磁驱动血泵溶血分析

测试磁驱动轴流心室辅助装置主体血泵溶血性能。利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件ANSYS,基于红细胞受到切应力和相应曝光时间的计算溶血方法预测血泵溶血性能,计算红细胞粒子随着时间推移在血泵内运动轨迹上受到破坏程度。通过体外模拟循环实验实际测试血泵体外溶血性能,计算得到血泵实际标准溶血指数。CFD计算结果转化的标准溶血指数与实际体外实验结果比较相差较大,与CFD计算简化和实际计算循环周期有很大关系。磁驱动轴流心室辅助装置主体血泵有较好的实际溶血性能,血泵实验期间无不良状况发生,可以进行进一步实验。     

PSORIASIS-LIKE LESIONS IN GUINEA PIGS RECEIVING PROPRANOLOL

Background. β-Blockers cause a psoriasiform eruption. We investigated the skin effects of systemic propranolol in a formal protocol. Methods. Propranolol, 0.1 mg/day, was used systemically by gavage in eight albino guinea pigs. Normal saline was given to another group of seven guinea pigs. Results. Propranolol produced psoriasiform lesions in five of seven guinea pigs on the 30th day. Biopsies showed acanthosis, parakeratosis, microabscesses, and cellular infiltration of upper dermis. Topical application of propranolol did not produce clinical psoriasiform changes, while acanthosis and papillomatosis was observed in six of the six guinea pigs. Conclusions. Systemically given propranolol can lead to psoriasis-like lesions, which might be due to a serum factor.     

阿克他利对Ⅱ型胶原性关节炎小鼠的治疗作用及部分机制研究

 目的 研究阿克他利(Acta)对小鼠Ⅱ型胶原性关节炎(CIA)的治疗作用。方法 采用Ⅱ型胶原(CⅡ)乳剂皮内注射诱导的小鼠CIA模型。在此基础上,检测小鼠足肿胀、免疫功能的改变,以及对CⅡ的迟发性变态反应(DTH)和血清中抗CⅡ抗体的测定,同时进行了病理组织学的检查。结果 Acta(10,30,90 mg·kg^-1)ig对CⅡ诱导的小鼠足肿胀有明显的抑制作用;体外研究发现,Acta(10,30,90 mg·kg^-1)能使CIA小鼠过高的ConA增殖反应和IL-2的产生恢复至接近正常,同时对CIA小鼠过高的IL-1产生有明显的抑制作用;Acta(10,30,90 mg·kg^-1)ig可以明显减轻CⅡ诱发迟发性变态反应(DTH),但Acta对CIA小鼠体内的抗体的产生无显著影响。病理学检查表明,Acta(10,30,90 mg·kg^-1)ig可以减轻CIA小鼠的骨膜增生和软骨破坏。结论 Acta对CIA小鼠具有治疗作用,该作用可能是通过细胞免疫调节实现的。     

Effect of valproate and carbamazepine on visual evoked potentials in epileptic children

The effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) and sodium valproate (SV) monotherapy on visual evoked potentials (VEP) were studied in 18 epileptic children receiving CBZ and nine epileptic children receiving SV. Pattern reversal VEP were determined before the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AED) and 1 year later during which time the patients had received AED. The VEP amplitude showed no consistent changes after 1 year of CBZ and SV therapy, but VEP P-100 latencies were significantly prolonged after 1 year of CBZ therapy. We conclude that CBZ causes a slowing down of central impulse conduction and that VEP is useful to evaluate the effects of AED within the central nervous system.     

