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991.
艾滋病的致病因子为人免疫缺陷病毒。该病毒的蛋白酶在病毒复制和成熟中具有决定性的意义。由于目前国内外尚未获得艾滋病病毒蛋白酶高效表达的重组子及简便的活性检测系统,限制了它的研究与应用。本文将用PCR技术修饰的HIVPr基因克隆入原核高效表达载体pTTQ18的EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ酶切位点之间,并用豆芽核酸酶将EcoRⅠ的粘端削平,构建了读框正确的表达载体,IPTG诱导表明,该重组子在大肠杆菌中获得了高表达,激光扫描结果表明:重组的HIVPr占细菌总蛋白8.9%以上。 相似文献
992.
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994.
Leroy X Wacrenier A De la Taille A Gosset P Saint F Biserte J Gosselin B 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2001,109(6):469-473
Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas (SRC) are rare neoplasms associated with a very poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarker expression and clinical significance in this uncommon renal cancer. Cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, CD34, S-100 protein, MIB 1, p53, Fas and Fas ligand immunohistochemical expression was investigated in seven renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid changes. No significant difference between sarcomatoid and nonsarcomatoid areas was observed with the different biomarkers, excepted for Fas ligand. Fas expression was diffuse in sarcomatoid and nonsarcomatoid areas. However, Fas ligand had a higher expression in sarcomatoid in comparison to nonsarcomatoid areas. Our results showed that Fas and Fas ligand are both expressed in renal cancer. We suggest that the aggressive behavior of sarcomatoid carcinoma may be related to a higher expression of Fas ligand by tumor sarcomatoid cells. These findings may indicate that Fas ligand is a possible therapeutic molecular target for treatment of SRC. 相似文献
995.
Li W Jin K Nagayama T He X Chang J Minami M Graham SH Simon RP Greenberg DA 《Neuroscience》2000,96(1):161-168
Calcium is an important mediator of programmed cell death induced by transient cerebral ischemia, and calcium-binding proteins have been implicated in calcium-regulated signal transduction. Apoptosis-linked gene 2 is a calcium-binding protein required for cell death induced by different apoptotic stimuli. By Western blot analysis, we found that apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein was expressed in normal brains, and that expression increased in ischemic brains after 20 or 90 min of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Immunocytochemistry showed increased apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein expression in frontal cortex, a region where neurons underwent ischemic stress but still survived, after 20 or 90 min of focal cerebral ischemia. Apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein was also up-regulated in the ischemic border-zone of parietal cortex 24h after 20 min of focal ischemia, and was remarkably over-expressed in the caudate-putamen and parietal cortex, (where cells are destined to die) 24h after 90 min of ischemia. The expression pattern of apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein was similar to that of deoxyribonucleic acid damage detected by Klenow labeling assay.Our results suggest that apoptosis-linked gene 2 may be involved in the regulation of cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia. 相似文献
996.
Fiona Murray Paul A. Insel Jason X.-J. Yuan 《Respiratory physiology & neurobiology》2006,151(2-3):192
High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal complication in response to exposure to low O2 at high altitudes. Hypoxia, by causing pulmonary vasoconstriction, increases pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, both of which are features in the pathogenesis of HAPE. Uneven hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is thought to be responsible for increased capillary pressure and leakage, resulting in edema. O2-sensitive ion channels are known to play pivotal roles in determining vascular tone in response to hypoxia. K+, Ca2+ and Na+ channels are ubiquitously expressed in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary microvasculature, subfamilies of which are regulated by local changes in PO2. Hypoxia reduces activity of voltage-gated K+ channels and down-regulates their expression leading to membrane depolarization, Ca2+ influx in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (by activating voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels) and vasoconstriction. Hypoxia up-regulates transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) leading to enhanced Ca2+ entry through receptor- and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Altered enrichment of ion channels in membrane microdomains, in particular in caveolae, may play a role in excitation–contraction coupling and perhaps in O2-sensing in the pulmonary circulation and thereby may contribute to the development of HAPE. We review the role of ion channels, in particular those outlined above, in response to low O2 on vascular tone and pulmonary edema. Advances in the understanding of ion channels involved in the physiological response to hypoxia should lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of HAPE and perhaps in the identification of new therapies. 相似文献
997.
