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71.
Abdul Jabbar Shah Nizar Noorali Bhulani Sara Haroon Khan Najeeb ur Rehman Anwarul Hassan Gilani 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2010,24(9):1392-1397
Mentha longifolia has a reputation in traditional medicine in the indications of diarrhoea and gut spasm. This study was carried out to provide a possible pharmacological basis for its medicinal use in hyperactive gut disorders. In a castor oil induced diarrhoeal model, the crude extract of Mentha longifolia (Ml.Cr), at doses of 100–1000 mg/kg, provided 31–80% protection, similar to loperamide. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, Ml.Cr caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K+‐induced contractions, with respective EC50 values of 1.80 (1.34–2.24; n = 6–8) and 0.60 mg/mL (0.37–0.85; n = 6–8), which suggests spasmolytic activity, mediated possibly through calcium channel blockade (CCB). The CCB activity was further confirmed when pretreatment of the tissue with Ml.Cr (0.3–1 mg/mL) caused a rightward shift in the Ca++ concentration–response curves (CRCs), similar to verapamil. Loperamide also inhibited spontaneous and high K+‐induced contractions and shifted the Ca++ CRCs to the right. Activity‐directed fractionation revealed that the petroleum spirit fraction was more potent than the parent crude extract and aqueous fraction. These data indicate that the antidiarrhoeal and spasmolytic effects of the crude extract of Mentha longifolia are mediated through the presence of CCB‐like constituent(s), concentrated in the petroleum spirit fraction and this study provides indirect evidence for its medicinal use in diarrhoea and spasm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Shah AJ Gilani AH Abbas K Rasheed M Ahmed A Ahmad VU 《Archives of pharmacal research》2011,34(8):1227-1238
This study describes the chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemisia maritima (Am.Oil) and the pharmacological basis for its medicinal use in gut and airways disorders. Twenty five compounds, composing
93.7% of the oil, were identified; among these, chrysanthenyl propionate and elixene were identified for the first time from
any Artemisia species. The Am.Oil (0.3–1.0 mg/mL) suppressed spontaneous and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum, suggestive of an antispasmodic effect mediated possibly through
calcium channel blockade. The calcium channel blockade activity was confirmed when pre-treatment of the tissue with Am.Oil
(0.01–0.03 mg/mL) shifted the Ca++ concentration-response curves to the right, similar to verapamil and papaverine. In isolated tracheal strips, Am.Oil inhibited
carbachol (CCh; 1 μM)-induced contractions more than that induced by K+ and shifted the isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs to the left, similar to papaverine, suggestive of potentiation, while,
verapamil was more potent against K+ than CCh-induced contractions and had no potentiating effect on isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs. These data indicate
that the Am.Oil exhibited spasmolytic and bronchodilator activities mediated possibly through dual blockade of calcium channels
and phosphodiesterase, which provides the pharmacological basis to the medicinal use of Artemisia maritima in colic, diarrhea and possibly asthma. 相似文献
75.
S. Jabbar J. Drury J. Fordham H. K. Datta R. M. Francis S. P. Tuck 《Journal of periodontal research》2011,46(1):97-104
Jabbar S, Drury J, Fordham J, Datta HK, Francis RM, Tuck SP. Plasma vitamin D and cytokines in periodontal disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 97–104. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Osteoporosis and periodontal disease are chronic diseases, in the pathogenesis of which plasma osteoprotogerin (OPG) and RANKL are important. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and plasma cytokines, vitamin D and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis. Material and Methods: One hundred and eighty‐five postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 185 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects were recruited. Periodontal disease was subdivided into active or past periodontal disease. Osteoprotegerin, RANKL, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD), biochemical markers of bone turnover (serum C‐terminal telopeptide, CTX), anthropometry and bone mineral density were measured. Results: A significantly higher proportion of the women with osteoporosis had active or past periodontal disease or both compared with control subjects (87.6 vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001). Plasma 25OHD was significantly lower (p < 0.001) and RANKL and OPG significantly higher in the women with osteoporosis than in control subjects (p < 0.0001). RANKL, OPG and CTX were significantly higher in women with active periodontal disease than in those without (p < 0.001), as were OPG and CTX in past periodontal disease (p < 0.001). In active and past periodontal disease, 25OHD was significantly lower (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that periodontal disease was best predicted by RANKL, 25OHD, C‐terminal telopeptide and weight, r2 = 10.4%. Conclusion: Periodontal disease is more common in women with osteoporosis and is associated with lower vitamin D and higher concentrations of RANKL and OPG. Raised cytokines may provide the underlying mechanism that links these two conditions. 相似文献
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Background
Ireland’s Mental Health Act 2001 resulted in substantial changes to mental health services and the process of involuntary admission. 相似文献80.
Ulrike Seitzer Silke Gerber Doreen Beyer Jessica Dobschanski Birgit Kullmann Daniel Haller Jabbar S. Ahmed 《Parasitology research》2010,106(5):1085-1102
Intracellular leukoproliferative Theileria are unique as eukaryotic organisms that transform the immune cells of their ruminant host. Theileria utilize the uncontrolled proliferation for rapid multiplication and distribution into host daughter cells. The parasite distribution
into the daughter cells is accompanied by a tight association with the host cell mitotic apparatus. Since the molecular basis
for this interaction is largely unknown, we investigated the possible involvement of the immunodominant Theileria annulata surface protein, TaSP, in the attachment of the parasite to host cell microtubule network. Confocal microscopic analyses
showed co-localization of the TaSP protein with alpha-tubulin and reciprocal immuno-co-precipitation experiments demonstrated
an association of TaSP with alpha-tubulin in vivo. In addition, the partially expressed predicted extracellular domain of
TaSP co-localized with the mitotic spindle of dividing cells and was co-immunoprecipitated with alpha-tubulin in transiently
transfected Cos-7 cells devoid of other T. annulata expressed proteins. Pull-down studies showed that there is a direct interaction between TaSP and polymerized microtubules.
Analysis of the interaction of TaSP and host microtubulin during host cell mitosis indicated that TaSP co-localizes and interacts
with the spindle poles, the mitotic spindle apparatus and the mid-body. Moreover, TaSP was demonstrated to be localized to
the microtubule organizing center and to physically interact with gamma-tubulin. These data support the notion that the TaSP—microtubule
interaction may be playing a potential role in parasite distribution into daughter host cells and give rise to the speculation
that TaSP may be involved in regulation of microtubule assembly in the host cell. 相似文献