关于孔子心理学思想的认识

本文根据心理学的基本观点，讨论了孔子的心理学思想，着重讨论了孔子学习心理学思想，普通心理学的思想，社会心理学的思想，建议我们应继承和发扬我国优秀的文化遗产和传统，挖掘其积极价值，促进我国心理学的发展。     

WD患者ATP7B基因exon8 DNA突变检测方法的研究

目的对肝豆状核变性(又称Wilson病,WD)ATP7B基因的突变热点外显子8进行PCR扩增产物Msp I酶切和电泳分析及DNA直接双向测序,进而对实验中的方法进行优化研究。方法对102例患者和20例健康人提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增ATP7B基因第8号外显子,扩增产物进行Msp I酶切反应,并进行DNA直接双向测序;讨论分析改进PCR扩增、Msp I酶切的方法学,并对测序结果与临床表型做相关性研究。结果102例WD患者,用反复多次改进的实验方法研究分析后,发现35例存在Msp I酶切结果异常并经测序证实,8号外显子Arg778Leu纯合突变占所有WD病人的34.31%,其中1例伴Leu770Leu多态性同义突变;对照组未检出突变。结论改进实验方法后发现PCR扩增良好,适宜测序;WD突变热点8号外显子中Arg778Leu为主要突变形式,PCR-Msp I酶切反应可作为WD病人ATP7B8号外显子Arg778Leu突变的筛选方法,直接双向测序是确定8号外显子突变位点的可靠方法之一。     

青蒿琥酯抑制人食管癌Eca-109细胞系的CDC25A表达

目的观察青蒿琥酯（artesunate，Art）对人食管癌Eca-109细胞系的抑瘤作用，并进一步探讨ATt诱导肿瘤细胞周期阻滞与CDC25A、TGF-β表达的关系。方法体外培养人食管癌Eca-109细胞系及正常人外周血单个核细胞（hPBMC），利用MTT法测定细胞增殖；采用流式细胞术（FCM）测定细胞周期；应用RT．PCR方法检测CDC25AmRNA表达，应用Western blot方法检测蛋白表达。结果Art能显著抑制Eca-109细胞的增殖，ICS0为（68．80±0．76）μmol／L，而对hPBMC的增殖则没有明显抑制作用。低浓度Art可将细胞阻滞于G0／G1期，S期细胞显著减少，当浓度达到100μmol／L时，细胞阻滞于G2／M期。Art可显著抑制Eca-109细胞CDC25AmRNA及蛋白表达，同时显著上调TGF-β的蛋白表达水平。结论Art可抑制肿瘤细胞生长，上调TGF-β表达，抑制CDC25A表达。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ经AT1受体和ERK1/2上调心肌细胞Cx43间隙连接

目的：探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ对培养新生鼠心室肌细胞Cx43间隙连接的影响及其机制。 方法： AngⅡ处理培养心肌细胞24 h。缬沙坦、PD98059在AngⅡ刺激细胞前1 h加到培养基中，对照组加等体积药物溶剂DMSO。用Western blotting分析、代谢标记和免疫沉淀测定、电镜观察心肌细胞Cx43表达、合成和间隙连接。 结果： Western blotting分析显示用10-9-10-6 mol/L AngⅡ刺激细胞24 h，Cx43的表达与对照组相比呈浓度依赖性增加；用AngⅡ 0.1 μmol/L刺激心肌细胞24 h，磷酸化ERK1/2(P-ERK1/2)活性高于对照组（P<0.01），AT1受体拮抗剂缬沙坦（1 μmol/L）能完全阻断AngⅡ增加P-ERK1/2活性；用AngⅡ 0.1 μmol/L刺激心肌细胞24 h，Cx43表达及P-ERK1/2活性均高于对照组(P<0.01)，ERK1/2激酶特异性抑制剂PD98059(1 μmol/L) 能阻断AngⅡ上调Cx43表达和增加P-ERK1/2活性。代谢标记和免疫沉淀测定显示AngⅡ处理组放射渗入Cx43的量明显高于对照组（P<0.01）,缬沙坦(1 μmol/L)能完全阻断AngⅡ增加放射渗入Cx43的量。电镜观察表明用AngⅡ 0.1 μmol/L刺激心肌细胞24 h，AngⅡ处理组细胞间隙连接数目和大小大于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论： AngⅡ通过AT1受体和ERK1/2促进培养心肌细胞合成Cx43，上调Cx43表达和增加间隙连接数目及大小。     

