineral phase of dentine and enamel matrices, in the absence of serum, fluctuated during development. Molar tooth morphogenesis, cytodifferentiation, and extracellular matrix formation approximated late crown-stage development in serumless cultures. Von Kossa histochemical staining indicated calcium phosphate salt formation in serumless cultures. Analysis of anhydrous fixation-prepared enamel and dentine representing serumless cultured explants indicated that crystal size and orientation were comparable toin vivo enamel and dentine. In contrast, serum-supplemented cultures showed atypical crystal size and orientation. Calcium/phosphorous (Ca/P) ratio values for serumless cultures after 21 days showed Ca/P enamel values of 2.03 (SD±0.04, p<0.025) and dentine values of 1.89 (SD±0.01, p<0.025). Electron diffraction patterns of enamel and dentine formed in serumless cultures were principally those of highly-ordered crystalline hydroxyapatite. Our results suggest that tissue-specific dentine and enamel biomineralization is regulated by endogenous factors intrinsic to the developmental program of embryonic tooth organs during serumless culture.     

Onychopathy in a Patient with Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome

Abstract: Hydantoin is an anticonvulsant drug with several side effects. A teralogenic potential has been suggested. The fetal hydantoin syndrome is an entity that consists of a broad range of morphologic and developmental disorders in children born of epileptic mothers exposed to hydantoin during pregnancy. We treated a girl in whom onychopathy was a monosymptomatic or mild form of this syndrome.     

护生自身练习护理操作的伦理问题及对策

自身练习护理操作就是以护生作为练习对象,相互间在各自身上完成注射、输液等操作练习项目,以达到教学要求[1]。在基础护理的教学中,自身练习对于调动护生的参与感,增加真实感,满足成就感方面起着十分重要的作用。但是,也必须看到在积极效果背后的种种矛盾以及由这些矛盾可能导     

Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against Penicillium marneffei]

OBJECTIVE: To prepare and identify monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Penicillium marneffei. METHODS: Recombinant mannoprotein1 (MP1) of Penicillium marneffei was used to immunize BALB/c mice, and anti-MP1 mAbs were obtained by means of hybridoma. Screening and identification of the mAbs were subsequently performed with indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Four hybridomas producing antibodies against Penicillium marneffei were obtained, and the IgG isotypes of the 4 mAbs were identified as IgG1 with affinity constants (K) of 8.2x10(-9), 4.7x10(-9), 6.5x10(-9) and 2.7x10(-9), respectively. Western blotting demonstrated specific recognition of Aspergillus fumigatus MP1 by the obtained mAbs. CONCLUSION: The 4 hybridomas producing anti-MP1 mAbs with high specificity and affinity can be of significant value in the diagnosis of Penicilliosis marneffei infections.     

高效液相色谱法测定峰丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定蜂丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量的方法。　方法　采用YWGC18分析色谱柱 ( 4 6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,粒径 10 μm) ,C18保护柱 ( 4 6mmID× 5mm ,粒径 10 μm) ,流动相 10 %乙腈 ( 0 5 %三乙胺 ,磷酸调pH3 0 ) ,流速 1 0ml/min ,检测波长 2 0 8nm ,测定对照品和样品色谱图 ,记录盐酸麻黄碱色谱峰面积 ,计算其含量。　结果　盐酸麻黄碱的理论板数为 10 0 0 0。回归方程 :y =90 5 878 16 15 1738x ,r=0 9999,线性范围 0 4 0 32～ 1 6 13μg。平均回收率为 99 2 % (RSD1 6 % )。　结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于测定蜂丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量     

MR扩散加权成像鉴别脑结核瘤及高级星形细胞瘤和脑转移瘤的价值

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像（DWI）在脑结核瘤、高级星形细胞瘤和脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法14例脑结核瘤、15例脑高级星形细胞瘤和21例脑转移瘤患者，在术前或接受治疗前行常规MRI和DWI。测量并计算3种疾病瘤体、瘤周围水肿带的平均表观扩散系数（ADC）值和病灶与对侧相应部位正常脑白质区ADC值的比值（rADC值）。结果脑结核瘤瘤体平均ADC值和rADC值分别为（1．2±0．2）×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和1．6±0．3，高级星形细胞瘤瘤体平均ADC值和rADC值分别为（0．8±0．1）×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和1．1±0．1，转移瘤瘤体平均ADC值和rADC值分别为（0．8±0．1）×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和1．0±0．2。3种疾病瘤体平均ADC值（F=33．57，P〈0．01）之间和rADC值（F=33．27，P〈0．01）之间差异均有统计学意义。脑结核瘤瘤周水肿带平均ADC值和rADC值分别为（1．8±0．1）×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和2．5±0．2，脑高级星形细胞瘤瘤周水肿带平均ADC值和rADC值分别为（1．4±0．2）×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和1．8±0．3，脑转移瘤瘤周水肿带平均ADC值和rADC值分别为（1．9±0．2）×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和2．3±0．5。3种疾病瘤周围水肿带平均ADC值（F=23．17，P〈0．01）之间和rADC值（F=5．94，P〈0．01）之间差异均有统计学意义。结论结合MRI、DWI检测方法，根据病灶瘤体和瘤周水肿带的ADC和rADC值可帮助鉴别脑结核瘤、脑高级星形细胞瘤和脑转移瘤。     

Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Process, format, and clinimetric testing plan.

This article presents the revision process, major innovations, and clinimetric testing program for the Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), known as the MDS-UPDRS. The UPDRS is the most widely used scale for the clinical study of Parkinson's disease (PD). The MDS previously organized a critique of the UPDRS, which cited many strengths, but recommended revision of the scale to accommodate new advances and to resolve problematic areas. An MDS-UPDRS committee prepared the revision using the recommendations of the published critique of the scale. Subcommittees developed new material that was reviewed by the entire committee. A 1-day face-to-face committee meeting was organized to resolve areas of debate and to arrive at a working draft ready for clinimetric testing. The MDS-UPDRS retains the UPDRS structure of four parts with a total summed score, but the parts have been modified to provide a section that integrates nonmotor elements of PD: I, Nonmotor Experiences of Daily Living; II, Motor Experiences of Daily Living; III, Motor Examination; and IV, Motor Complications. All items have five response options with uniform anchors of 0 = normal, 1 = slight, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, and 4 = severe. Several questions in Part I and all of Part II are written as a patient/caregiver questionnaire, so that the total rater time should remain approximately 30 minutes. Detailed instructions for testing and data acquisition accompany the MDS-UPDRS in order to increase uniform usage. Multiple language editions are planned. A three-part clinimetric program will provide testing of reliability, validity, and responsiveness to interventions. Although the MDS-UPDRS will not be published until it has successfully passed clinimetric testing, explanation of the process, key changes, and clinimetric programs allow clinicians and researchers to understand and participate in the revision process.