The place of premedication in pediatric practice

Behind the multiple arguments for and against the use of premedication, sedative drugs in children is a noble principle that of minimizing psychological trauma related to anesthesia and surgery. However, several confounding factors make it very difficult to reach didactic evidence-based conclusions. One of the key confounding issues is that the nature of expectations and responses for both parent and child vary greatly in different environments around the world. Studies applicable to one culture and to one hospital system (albeit multicultural) may not apply elsewhere. Moreover, the study of hospital-related distress begins at the start of the patient's journey and ends long after hospital discharge; it cannot be focused completely on just the moment of anesthetic induction. Taking an example from actual practice experience, the trauma caused by the actual giving of a premedication to a child who absolutely does not want it and may struggle may not be recorded in a study but could form a significant component of overall effect and later psychological pathology. Clearly, attitudes by health professionals and parents to the practice of routine pediatric premedication, vary considerably, often provoking strong opinions. In this pro–con article we highlight two very different approaches to premedication. It is hoped that this helps the reader to critically re-evaluate a practice, which was universal historically and now in many centers is more selective.     

国产美罗培南治疗急性细菌性感染的临床试验

目的:研究国产美罗培南用于抗感染治疗的临床疗效和安全性.方法:将30例中、重度急性细菌性感染患者按随机对照平行法分成2组,治疗组14例,给予美罗培南0.5g,q8h,静脉滴注;对照组16例,给予泰能(亚胺培南/西司他丁)1.0g,q8h,静脉滴注.两药疗程均为7～10d.结果:两组的临床痊愈率均为50%;临床有效率治疗组和对照组分别为85.7%和87.5%;细菌清除率分别为84.6%和85.7%;不良反应发生率分别为14.3%和18.8%.以上指标两组差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:国产新药美罗培南用于抗感染治疗安全有效.     

学龄前儿童普通话平均句子长度的多因素研究

【目的】探讨影响学龄前儿童普通话平均句子长度的因素,为促进儿童语言发育提供参考意见。【方法】以65名3~6岁学龄前儿童为研究对象并对其父母进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括儿童发育情况、家庭社会环境因素等39个变量。利用计算机程序计算每名儿童自然语言样本的平均句子长度。【结果】年龄、边看图书边自己讲述、父亲的文化程度、看广告、看电视后家长(或保姆)与儿童谈论电视内容与学龄前儿童平均句子长度呈正相关;边看图书边听家长讲述和语言障碍家族史与学龄前平均句子长度呈负相关。【结论】年龄、遗传因素和家庭语言环境为学龄前儿童语言发育的重要影响因素。     

A PIL for every ill? Patient information leaflets (PILs): a review of past, present and future use

This article reviews the usefulness and importance of written information, specifically leaflets, being given to patients. Evidence suggesting how both patient and doctor may benefit from the giving of written information is reviewed. Identification of good practice relating to the content and readability of leaflets is discussed. An argument is put forward that the giving of written information is an under-utilized resource in contributing to improving patient outcomes but that this may be changing with the increasing use of patient leaflet databases. The advantages and disadvantages of computer- generated patient leaflets are discussed and desirable further areas of research on computer-generated leaflets are proposed.      

Microbial contamination of seven major weaning foods in Nigeria

Five million children aged less than five years die annually due to diarrhoea. The aim of the study was to identify some possible contributing factors for persistent diarrhoea. Seven weaning foods, including a locally-made food, were evaluated by estimating the microbial load using the most probable number method and aflatoxin levels (AFM1, AFG1, AFG2, and AFB2) by immunoaffinity column extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection of fluorescence. The results showed that the locally-made weaning food had the highest microbial count (2,000 cfu/g) and faecal streptococcal count (25 cfu/g). Moulds isolated were mainly Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. glaucus, Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp. The home-made weaning food recorded the highest fungal count (6,500 cfu/g). AFM1 of the weaning foods was 4.6-530 ng/mL. One weaning food had AFB1 level of 4,806 ng/g. Aflatoxin metabolites, apart from AFM1 and AFB1 present in the weaning foods, were AFG1 and AFG2. There were low microbial counts in commercial weaning foods but had high levels of aflatoxins (AFM1, AFG1, AFG2, AFB1, and AFB2). Growth and development of the infant is rapid, and it is, thus, possible that exposure to aflatoxins in weaning foods might have significant health effects.