Wearing high heels with an appropriate height is protective for pelvic floor function

BackgroundWearing high-heeled shoes is a common phenomenon among women. However, the association between wearing high heels and pelvic floor function is largely unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of wearing different height shoes on pelvic floor function and to analyze the influencing factors.MethodsThis was a population-based, cross-sectional study performed in general hospitals with a pelvic floor subspecialty in some cities of China. All participants completed a Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) questionnaire that consisted of demographic data, information about wearing shoes, and information about pelvic floor function (UDI-6). One-way ANOVA was carried out to compare the differences among 4 groups according to the heel height (<3, 3–5, 5–7, and >7 cm groups). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors influencing the effect of wearing 3–5 cm high-heeled shoes on pelvic floor function.ResultsIn total, 1,263 participants finished the questionnaire and full data were collected. The 4 groups were comparable for clinical data, and participants who wore 3–5 cm high-heeled shoes had the lowest UDI-6 scores. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of hours (≥8 h) wearing high heels per day and the thickness diameter (≥3 cm) of the heel were important factors affecting the protective effect of wearing 3–5 cm high-heeled shoes on pelvic floor function.ConclusionsWearing heeled shoes with a 3–5 cm heel height and ≥3 cm thickness for a long period of time is good for the pelvic floor function of women.     

砭石疗法对中青年慢性失眠患者睡眠质量及伴随症状辅助治疗作用的研究

目的 探讨砭石疗法对中青年慢性失眠患者睡眠质量及伴随症状的辅助治疗作用,并分析相关机制。方法 将92例中青年慢性失眠患者随机分为砭石组与对照组各46例。对照组睡前口服佐匹克隆片7.5 mg;砭石组在对照组治疗基础上接受中医砭石疗法治疗,每周1次、每次40 min、30 d为1个疗程。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分减少率评估2组患者的失眠改善率,记录治疗前后2组的失眠严重程度指数（ISI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分,检测治疗前后患者血清的5-羟色胺（5-HT）水平。比较上述各项2组间差异。结果 治疗开始前,砭石组与对照组的ISI、SAS及SDS评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。治疗1个疗程后,砭石组的失眠改善率为 93.5%,高于对照组的76.1%（P < 0.05）。治疗1个疗程后,2组患者的ISI、SAS及SDS评分均低于治疗前,血清5-HT水平高于治疗前（P均< 0.05）;砭石组患者的ISI、SAS及SDS评分均低于对照组,血清5-HT水平高于对照组（P均< 0.05）。结论 砭石疗法安全、环保,有助于改善中青年慢性失眠患者的睡眠质量及伴随症状。砭石疗法辅助治疗慢性失眠及其伴随症状的机制可能涉及神经递质5-HT。     

自主呼吸试验在COPD机械通气患者撤机中的作用

目的评估自主呼吸试验（SBT）在COPD机械通气患者撤机过程中的作用。方法选择52例COPD机械通气撤机成功的患者,分为两组：S组24例,采用SBT方式撤机拔管;NS组28例,采用逐渐降低机械通气支持水平的方式撤机拔管。对比两组患者的拔管时间、住重症监护病房（ICU）时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生率、48 h内再插管率以及住院病死率。结果 S组与NS组的拔出气管插管时间120 min和（300.01±65.23）min）、住ICU时间（9.50±4.20）d和（18.60±10.30）d、VAP发生率12.50%和28.57%,均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,而48 h内再插管率20.83%和21.43%、ICU病死率16.67%和17.85%,无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论应用SBT法撤机比渐减机械通气支持水平的方法具有更早拔出气管插管、住ICU时间短的优点,而且降低了VAP的发生率。     

IL-28B基因多态性与丙型肝炎易感性的关系

目的:探讨白介素-28B(interleukin-28B,IL-28B)单核苷酸多态性位点rs8099917与中国丙型肝炎易感性的关系.方法:采用TaqMan SNP基因分型的方法检测中国天津地区263名丙型肝炎患者和244名健康人IL-28B rs8099917基因型和等位基因分布情况,并统计分析rs8099917基因型和等位基因在2组中分布的差异.结果:在263名丙型肝炎患者中,TT基因型223人(84.8%),TG基因型39人(14.8%),GG基因型1人(0.4%).T等位基因频率为92.2%.244名健康对照者中,TT基因型222人(91.0%),TG21人(8.60%),GG1人(0.40%),T等位基因频率为95.3%.丙型肝炎患者和健康人群TG/GG基因型频率差异有统计学意义(OR=1.810,95%CI:1.042-3.145;P=0.033).丙型肝炎患者G等位基因频率也高于健康人(OR=1.709,95%CI:1.010-2.893;P=0.044).结论:中国人群IL-28B rs8099917基因多态性与丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染易感性相关联.G为HCV感染的风险等位基因.     