食管鳞状细胞癌p53基因突变与p53蛋白过度表达的关系

p53基因是各种人类肿瘤包括食管癌中最常见有突变的基因之一。我们应用激光显微切割,聚合酶链反应（PCR）-杂合性缺失（LOH）,PCR-单链构象多态性分析（SSCP）,p53测序及免疫组织化学方法,检测了食管癌高发区中国山西省的56例患者食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）中p53基因缺失、突变及p53蛋白表达情况,旨在更好理解p53基因突变等变化在食管癌发生发展过程中的作用。     

Windows环境下步进电机匀加速的实现与计算机程序设计

本文主要介绍了奔腾计算机和步进电机的接口电路,提出了步进电机匀加速的控制算法,探讨了在 Windows 环境下以 Visual C++实现步进电机匀加速的实现途径和多任务环境下匀加速程序的设计方法。     

37℃凝血温度下正常人和哮喘患者血清ECP水平的测定

室温（２０℃）是广泛接受的血清ＥＣＰ测定凝血温度，但存在一些问题。设想体温３７℃可能是血清ＥＣＰ测定的有效凝血温度。为此，对６８例急性发作的哮喘患者在３７℃凝血温度下血清ＥＣＰ水平进行分析，比较凝血温度分别为２０℃和３７℃时同一患者血样本的ＥＣＰ水平变化，结果发现３７℃下哮喘患者血清ＥＣＰ水平（５０．９±３．１８μｇ／Ｌ）显著高于正常对照（１７．２７±１．３６μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）。在６８例病人中，３７℃凝血下有２８人血清ＥＣＰ水平高于正常值，而２０℃凝血下只有１７人血清ＥＣＰ水平高于正常值，两者间存在显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３７℃凝血温度下血清ＥＣＰ水平与哮喘症状计分显著相关（ｒ＝０．７７，Ｐ＜０．０１）。此外，尚测定了３７℃凝血温度下１０１位１０～５０岁的健康人血清ＥＣＰ水平，结果显示３７℃下正常人血清ＥＣＰ水平的几何均数是１７．８１μｇ／Ｌ，血清ＥＣＰ水平的正常值为７０μｇ／Ｌ以下（９５％的可信限）。本研究表明，在血清ＥＣＰ的测定中设凝血温度为３７℃不仅是有效、简化的方法，而且还可减少哮喘患者血清ＥＣＰ水平的假阴性。     

大鼠受损视神经中神经前体细胞的变化及预变性腓总神经的调节

为了研究大鼠受损视神经内神经前体细胞的变化及调节,本研究建立了成年雄性大鼠视神经损伤及自体腓总神经移植模型,分正常组、损伤组和移植组,体外培养视神经的神经前体细胞,在相差显微镜下观测各组神经前体细胞神经球的形态和数目,以免疫荧光细胞化学方法对神经球细胞进行鉴定。结果显示:正常组神经球较小、较少,多数细胞表达nestin、GFAP或半乳糖脑苷脂(GC);视神经损伤后神经球的总数有所增加,但大神经球数明显减少,nestin、GFAP或GC阳性细胞也明显减少;神经移植后增加了各类神经球数,nestin、GFAP或GC阳性细胞也明显增加。本研究提示成年大鼠视神经内神经前体细胞较少,增殖能力较弱;视神经损伤也伤及其神经前体细胞并抑制其增殖;自体神经移植能保护神经前体细胞并促进其增殖。     

