Changes in T .lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain inJury

BACKGROUND： Besides local changes of cranial parenchymal cells, hemorrhage, etc., severe traumatic brain injuries also cause the changes of total body fluid and various functions, and the changes of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets should be paid more attention to. OBJECTIVE： To reveal the changing laws of T lymphocyte subsets after severe traumatic brain injury, and compare with mild to moderate brain injury. DESIGN： A comparative observation. SETTINGS： Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City; Central Laboratory of Shenzhen Hospital of Prevention and Cure for Chronic Disease. PARTICIPANTS： All the subjects were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Longgang District Buji People＇s Hospital of Shenzhen City from August 2002 to August 2005. Thirty patients with severe brain injury, whose Glasgow coma score （GCS） was ≤ 8 points, were taken as the experimental group, including 21 males and 9 females, aging 16 - 62 years. Meanwhile, 30 patients with mild traumatic brain injury were taken as the control group （GCS ranged 14- 15 points）, including 18 males and 12 females, aging 15 -58 years. All the subjects were in admission at 6 hours after injury, without disease of major organs before injury Informed consents were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS： （1） The T lymphocytes and the subsets in peripheral blood were detected with immunofluorescent tricolor flow cytometry at l, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury in both groups. （2） The conditions of pulmonary infections were observed at 4 days after injury. The differences of measurement data were compared with the t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Changes of T lymphocytes subsets at 1 - 14 days after severe and mild or moderate traumatic injury. RESULTS： Finally, 28 and 25 patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury, whereas 25 and 21 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed at 7 and 14 days respectively, and the missed ones died due to the development of disease. （1） Changes of T lymphocyte subsets： At 1 and 3 days after injury, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 began to decrease, whereas CD8 increased in the experimental group, which were very significantly different from those in the control group （t =2.77 - 3.26, P 〈 0.01）, and began to recover at 7 days, which were significantly different from those in the control group （t = 2.06 - 2.24, P 〈 0.05）, and generally recovered to the normal levels at 14 days （P 〉 0.05）. （2） Conditions of pulmonary infections： At 4 days after injury, the rate of pulmonary infection was significantly different between the experimental group and control group [73% （22/30）, 0, x2=37.29, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION： Patients with severe traumatic brain injury suffer from damages of cellular immune function at early period （within 7 days）, and they are easily to be accompanied by pulmonary infections.     

Characterization of a novel metabolite intermediate of ziprasidone in hepatic cytosolic fractions of rat, dog, and human by ESI-MS/MS, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and chemical derivatization.

Ziprasidone (Geodone), a novel atypical antipsychotic agent, is recently approved for the treatment of schizophrenia. It undergoes extensive metabolism in preclinical species and humans after oral administration, and only a very small amount of administered dose is excreted as unchanged drug. In vitro studies using human liver microsomes have shown that the oxidative metabolism of ziprasidone is mediated primarily by CYP3A4. However, coadministration of ziprasidone with ketoconazole, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, showed only a modest increase in its exposure. Therefore, in vitro metabolism of ziprasidone was investigated in hepatic cytosolic fractions to further understand its clearance mechanisms in preclinical species and humans. The major metabolite from incubation of ziprasidone in cytosolic fractions of rat, dog, and human was characterized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and found to be the product of reductive cleavage. Derivatization and hydrogen/deuterium exchange were used to deduce that the addition of two hydrogen atoms had occurred at the benzisothiazole moiety. Further studies to determine the enzyme involved in the formation of this metabolite are currently in progress. The identification of this novel metabolite in cytosol has clarified the clearance mechanism of ziprasidone in humans and preclinical species.     

