机器人手术系统辅助食管癌根治术与胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术的近期疗效比较

目的：比较机器人手术系统辅助微创食管癌根治术（robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy,RAMIE）与胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术（video-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy,VAMIE）的近期疗效。方法：收集2016年1月至2018年3月在我院未行任何术前新辅助治疗并接受微创食管癌根治术的67例患者临床及病理资料。67例患者中,34例行RAMIE,设为机器人组,33例行VAMIE,设为胸腹腔镜组。结果：与胸腹腔镜组相比,机器人组的手术时间更长[（387.4±108.5） min vs.（320.6±65.6） min;Z=-2.598;P=0.009]。机器人组清扫淋巴结平均数量明显多于胸腹腔镜组[（25.5±6.2） vs. （21.9±7.1）;Z=-2.003;P=0.045]。机器人组和胸腹腔镜组在术中失血量[（180.9±383.1） mL vs.（222.1±431.4） mL;t=-0.464;P=0.644],术后平均住院时间[（16.7±9.8） d vs.（16.0±9.8） d;Z=-0.088;P=0.930]以及总体并发症（32.4％ vs. 36.4％; χ2=0.119;P=0.730）之间无明显统计学意义。结论：与VAMIE相比,RAMIE治疗食管癌安全可行,且可以清扫更多的淋巴结。     

结直肠癌术后患者异时性进展期腺瘤风险筛查模型的构建及验证

目的 筛选结直肠癌术后患者发生异时性进展期腺瘤的危险因素,构建个体化风险筛查模型并验证模型的筛查效果。方法 将2007年4月至2017年10月行结直肠癌根治术的734例患者分为建模组和验证组,术后3年结肠镜随访。建模组采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,建立风险筛查模型。利用验证组验证模型的筛查效果。结果 734例患者包括建模组485例,验证组249例。平均年龄为(64.6±11.5)岁,男性440例,女性294例。总的异时性进展期腺瘤发生率为11.9%(建模组12.0%,验证组11.6%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,男性、糖尿病病史、右半结肠癌、中低分化腺癌、腺癌合并腺瘤,腺癌合并进展期腺瘤为异时性进展期腺瘤的独立预测因素。根据Logistic多因素分析结果,建立筛查结直肠癌术后出现异时性进展期腺瘤的模型,并建立风险筛查列线图。受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线分析结果显示,该模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)=0.957(95%CI:0.935～0.9...     

病房爱心学校白血病患儿的人文关怀需求评估

目的 探讨人文关怀需求评估在白血病患儿爱心学校的应用及效果.方法 通过入院初期、住院治疗期、出院期采用人文关怀需求评估表对患儿实施持续动态评估,了解患儿的学习需求并满足其需求.结果 患儿参与爱心学校课程的积极性、家长对病房爱心学校及护理服务满意度均显著提高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 通过对患儿的持续动态评估,责任护士及志愿者能更直观地了解患儿的需求,降低其盲目性,也使得患儿能更主动学习,提升了医院的社会服务功能.     

Tumor Infiltration in the Medial Resection Margin Predicts Survival After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Background

Microscopic tumor involvement (R1) in different surgical resection margins after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been debated.

Methods

Clinico-pathological data for 258 patients who underwent PD between 2001 and 2010 were retrieved from a prospective database. The rates of R1 resection in the circumferential resection margin (pancreatic transection, medial, posterior, and anterior surfaces) and their prognostic influence on survival were assessed.

Results

For PDAC, the R1 rate was 57.1?% (48/84) for any margin, 31.0?% (26/84) for anterior surface, 42.9?% (36/84) for posterior surface, 29.8?% (25/84) for medial margin, and 7.1?% (3/84) for pancreatic transection margin. Overall and disease-free survival for R1 resections were significantly worse than those for R0 resection (17.2 vs. 28.7?months, P?=?0.007 and 12.3 vs. 21.0?months, P?=?0.019, respectively). For individual margins, only medial positivity had a significant impact on survival (13.8 vs. 28.0?months, P?<?0.001), as opposed to involvement in the anterior (19.7 vs. 23.3?months, P?=?0.187) or posterior margin (17.5 vs. 24.2?months, P?=?0.104). Multivariate analysis demonstrated R0 medial margin was an independent prognostic factor (P?=?0.002, HR?=?0.381; 95?% CI 0.207?C0.701).

Conclusion

The medial surgical resection margin is the most important after PD for PDAC, and an R1 resection here predicts poor survival.     

调节内质网应激对糖尿病小鼠肾脏SET7/9表达的影响

目的 探讨调节内质网应激对小鼠肾组织组蛋白甲基转移酶(HMT) SET7/9表达的影响及意义.方法 db/db小鼠按随机数字表法分为糖尿病肾病(DN)组和甜菜碱治疗(DN+B)组;db/m小鼠作为正常对照(NC)组,每组各18只.实验第4、8、12周末分别采用实时定量PCR和(或)Western印迹法测定小鼠肾组织SET7/9、葡萄糖调节蛋白(GRP)78、H3K4me2和单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)表达水平;ELISA法测定24 h尿蛋白排泄率(UPER)和尿MCP-1浓度;全自动生化分析仪检测血糖(BG)、血肌酐、血尿素氮的动态改变;PAS染色观察肾脏病理改变.结果 与NC组比较,DN组BG、BUN、UPER、MCP-1均显著升高(均P＜0.05),且呈时间依赖性.DN组小鼠第4周末开始出现肾小球基底膜增厚、系膜细胞增生改变,第12周末出现明显系膜基质积聚.与NC组比较,DN组肾组织GRP78、SET7/9的mRNA和蛋白质表达水平均显著升高,H3K4me2蛋白水平也显著升高,且呈时间依赖效应.与DN组比较,甜菜碱治疗组小鼠肾小球病变明显减轻,GRP78、SET7/9的mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著降低,BG、BUN、UPER、MCP-1、H3K4me2水平显著降低(均P＜0.05).结论 内质网应激可能是介导糖尿病小鼠肾脏SET7/9表达的上游机制.     

Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser ablation of dental enamel, dentine, and cementum

This paper reports an investigation into the characteristics of femtosecond laser (800-nm central wavelength) in the ablation of human dental enamel, dentine, and cementum at various laser fluences from 0.2 to 3.68 J/cm² with single and multiple pulses. The femtosecond laser interaction with cementum is reported for the first time. Ablation thresholds were determined to be 0.58, 0.44, and 0.51 J/cm² for enamel, dentine, and cementum, respectively. Under the average laser fluences of 1.13 to 3.68 J/cm², clean ablated surfaces without debris and microcracks were obtained. Laser fluence was found to influence the ablated diameter and depth, whereas under a certain fluence, pulse number only affects the depth, without affecting the diameter. The ablation mechanism is found to be based on multi-photon absorption, not previously known for femtosecond laser ablation of dental materials. The low thermal loads of 0.708, 1.44, and 0.404 J/cm³ required for ablating enamel, dentine, and cementum, determined for the first time, are beneficial for minimizing the heat-affected zones and micro-damage. The Raman spectroscopic analysis of phosphate shows that the chemical components of the tooth remain intact before and after the fs-laser ablation. It also shows that different dental tissues respond differently to the laser irradiation.     

异体复合组织移植皮肤淋巴引流隔绝动物模型的建立

目的:通过SD大鼠下腹部游离皮瓣及皮管的移植,建立大鼠异体复合组织移植皮肤淋巴引流隔绝模型。方法:7～8周龄雄性SD大鼠切取下腹部皮瓣并游离行同种异体移植,皮肤隔离组(A组):将供体皮瓣边缘对合、缝合成管状,底边留血管蒂出口用隔离器隔离皮肤,显微外科吻合血管,皮管缝合于隔离器,隔离器固定于受体;皮肤未隔离组(B组):将供体游离皮瓣卷制成管状,显微外科吻合血管并将供受体皮肤对位缝合;空白对照组(C组):行下腹部游离皮瓣异体移植。大体观察每组皮瓣或皮管存活时间,于术后3、5、7、14、28、35d取移植物皮肤组织行HE染色,观察病理学变化。结果:A组:皮管存活时间为32(34,32)天;B组:皮管存活时间为15(16,15)天;C组:皮瓣存活时间为6(7,6)天。A组与C组、B组与C组、A组与B组存活率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:本实验成功建立了大鼠的异体复合组织移植淋巴引流隔绝模型,并证实了隔绝皮肤淋巴引流能有效延长移植物的存活时间。     

A novel approach to gallbladder cancer in a Jehovah’s Witness

Radiofrequency interstitial thermal ablation (RITA) provides a palliative option for patients suffering from metastatic liver disease. This procedure can be performed using a laparoscopic approach with laparoscopic ultrasound used to position the RITA probe. We describe a case of laparoscopic RITA performed for colorectal liver metastasis that was complicated by tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) following treatment. We consider RITA to be a safe procedure, as supported by the literature, but where intracorporal tumor lysis is the treatment goal we believe that the systemic release of tumor products can overwhelm the excretory capacity; therefore, TLS is an inevitable consequence in some patients.     

Modified one-stage posterior/anterior combined surgery with posterior pedicle instrumentation and anterior monosegmental reconstruction for unstable Denis type B thoracolumbar burst fracture

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological results in patients with unstable Denis type B thoracolumbar burst fractures treated by modified one-stage posterior/anterior combined surgery.

Methods

Thirty-one patients with unstable Denis type B thoracolumbar burst fractures were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent one-stage posterior/anterior combined surgery with posterior instrumentation using pedicle screws and anterior monosegmental reconstruction utilizing titanium mesh cages. The mean follow-up period was 38.3 months. Clinical outcomes, radiological parameters, and treatment-related complications were assessed.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 36.4 years. The mean operative time and blood loss were 230 min and 645 ml, respectively. The VAS pain score was significantly improved after surgery, and the improvement was maintained until the final follow-up. In 23 patients with neurologic dysfunction, 20 (87 %) patients had improvement after surgery. By the final follow-up, 27 patients had returned to work; 18 of the 27 patients returned to a similar job. The mean sagittal kyphosis was corrected from 21.2° preoperatively to 2.5° postoperatively, which increased slightly to 4.3° at the final follow-up. Minimal subsidence and tilt of the titanium mesh cage were observed during the follow-up period. Solid bony fusion was achieved in all patients. One patient developed a posterior surgical site infection, which was resolved by antibiotic treatment and surgical debridement.

Conclusion

Modified one-stage posterior/anterior combined surgery for Denis type B unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures can produce good clinical and radiological outcomes.