34例鹿角形肾结石手术取石的疗效观察

目的探讨肾下极肾盂肾盏联合切开术治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析采用肾下极肾盂肾盏联合切开术式治疗复杂性鹿角形肾结石34例临床资料。手术方法:分离肾窦内肾盂后,用1-0肠线在肾后唇中下1/3连接处紧贴肾盂肾盏表面缝合肾实质2针,中间尖刀切开肾实质,然后弧形切开肾盂及肾下盏,用神经剥离子将结石与肾盂肾盏粘膜粘连分离后,取石钳夹住结石轻轻撬出。盏颈狭窄者必要时先用气压弹道碎石器将其在分支处击断。4-0肠线缝合肾盂及肾下盏,再用2-0肠线间断全层缝合肾实质切口数针,包膜层用4-0肠线缝合。结果34例均一次性取净结石。术中平均出血量约90ml。术后无大出血病例。结论肾下极背侧肾实质与肾盂联合切开取石术具有术中出血少,无须阻断肾蒂,肾功能受损轻,便于一次取尽结石等优点。适合于肾窦内肾盂特别是肾下盏盏颈相对狭窄的复杂性鹿角形肾结石的治疗。     

IV型II类反式激活因子基因新变异体的克隆、鉴定和功能测定

为获取有功能的IV型II类反式激活因子基因 (CIITA IV ) ,诱导肿瘤细胞表达MHCII类分子 ,从IFN γ刺激的THP 1细胞中以RT PCR获得CIITA IV ,将其连接到pGEMT easy载体。对所构建的pcDNA3 1 CIITA IV型表达载体进行反复测序后发现 ,所获得的CIITA IV基因存在结构变异 ,在 2 87位插入了 3个核苷酸TAG ,使 2 86 2 88位的AAG改变成为ATAGAG(2 86 2 90 ) ,并引起其他 8个座位核苷酸 (及推导的氨基酸残基 )发生改变。将表达载体转入原先不表达MHCII类分子的HeLa细胞中 ,检测到所获得的IV型CIITA变异体具有诱导人II类分子HLA DR表达的能力。空载体和CIITA IV基因导入的HeLa细胞中 ,DR阳性细胞百分率分别为 0 0 1 %和 37 6 4 %。该基因已从GenBank得到登录号 ,表明这是一个具有诱导HLA DR分子表达功能的IV型CIITA新基因。     

甲型血友病基因诊断及产前诊断的研究进展

甲型血友病是最常见的遗传性出血性疾病,受到了国内外研究者们的极大关注.由于此病尚无彻底根治方法,所以基因诊断及产前诊断显得尤为重要.基因诊断可分为直接基因诊断及间接连锁分析的方法;产前诊断的手段也在近年飞速发展.本文就直接基因诊断、间接连锁分析及产前诊断新技术这几方面的研究进展综述如下.     

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF): identification of a binding site for a neutralizing antibody.

One approach to the localization of functionally active regions of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is to map the epitopes recognized by neutralizing anti-hGM-CSF monoclonal antibodies. We have defined the epitope recognized by one neutralizing antibody (LMM102) using proteolytic fragments obtained by enzymic digestion of bacterially synthesized hGM-CSF. RP-HPLC fractionation of a tryptic digest resulted in the identification of an immunoreactive "tryptic core" peptide containing 66 amino acids (52% of the protein). Further digestion of this "tryptic core" with S. aureus V8 protease produced a unique immunoreactive hGM-CSF product comprising two peptides, residues 86-93 and 112-127, linked by a disulfide bond between residues 88 and 121. The individual peptides, generated by reduction with dithiothreitol, were not recognized by the antibody. An analog of this peptide has been synthesized chemically and shown to have similar immunoreactivity to the epitope obtained by enzymic digestion. A series of modified peptides has also been synthesized to identify further the region required for antibody recognition.     

