30 d-6°头低位卧床对人下肢脂肪体积的影响

目的 观察模拟失重对人下肢脂肪体积的影响,验证磁共振水脂分离成像技术在测量人下肢脂肪容积中的可行性.方法 14名男性健康志愿者,-6°头低位卧床30 d,使用磁共振水脂分离成像(Dixon)技术采集卧床前后的下肢横断面解剖图像,测量卧床前后下肢脂肪体积.结果 与卧床前相比,卧床后所有志愿者下肢总脂肪体积及大腿段脂肪体积显著增加(P＜0.001);小腿段脂肪体积呈增加趋势,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 使用MRI水脂分离成像可以清晰地显示卧床前后下肢脂肪体积的变化;-6°头低位卧床30 d后下肢脂肪体积明显增加.     

MR扩散张量成像在急性脑梗死的临床应用

目的应用MR扩散张量成像(DTI)技术对急性脑梗死行动态观察,研究其扩散变化规律,推断缺血半暗带的治疗时间窗,并通过扩散张量纤维束成像(DTT)技术论证皮质脊髓束与肌力的相关关系。方法对71例不同时间窗的脑梗死病例行常规MRI、扩散加权成像(DWI)及DTI检查,测定各期病灶的平均扩散系数(DCavg)、部分各向异性系数(FA)、相对各向异性系数(RA)及容积比(1-VR)值,并对10例行三维白质纤维重建。结果梗死不同时期的DCavg均值分别为[(0·275±0·022),(0·349±0·019),(0·465±0·023),(0·538±0·035)]×10-3mm2/s,随时间变化呈明显减低、逐渐回升、假正常化的趋势(P<0·001);FA、RA、1-VR值在超急性期轻度升高,以后呈不可复性减低的趋势;超急性期、急性期病灶中心区与边缘区的DCavg、FA、RA、1-VR值差异有统计学意义(P<0·001)。皮质脊髓束表现为无受压、受压无中断及中断、破坏,其临床肌力表现为无减退、治疗后肌力恢复、无恢复。结论梗死灶的DCavg、FA、RA、1-VR值具有特征性演变规律;超急性期、急性期病灶边缘区可能为缺血半暗带组织,其治疗时间窗可扩展为24h。DTT技术对临床及判断预后有重要价值。     

膝关节前交叉韧带前内侧束和后外侧束的MR成像研究

目的 提高对膝关节前交叉韧带前内侧束和后外侧束的影像认识,并探讨其3.0T MR的理想常规成像显示平面.方法 回顾性分析149例正常膝关节的3.0TMR图像,采用x2分割法分析前交叉韧带、前内侧束和后外侧束双束结构及双束上、中、下各段在MR矢状面、冠状面、横断面各成像平面显示率的差异.结果 前交叉韧带前内侧束和后外侧束双束结构显示率,横断面(115/149,77.2％)与冠状面(103/149,69.1％)比较,×2=2.4606,P＞0.0125;横断面、冠状面分别与矢状面(21/149,14.1％)比较,x2值分别为119.5138、92.8695,P值均＜0.0125.前内侧束和后外侧束双束上段显示率,横断面( 104/149,69.8％)与冠状面(7/149,4.7％)、矢状面(0/149,0)及冠状面与矢状面分别比较,x2值分别为135.0813、159.7526、7.1684,P值均＜0.0125.前内侧束和后外侧束双束中段显示率,横断面(108/149,72.5％)与冠状面(94/149,63.1％)比较,x2=3.0120,P＞0.0125;横断面、冠状面分别与矢状面( 10/149,6.7％)比较,x2值分别为134.7454、104.2173,P值均＜0.0125.前内侧束和后外侧束双束下段显示率,横断面(103/149,69.1％)与冠状面(110/149,73.8％)比较,x2=0.8065,P＞0.0125;横断面、冠状面分别与矢状面(18/149,12.1％)比较,x2值分别为100.5300、115.9132,P值均＜0.0125.前交叉韧带双束各段在MRI各序列上均呈低信号,形态、走行正常.结论 3.0TMR常规扫描平面能够在一定程度上显示前交叉韧带的双束结构,横断面和冠状面是较为理想的显像平面.     

Flared polyurethane-covered self-expandable nitinol stent for malignant biliary obstruction

PURPOSE: To determine the technical efficacy and safety of a flared polyurethane-covered self-expandable nitinol stent in the management of malignant biliary obstruction and to evaluate its clinical efficacy by estimating stent patency and patient survival rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with common bile duct strictures (nonhilar) caused by malignant disease were treated by placement of 13 nitinol stents. The stents used include a flared section in the proximal portion (12 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length) and a section in the remnant portion that is fully covered with high-elasticity polyurethane, with an unconstrained diameter of 10 mm and a total length of 50-80 mm. Patient survival and stent patency rates were calculated with use of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The follow-up bilirubin and serum amylase and lipase levels were calculated, and the differences in means were evaluated with use of a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The average follow-up duration was 22.9 weeks (range, 8-56 weeks). RESULTS: Placement was successful in all cases. The 30-day mortality rate was 0%. The survival rates were 38% and 24% at 20 and 50 weeks, respectively. Seventy-seven percent of study patients had adequate palliative drainage during their the remainder of their lives. The stent patency rates were 71% and 48% at 20 and 50 weeks, respectively. Three patients (23%) presented with stent occlusion requiring repeat intervention. There were no procedure-related complications such as proximal or distal migration. No complications occurred other than stent occlusion. One patient's stent was removed under endoscopic guidance 15 weeks after its insertion. Bilirubin levels had significantly decreased 1 week after stent insertion (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Preliminary results suggest that placement of a flared polyurethane-covered self-expandable nitinol stent is feasible and effective in achieving biliary drainage. The stents do not migrate, but there is tumor ingrowth into the flared portion of the stent. Treatment of a larger group of patients will be mandatory to validate these long-term results.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在不明原发灶肿瘤中的临床应用价值