XRCC1、hOGG1基因多态性与喉癌遗传易感性的关系

目的 探讨X线修复交叉互补组1基因(X-ray repair cross complementing group 1,XRCC1)、8-羟基鸟嘌呤修复酶基因(human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase I,hOGG1)多态性与喉癌遗传易感性的关系.方法 采用病例-对照设计,应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析法检测了72例经病理确诊的喉癌患者和随机抽样的72例无肿瘤、无遗传病对照者XRCC1-Arg399Gln、hOGG1-Ser326Cys多态性.结果 病例组XRCC1第399位密码子杂合型(Arg/Gln)及突变型(Gln/Gln)和hOGG1第326位密码子杂合型(Ser/Cys)及突变型(Cys/Cys)分布频率均高于对照组(P＜0.05),与携带XRCC1-399野生型(Arg/Arg)、hOGG1-326野生型(Ser/Ser)个体相比,携带该基因型的个体喉癌的发病风险分别升高了3.37和2.54倍.交互作用分析显示,吸烟组与不吸烟组相比,携带XRCC1、hOGG1各基因型的个体的喉癌发病风险差异未发现存在统计学意义(xH12=0.15,xH22=0.28,P＞0.05).结论 XRCC1-399位点Arg→Gln和hOGG1-326位点Ser→Cys的氨基酸替换可能导致喉癌的发病风险增加,XRCC1-Arg399Gln、hOGG1-Ser326Cys多态性可能与喉癌的遗传易感性有关.     

Effects of pulsatile shear stress on signaling mechanisms controlling nitric oxide production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation, and expression in ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial cells.

During gestation, placental blood flow, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression are elevated dramatically. Shear stress can induce flow-mediated vasodilation, endothelial NO production, and eNOS expression. Both the activity and expression of eNOS are closely regulated because it is the rate-limiting enzyme essential for NO synthesis. The authors adapted CELLMAX artificial capillary modules to study the effects of pulsatile flow/shear stress on ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial (OFPAE) cell NO production, eNOS expression, and eNOS phosphorylation. This model allows for the adaptation of endothelial cells to low physiological flow environments and thus prolonged shear stresses. The cells were grown to confluence at 3 dynes/cm2, then were exposed to 10, 15, or 25 dynes/cm2 for up to 24 h and NO production, eNOS mRNA, and eNOS protein expression were elevated by shear stress in a graded fashion (p < .05). Production of NO by OFPAE cells exposed to pulsatile shear stress was de novo; i.e., inhibited by L-NMMA (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine) and reversed by excess NOS substrate L-arginine. Rises in NO production at 25 dynes/cm2 (8-fold) exceeded (p < .05) that seen for eNOS protein (3.6-fold) or eNOS mRNA (1.5-fold). Acute rises in NO production with shear stress occurred by eNOS activation, whereas prolonged NO rises were via elevations in both eNOS expression and enzyme activation. The authors therefore used Western analysis to investigate the signaling mechanisms underlying pulsatile shear stress-induced increases in eNOS phosphorylation and protein expression by "flow-adapted" OFPAE cells. Increasing shear stress from 3 to 15 dynes/cm2 very rapidly increased eNOS Ser1177, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2) and Akt, but not p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation by Western analysis. Phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1177 under shear stress was elevated by 20 min, a response that was blocked by PI-3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002, but not the MEK (MAPK kinase) inhibitor UO126. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhanced eNOS protein levels in static culture via a MEK-mediated mechanism, but it could not further augment the elevated eNOS protein levels induced by 15 dynes/cm2 shear stress. Blocking of either signaling pathways or p38 MAPK did not change the shear stress-induced increase in eNOS protein levels. Therefore, shear stress induced rapid eNOS phosphorylation on Ser1177 in OFPAE cells through a PI-3K-dependent pathway. The bFGF-induced rise in eNOS protein levels in static culture was much less than those observed under flow and was blocked by inhibiting MEK. Prolonged shear stress-stimulated increases in eNOS protein levels were not affected by inhibition of MEK- or PI-3K-mediated pathways. In conclusion, pulsatile shear stress greatly induces NO production by OFPAE cells through the mechanisms of both PI-3K-mediated eNOS activation and elevations in eNOS protein levels; bFGF does not further stimulate eNOS expression under flow condition.