腰椎峡部裂型滑脱症矢状位参数分析

[目的]探讨L5峡部裂型滑脱症病人腰骶部的矢状位参数的相关性及其临床意义。[方法]回顾2000年1月~2005年12月资料完整的L5峡部裂型滑脱症76例,男32例,女44例;年龄12~68岁,排除其他腰椎节段病变及下肢畸形,在包含双侧股骨头的腰椎站立位侧位片上测量腰椎前凸角(LL)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骶骨水平角(SS)、腰骶角(LSA)及滑移度等参数,并与30例健康成人比较,用t检验比较滑脱病人与健康成人、轻度滑脱和重度滑脱病人各参数之间的差异,Pearson相关系数分析各参数间的相关性(P<0.05)。[结果]根据M eyerd ing分类,轻度滑脱53例(Ⅰ、Ⅱ度),重度滑脱23例(Ⅲ、Ⅳ度)。腰椎滑脱患者的PI、LL、SS、LSA均较健康成人高,差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。重度滑脱病人的PI、LL、LSA均较轻度滑脱的病人高,差别有统计学意义(P<0.001)。PI与滑移度、SS、LL及LSA有显著相关性,LSA与滑移度、SS与LL有显著相关性,但SS与滑移度无显著相关。[结论]骨盆的矢状位形态对滑脱的发展有直接影响,PI越大,发生滑脱的风险越大,PI、LSA越大,滑脱进展的可能性越大。     

计算机医嘱输入系统对用药错误的助长作用

背景：医院的计算机医嘱输入（computerized physician order entry，CPOE）系统被广泛认为能从技术上解决用药错误，后者是最常见的可以预防的医院诊疗错误的来源。已发表的研究表明，CPOE可减少高达81％的用药错误。然而，很少研究关注CPOE助长用药错误作用的范围或类型。     

压膜式间隙保持器的临床应用

目的:观察正压压膜式间隙保持器的临床应用特点和效果.方法:选择60例5.9～10岁的乳牙过早缺失的患儿,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组用正压压膜式间隙保持器,对照组用带环式丝圈间隙保持器.分别从患者对保持器的接受程度、保持器的制作、椅旁操作时间、固位效果及其保持疗效和因保持器本身问题导致的复诊率进行对比研究,并对测量数据进行统计学处理.结果:两组患者在对保持器的接受程度、保持器的制作、椅旁操作时间、美观、防止对合牙过度伸长方面具有显著的差异,在固位效果及其保持疗效和因保持器本身问题的复诊率上有差异,但是差异没有显著性.结论:正压压膜式间隙保持器是一种美观舒适,制作简单,戴用便捷、固位好,疗效佳,便于观察恒牙萌出程度的间隙保持器,它为口腔医师进行保持缺隙治疗时提供了一种新的选择.     

高度近视的病因学研究进展

高度近视发生的内因、外因，包括遗传倾向，相关基因定位，巩膜胶原白体免疫学说，视网膜生物活性物质失调学说，环境因素等，本研究就这些因素对高度近视发病的影响做一综述。现统一的认识有：①高度近视具有明显的遗传倾向。②迄今为止，已找到4个高度近视相关基因，它们的遗传方式均为常染色体显性遗传。③高度近视的巩膜组织病理改变和胶原代谢障碍引发了人们对高度近视免疫相关基因的深入研究。已发现HLAⅡ类基因与部分高度近视具有相关性。④视网膜中存在的生物活性物质直接或间接参与了形觉剥夺性近视的形成。⑤环境因素并非高度近视发病的决定因素，它仅起一定程度的促进作用。将今后的工作重点放在高度近视基因定位的研究，基因表达的调控及巩膜胶原代谢、网膜生物活性物质之间的关系研究上，无疑会进一步揭示高度近视的病因，为防治高度近视开辟新途径。     

原位肛门整形重建术的研究

目的：探讨改进的内外括约肌在原位肛门整形重建术中的应用及其手术效果。方法：改进包括：①肛门内括约肌改进为双层双环肌套；②肛门外括约肌改进为股薄肌采用“围巾式”环绕结肠末端一周，其远端剖为两条，一条缝合固定于耻骨韧带；另一条缝合固定于骶尾韧带，即为肛门外括约肌重建和外括约肌浅部和深部的重建。结果：38例术后肛门外形及功能和远期生活质量、生存率均更为满意。术后随访总优良率达94．73％；远期生存率达76．32％。结论：低位直肠癌Miles术后，同时行改进的内外括约肌原位肛门整形重建的效果是可行的，更接近正常的肛门解剖结构和生理功能。     