目的探讨18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像在不明原发灶肿瘤（CUP）诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析46例于2015年2月至2016年6月在我院行常规检查未能发现肿瘤原发灶而进一步行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像查找肿瘤原发灶的转移性肿瘤患者的资料。PET/CT图像分析采用视觉及半定量分析方法。通过病理活检和（或）临床综合诊断、临床随访对结果进行评价。结果46例患者中,18F-FDG PET/CT显像找到原发肿瘤33例,均经过病理活检及临床随访证实;13例未发现原发病灶。18F-FDG PET/CT对不明肿瘤原发灶的检出率为71.7%（33/46）,其中阳性患者中淋巴瘤3例、胃癌2例、食管癌4例、卵巢癌3例、肺癌14例、肝癌2例、尿路上皮癌1例、鼻咽癌2例、多发性骨髓瘤1例、降结肠癌1例。转移方式主要有淋巴结转移32例、骨转移20例、肝转移13例、肺转移9例、胸膜腹膜转移5例、肾上腺转移3例、脑转移4例、皮下转移3例、心包膜转移1例。结论18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像对CUP的检出率显著优于一般常规检查,对临床指导治疗有着重要意义。     

阅兵保障人员甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种不良反应的观察

目的分析甲流疫苗接种后不良反应的发生情况。方法对阅兵村2009年9月10—15日接种甲流疫苗的1 150名阅兵保障人员进行调查,对不良反应发生率、不良反应出现及持续时间、转归等进行分析。结果 18名接种者发生不良反应,总反应率1.6%(18/1 150),其中局部不良反应发生率为1.1%(13/1 150),全身不良反应发生率为0.4%(5/1150),所有发生不良反应者经1~5 d均能自愈或治愈。结论甲流疫苗接种后不良反应发生率低,以局部轻型不良反应为主,持续时间短,无严重不良反应,适宜无接种禁忌症人群的普遍接种。     

脂联素与心血管疾病研究现状

脂肪组织不仅仅是一个贮能组织,更是一个功能十分活跃的内分泌器官,通过其所分泌的一系列脂肪细胞因子与代谢综合征及心血管疾病建立了密切的关联。脂联素是白色脂肪组织分泌的重要产物,也是迄今为止发现的惟一与体脂含量呈负相关的脂肪细胞因子,已证实其具有广泛的生物学活性,     

假体周围骨折与骨质疏松

骨质疏松与假体周围骨折的发生密切相关。骨质疏松状态下假体周围骨折的预防需从改善局部骨量和预防跌倒入手。检测关节假体周围的骨密度可用于评估假体周围骨折的风险。在对骨质疏松状态下假体周围骨折进行手术治疗时,可使用骨移植替代材料来增加骨折部位固定的强度,也可使用改进型的内固定材料或翻修假体来提高手术的成功率。     

Selection of the recipient veins for additional anastomosis of the superficial inferior epigastric vein in breast reconstruction with free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps

There have been many methods to use the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) for improvement of flap circulation during breast reconstruction with free abdominal flap. If the SIEV is used for the purpose of adding another draining route, selection of ideal recipient vein is a crucial step. We reviewed our experiences of using the SIEV as additional vein in free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator breast reconstruction to find out the ideal recipient vein for SIEV. Between April 2006 and July 2010, 153 cases of breast reconstruction were performed using free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps. Additional SIEV anastomosis was performed in 45 cases with risk factors. First choice of the recipient vein was the lateral thoracic vein if the SIEV was placed laterally after the inset of the flap. If the lateral thoracic vein was ablated with lymph node dissection, the branch of the thoracoacromial vein was selected. If the SIEV was placed medially, the perforator of the internal mammary vein was used. No vascular compromise was observed in cases with additional SIEV anastomosis with those recipient veins, whereas 9 cases of flap-related complications were observed in the remaining 108 cases without additional SIEV anastomosis. The incidences of the venous congestion were significantly different between the 2 groups. Combination of the lateral thoracic vein, branch of the thoracoacromial vein, and the perforator of the internal mammary vein provided an excellent choice of the recipient vein for the SIEV with reliability and availability.     

骨盆多功能外固定架的研制与临床应用

目的：研制一种骨盆多功能外固定架治疗最不稳定骨盆骨折脱位及髋部骨折脱位。方法：采用三种不同的固定方法,治疗半侧骨盆骨折脱位、耻骨联合骨折分离及髋部骨折脱位。结果：32例随访平均1年,优良率达60％－90％,钉道感染1例,骨圆钉松动1例,无严重并发症。结论：该外固定架操作简便,固定安全牢稳,减轻疼痛,便于搬动,护理方便,早期下床活动,基层医院易推广。