IntroductionSturge Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous disorder, characterised by vascular malformation with capillary venous angiomas. Though it presents with vascular anomalies, association with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is rare.ReportA 2-year-old girl presented with delayed developmental milestones, head enlargement and convulsions. Examination revealed an ill-looking child with head enlargement, hypotonia and bilateral blindness. Computed tomographic angiography revealed gyriform cerebral calcifications with vein of Galen aneurysmal dilatation, showing multiple feeding arteries. Findings were also corroborated by ultrasound.DiscussionThis experience underscores the value of imaging in revealing this complex angio-architecture, which is necessary in the diagnosis and management. 相似文献
BackgroundGender differences in glycaemic control and diabetes’ complications have been well studied overseas but not locally. Gender is one of the non-modifiable factors for the diabetes patient but it is an important factor for effective personalized diabetes care. This paper examined the gender differences in glycaemic control and diabetes’ complications.MethodsThis was a registry-based observational study from May–December 2008. An online standard case record form was available for site data providers to register their diabetes patients aged 18 years old and above annually. Demographic data, diabetes duration, treatment modalities, as well as various risk factors and diabetes complications were reported. Multivariate analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 20,646 diabetes patients were included. The majority (99.2%) had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D); 42.8% of the sample were men; 57.1% were Malay. The mean age was 58.0 years (standard deviation (SD) = 11.49) with 77.6% of the sample being 50 years old and above. Despite similar diabetes control (HbA1c < 6.5%), females suffered more microvascular complications (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mls/min: X2 = 753.54, P = <0.001) while men suffered more from macrovascular complications (ischaemic heart disease (X2 = 57.61, P = <0.001) and stroke (X2 = 13.87, P = <0.001)). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that T2D men were more likely to suffer from stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89–1.64), ischaemic heart disease (OR = 1.55, CI = 1.35–1.78) and nephropathy (OR = 1.59, CI = 1.44–1.75).ConclusionWe observed that men suffered more diabetes-related complications despite similar glycaemic control and better risk factor control. This finding requires further verification from future studies. 相似文献
Plasma isoniazid and rifampin concentrations, but not pyrazinamide and ethambutol concentrations, were decreased by about 50% (P < 0.05) in diabetic pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The prevalences of subnormal plasma isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol concentrations were 49% or 100% (P < 0.01), 66% or 100% (P < 0.05), 30% or 50% (P = 0.198), and 32% or 21% (P = 0.742) in nondiabetic or diabetic tuberculosis patients, respectively. These data show that plasma concentrations of isoniazid and rifampin were greatly reduced in diabetic tuberculosis patients. 相似文献
In-vivo studies have suggested the anti-rheumatic and immunomodulatory properties of the methanolic extract of the plant Anisomeles malabarica R.Br. However, the mechanism of action of this plant in the modulation of inflammation using the various in vitro models has not been explored earlier. Hence, the current investigation was undertaken to study the anti-rheumatic and immunomodulatory role of aerial parts, leaves and roots in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated signaling in macrophage and mouse connective tissue cell cultures. It was observed from the present study that by employing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) bioassay, all the three extracts viz., aerial parts, leaves and roots inhibited TNF-α production in LPS (1 μg/mL) stimulated RAW-32 cells. 38.75 % inhibition of TNF-α was observed at 200 μg extracts of the aerial parts of the plant followed by 17.64 and 14.94 % by the roots and leaves respectively. Taken together, these findings from the present in vitro studies suggest the anti-rheumatic and immunomodulatory properties of the methanolic extracts of A. malabarica. 相似文献
To determine frequencies, interlaboratory reproducibility, clinical ratings, and prognostic implications of neural antibodies in a routine laboratory setting in patients with suspected neuropsychiatric autoimmune conditions.
Methods
Earliest available samples from 10,919 patients were tested for a broad panel of neural antibodies. Sera that reacted with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-2 (CASPR2), or the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex were retested for LGI1 and CASPR2 antibodies by another laboratory. Physicians in charge of patients with positive antibody results retrospectively reported on clinical, treatment, and outcome parameters.
Results
Positive results were obtained for 576 patients (5.3%). Median disease duration was 6 months (interquartile range 0.6–46 months). In most patients, antibodies were detected both in CSF and serum. However, in 16 (28%) patients with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies, this diagnosis could be made only in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The two laboratories agreed largely on LGI1 and CASPR2 antibody diagnoses (κ = 0.95). The clinicians (413 responses, 71.7%) rated two-thirds of the antibody-positive patients as autoimmune. Antibodies against the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), NMDAR (CSF or high serum titer), γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABABR), and LGI1 had ≥ 90% positive ratings, whereas antibodies against the glycine receptor, VGKC complex, or otherwise unspecified neuropil had ≤ 40% positive ratings. Of the patients with surface antibodies, 64% improved after ≥ 3 months, mostly with ≥ 1 immunotherapy intervention.
Conclusions
This novel approach starting from routine diagnostics in a dedicated laboratory provides reliable and useful results with therapeutic implications. Counseling should consider clinical presentation, demographic features, and antibody titers of the individual patient.