不同浓度臭氧注入猪椎间盘后氧化效果的实验研究

目的观察低、中、高浓度臭氧注入猪正常椎间盘后不同时间段髓核组织的变化,探索既高效又安全的臭氧浓度,为临床注射臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症提供实验依据。方法小型猪10只,于透视下用21G Chiba针刺入猪腰椎间盘中心部,经穿刺针注入臭氧3 ml,重复3次,在椎间孔处注入5 ml于椎旁组织内。其中L5~6,L4~5,L3~4和L2~3分别注入臭氧浓度为90μg/ml,60μg/ml,30μg/ml及无菌空气,L6~S1不进行任何干预,为空白对照。分别在注射后1天、1周、1个月、2个月和3个月后处死动物各2只,在相同时间点进行CT及MR检查。处死后取出椎间盘及椎旁肌肉标本,作大体和光镜下观察,对髓核氧化及退变程度进行量化评分。结果术后3个月内髓核氧化及退变程度评分随时间推移逐渐增高,臭氧浓度越高,增高趋势越明显。术后MRI随访1个月时高浓度组髓核信号T2加权开始减低,其他组不明显。术后2个月注射组所有椎间盘信号均减低,臭氧浓度越高,信号减低越明显。光镜下1天出现髄核细胞的肿胀变性,1周髄核细胞出现与注射浓度正相关的体积缩小和基质含量减少,此后胶原纤维增生,逐渐取代髄核组织,在3个月时,高浓度组髄核干涸的程度,继发纤维化均较中、低浓度组高,并且出现相邻椎体骨性融合。中、高浓度椎旁肌肉注射1周时出现肌纤维肿胀变性及间质黏液变性。结论臭氧浓度越高,髄核的干涸效果越明显,椎间盘退行性变也越明显。高浓度臭氧盘内注射,3个月后椎间盘退变严重,不宜进行临床应用,椎旁肌肉内不宜注射中、高浓度臭氧。     

可吸收性医用珊瑚人工骨的致突变性研究

目的评价珊瑚人工骨的遗传毒性。方法采用Ames试验;细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验。结果不同浓度的浸提液加与不加S9mix条件下Ames试验;细胞染色体畸变试验以及微核试验与阴性对照组比较无显著差异,结果为阴性。结论在本试验系统条件下,可吸收性珊瑚人工骨无致突变作用。     

应用个体化营养方案对COPD患者病情影响的研究

目的　研究应用个体化营养方案对慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者进行营养治疗后的病情变化 ,评价个体化营养方案对病情的影响 ,阐明个体化营养方案的治疗价值。方法　选择 80例COPD患者 ,随机分为实验组与对照组 ,实验组应用个体化方案进行营养治疗 ,对照组采用普通膳食 ,观察营养状况、临床表现、病情急性发作次数、住院次数、治疗费用、并发症、呼吸衰竭发生率、死亡率、肺通气功能的变化。结果　实验组营养状况显著好于对照组P <0. 0 5 ,实验组病情急性发作次数、住院天数减少 ,治疗费用降低 ,与对照组比 ,差异显著P <0 . 0 5 ,实验组临床表现减轻 ,与对照组比差异显著P <0 . 0 5 ,实验组患者肺功能有所改善 ,差异显著P <0 . 0 5 ,实验组并发症、呼衰发生率、死亡率与对照组比显著降低P <0 . 0 5。结论　个体化营养方案简便易行、科学、经济 ,患者易接受 ,应用该个体化营养方案对COPD患者实施营养支持 ,营养效果明显 ,能确切改善患者病情。