Two Polymorphisms in NEDD4L Gene and Essential Hypertension in Chinese Hans—A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-like (NEDD4L) gene may play an important role in the development of hypertension by regulating the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel for sodium reabsorption. Recently, a functional polymorphism located at the last nucleotide of exon 1 (rs4149601) of the NEDD4L gene were found to be associated with hypertension both in African Americans and whites, and a “flip-flop” association with hypertension was found in two white samples for a polymorphism located at intron 13 (rs3865418). In this study, we aimed at examining the role of these two variants on essential hypertension in Chinese Hans. In a population-based association study, we observed significantly higher prevalence of T allelic frequencies (p?=?0.023) in hypertensives than normotensives. In logistic regression analysis, the stronger association was found under the additive model with an odds ratio of 1.31 (1.04–1.67) for T allele (p?=?0.025). The association remained significant (p?=?0.039) with an odds ratio of 1.29 (1.01–3.66) when adjusting for age and sex. We also constructed an ANCOVA factorial model by using clinical parameters as the dependent variable for rs3865418 polymorphisms. A significantly higher diastolic blood pressure was observed at rs3865418 in the dominant model for the T allele (p?=?0.009). The positive association still exist after controlling age and sex (p?=?0.013). For rs4149601 polymorphism, however, we did not observe a positive association with hypertension by implicating either logistic regression models or ANCOVA models. Thus, our results support rs3865418 but not rs4149601 polymorphism of NEDD4L gene implicated in the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese Hans.     

外科重症监护室患者家属对保护性约束态度的调查

目的 调查外科重症监护室患者家属对保护性约束的态度,为减少护患纠纷提供对策依据.方法 2012年3-4月,采用方便抽样法选取120名上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院外科重症监护室新入院患者家属进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般资料及患者家属对保护性约束的态度.结果 外科重症监护室患者家属对于保护性约束普遍表示理解;不同学历家属对于约束是否会加重病情及约束是否被医生护士滥用的态度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);不同年龄段患者的家属对于约束是否会加重病情的态度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);与患者不同关系的家属对于约束是否使其觉得丢脸及约束是否被医生护士滥用的态度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 外科重症监护室患者家属对保护性约束普遍能够理解,但约束前护理人员需要告知家属相关意义,以取得家属的支持和理解.     

腹腔动脉、肠系膜上、下动脉彩色多普勒超声对克罗恩病活动期的诊断价值

背景:彩色多普勒超声作为一种非侵入性、无辐射的成像手段,在克罗恩病(CD)的临床诊断和监测中发挥越来越重要的作用。目的:探讨腹腔动脉(CA)、肠系膜上动脉(SMA)、肠系膜下动脉(IMA)彩色多普勒超声对CD活动期的诊断价值。方法:纳入2010年1月～2012年12月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院消化科收治的CD活动期患者29例,选取32例同时期因非肠道病变就诊的患者作为对照组。应用彩色多普勒超声对患者CA、SMA、IMA进行检测,记录管径、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)以及阻力指数(RI)。结果:CD组CA的PSV值和RI值较对照组显著升高(P=0.0001),两组管径和EDV值差异无统计学意义(P=0.16;P=0.47)。CD组SMA的EDV值较对照组显著升高(P=0.03),两组管径、PSV、RI值差异无统计学意义(P=0.17;P=0.09;P=0.05)。CD组IMA的EDV值较对照组显著降低(P=0.04),两组管径、PSV、RI值差异无统计学意义(P=0.07;P=0.34;P=0.19)。结论:CD活动期CA、SMA和IMA的血流动力学参数发生显著改变,这对诊断CD和评估其活动性具有一定价值。     

急性脑出血患者外周血单核细胞CD36、CD54表达的临床意义

目的观察急性脑出血（ICH）患者外周血单核细胞CD36、CD54表达的变化及外周血血常规的特点。方法选择急性ICH患者（ICH组）31例及健康体检者（对照组）27例,检测血常规,用流式细胞技术检测外周血单核细胞CD36、CD54表达。结果与对照组比较,ICH组CD54表达率、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例均升高（P〈0．01）。发病72hICH组CD36表达率,显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。治疗1周后外周血单核细胞CD54表达率仍明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论ICH患者外周血单核细胞CD54表达上调,可能与白细胞计数升高共同参与IcH发生、发展,可作为ICH预后观察指标。