Novel micro-crosslinked poly(organophosphazenes) with improved mechanical properties and controllable degradation rate as potential biodegradable matrix

As biodegradable materials, linear polyphosphazenes undergo rapid hydrolysis degradation but exhibit poor mechanical properties. Blending with biodegradable polyesters or inorganic particles strengthen their mechanical properties but give rise to slower degradation rate. To balance the mechanical properties and the degradation rate, micro-crosslinked polyphosphazenes were synthesized in this study. Their glass transition temperatures, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation behavior were investigated. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was firstly attached to the side chain along with glycine ethyl ester to prepare co-substituted poly(organophosphazene) with pendant ethenyl substituents. The co-substituted poly(organophosphazene) was blended with HEMA or acrylic acid (AA) followed by a free radical polymerization to prepare micro-crosslinked poly(organophosphazenes). The resulting crosslinked polymers showed two separate glass transition temperatures depending on the HEMA or AA feed. Incorporation of crosslinking affected the mechanical properties positively. Crosslinked poly(organophosphazenes) showed an approximately 11-17 fold increase in terms of modulus of elasticity when compared to the linear counterpart. In vitro degradation tests indicated that HEMA-crosslinked polymers hydrolyzed at a retarded rate while AA-crosslinked polymers hydrolyzed at a moderate rate compared to linear polymers.     

Structural characterization of the C4a anaphylatoxin from rat

The C4a anaphylatoxin was purified from rat sera activated by heat-aggregated IgG. The anaphylatoxin was isolated by a three-step purification procedure and was judged to be homogeneous based on visualization of a single stained band after electrophoresis on both cellulose acetate membrane strips and on 9% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Results from Ouchterlony and radioimmunoassay analysis indicated that neither rat C5A nor C3a contaminated the C4a preparation. Rat C4a is a glycoprotein estimated to be 11,000-12,000 mol. wt and contains 76 amino acid residues representing a mol. wt of 8577 and one oligosaccharide unit of 2000-3000 mol. wt. Rat C4a is weakly active in contracting guinea pig ileum at 0.1-1 microM, which is comparable with the activity of human C4a. Both human and bovine C4a are polypeptides free of carbohydrate while rat and presumably mouse C4a are glycoproteins. The complete primary structure of rat C4a anaphylatoxin has been elucidated as follows: (formula; see text)     

中国株HIV-1 gp120核酸疫苗的实验免疫研究

目的　探讨表达中国株HIV 1gp12 0基因的核酸疫苗在小鼠体内的免疫反应。方法　将表达HIV 1gp12 0的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXP经肌肉注射免疫Balb c小鼠 ,检测免疫小鼠脾CD4 +、CD8+T细胞亚群的数量 ,脾特异性CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体滴度。结果　重组质粒pVAXP免疫组小鼠脾CD4 +、CD8+T细胞亚群的数值均比对照组高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;免疫组脾特异性CTL杀伤活性与对照组相比差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;血清抗体滴度显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　表达HIV 1gp12 0基因的核酸疫苗质粒pVAXP能诱导小鼠产生特异性细胞和体液免疫。     

人肝癌组织中p53与HSP70相互作用的初步研究

目的 :探讨人肝癌中热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70 )与 p5 3的相互作用。方法 :用免疫组织化学染色法 ,从 12例肝癌组织中筛选HSP70与 p5 3均呈阳性表达的标本 ,并以免疫共沉淀法提取之。然后用SDS PAGE及Westernblot分析双阳性标本中两种蛋白的存在形式。结果 :用免疫组织化学法检测到 12例肝癌组织中有 3例为双阳性 ,用抗HSP70mAb免疫共沉淀的样品 ,可检测到 p5 3蛋白。用抗p5 3mAb免疫共沉淀的样品也可检测到HSP70蛋白。结论 :人肝癌中p5 3与HSP70以复合物的形式而存在 ,此可为肝癌的发病机制及免疫治疗的研究提供新的思路     

抗癌药用植物猫人参(Actinidia macrosperma)离体再生系统的建立

中药猫人参,又名大籽猕猴桃,是著名抗癌药用植物,其野生资源已近枯竭。本文选用猫人参的茎段(至少带一个节)、叶片作为外植体,筛选出了适合猫人参从启动、快繁直至生根等各个阶段的最适培养基,在实验室建立了程序简单、重复性好的再生系统,实现了猫人参组培苗的快速繁殖。以茎段作为外植体效果较好,既容易消毒,同时又能很快诱导腋芽萌发;以叶片作为外植体,能成功诱导出愈伤组织,但此愈伤组织的分化能力极低。以茎段作为外植体获得的无菌培养物在不同发育阶段适宜的培养基组成:外植体启动培养基为MS+BA 5 μmol/L+NAA 1 μmol/L;最适增殖培养基为MS+BA2 μmol/L+GA 1.5 μmol/L+ZT 4μmol/L,35 d繁殖系数为9-10;最适生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 2μmol/L,生根率达1 00％,培养35 d,平均苗高6.28cm,平均移栽成活率为91％。