The spinothalamic tract (STT) is the primary pathway carrying nociceptive information from the spinal cord to the brain in humans. The aim of this study was to understand better the organization of STT axons within the spinal cord white matter of monkeys. The location of STT axons was determined using method of antidromic activation. Twenty-six lumbar STT cells were isolated. Nineteen were classified as wide dynamic range neurons and seven as high-threshold cells. Fifteen STT neurons were recorded in the deep dorsal horn (DDH) and 11 in superficial dorsal horn (SDH). The axons of 26 STT neurons were located at 73 low-threshold points (<30 microA) within the lateral funiculus from T(9) to C(6). STT neurons in the SDH were activated from 33 low-threshold points, neurons in the DDH from 40 low-threshold points. In lower thoracic segments, SDH neurons were antidromically activated from low-threshold points at the dorsal-ventral level of the denticulate ligament. Neurons in the DDH were activated from points located slightly ventral, within the ventral lateral funiculus. At higher segmental levels, axons from SDH neurons continued in a position dorsal to those of neurons in the DDH. However, axons from neurons in both areas of the gray matter were activated from points located in more ventral positions within the lateral funiculus. Unlike the suggestions in several previous reports, the present findings indicate that STT axons originating in the lumbar cord shift into increasingly ventral positions as they ascend the length of the spinal cord. 相似文献
998.
999.
逆转录病毒载体介导乙型肝炎病毒反义基因的转录表达 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了探索在真核细胞内转录表达乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)反义核酸的方法,用基因重组技术将HBV前C/C基因(PreC/C)和前S/S基因(PreS/S)片段反向插入逆转录病毒载体质粒,再将重组体分别转染PA317包装细胞,进而获得能够介导HBV反义基因向小鼠NIH3T3细胞转移表达的重组逆转录病毒。经分子杂交试验表明,含有HBV反义基因的重组逆转录病毒序列已经整合到转染的PA317细胞染色体上;转导的NIH3T3细胞内有HBV反义RNA转录表达。结论:逆转录病毒载体包装细胞系统能够介导HBV反义基因在真核细胞中转录表达,因而有可能利用反义技术和基因转移方法进行抗-HBV基因治疗 相似文献
1000.
Daneshrad Z Novel-Chaté V Birot O Serrurier B Sanchez H Bigard AX Rossi A 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》2001,442(1):12-18
Male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks, were subjected to hypobaric hypoxia (barometric pressure 505 hPa, PI,O2 106 hPa) or to diet restriction (reproducing the effect of hypoxia-induced anorexia) for 4 weeks. Each group (control, hypoxic, pair-fed, n = 16), was divided into two sub-groups housed individually in either normal cages or cages with running wheels allowing evaluation of voluntary activity (n = 8 each). The skinned-fibre technique was used to evaluate the functional properties of myofibrillar mitochondria from right and left ventricles in situ. The oxidative fibres from the soleus and diaphragm muscles were also investigated for comparison. Analysis of variance did not detect any significant effect of voluntary running activity. With calorie restriction, the maximal respiratory rate (Vmax) in the presence of 1 mM adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) in myocardial fibres fell significantly (by about 25%) but was unchanged in skeletal myocytes. Following hypoxia, Vmax in myocardial fibres increased by 25% compared with the calorie restricted group and in soleus and diaphragm muscle fibres by about 30% compared with control. In myocardial fibres of control rats, creatine (20 mM) increased the sub-maximal respiratory rate by 80% in the presence of 0.1 mM ADP. Under calorie restriction or hypoxia the stimulatory effect was significantly reduced to 34-56%. This alteration was due to a decrease in the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of mitochondrial respiration for ADP evaluated in the absence of creatine, while the Km in presence of creatine 20 mM was unchanged. In conclusion, reduced food intake decreased the oxidative capacity (Vmax) and the apparent Km for ADP of mitochondria in both left and right ventricles. Chronic hypoxia per se was responsible for an increase in the oxidative capacity of all oxidative muscles but did not exert significant effects on the control of respiration by ADP and creatine in myocardium. 相似文献