Higher gastric cycloxygenase-2 expression and precancerous change in Helicobacter pylori-infected relatives of gastric cancer patients.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine whether relatives of gastric cancer patients (GCF) showed greater gastric cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression or a greater incidence of precancerous lesions after Helicobacter pylori infection and whether H. pylori eradication could reduce COX-2 expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Three hundred subjects were enrolled in this study: half were relatives of 50 H. pylori-infected gastric cancer patients, and half were relatives of 50 H. pylori-infected duodenal ulcer (DU) patients (controls). Each relative underwent endoscopy to detect H. pylori infection and related gastric histology. One hundred and twenty GCFs were found to have H. pylori infection. After H. pylori eradication, 90 of the 120 GCFs were followed up with annual endoscopy examinations over the next 2 years. Gastric COX-2 intensity in all of the specimens collected from these patients was immunochemically stained and graded from 0 to 4. RESULTS: H. pylori infection, gastric atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia (IM) were more prevalent in GCFs than in relatives of H. pylori-infected patients with DUs (P < 0.05). H. pylori-infected GCFs also showed a greater COX-2 intensity than H. pylori-infected relatives of patients with DUs (89.1% versus 62.7%, P < 0.001; relative risk: 4.9; 95% confidence interval: approximately 2.34-10.29). Among the H. pylori-infected GCFs, COX-2 intensity correlated with atrophy and IM (P < 0.001). After H. pylori eradication, gastric COX-2 expression disappeared only in those relatives without IM (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: GCFs are more likely to show greater gastric COX-2 expression and a higher incidence of precancerous lesions after H. pylori infection than the relatives of H. pylori-infected patients with only DUs. H. pylori eradication can reverse gastric COX-2 expression in patients without IM but not in patients with IM.     

Technetium-99m tetrofosmin SPECT predicts chemotherapy response in small cell lung cancer.

The multidrug resistance gene 1 encoding human P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is thought to play an important role in the multidrug resistance of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to predict chemotherapy response by technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Tc-99m TF) lung single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and compare Pgp expression in patients with untreated small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Forty patients with untreated SCLC received Tc-99m TF lung SPECT prior to chemotherapy. The chemotherapy response was evaluated in the 3rd month after completion of treatment. Immunohistochemical staining of Pgp expression was performed on multiple nonconsecutive sections of biopsy specimens. By quantitative analyses, tumor to background ratios were 1.86 +/- 0.27 and 1.17 +/- 0.26 for patients with a good and poor response, respectively (p < 0.05). All of the 20 patients with a good chemotherapy response also had a positive Tc-99m TF lung SPECT and negative Pgp expression. In contrast, only 4 of the 20 patients with a poor chemotherapy response had a positive Tc-99m TF lung SPECT. Moreover, 10 of the 20 patients with a poor chemotherapy response also had negative Pgp expression (p < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that Tc-99m TF lung SPECT can accurately predict the chemotherapy response, and Tc-99m TF lung SPECT findings can be partially compatible with Pgp expression in patients with untreated SCLC.     

加替沙星制剂中有关物质检查与含量测定的高效液相色谱法

目的　建立加替沙星制剂中加替沙星的含量及其有关物质测定的 RP- HPL C法。方法　采用Shimpack VP- ODS柱 (15 0 mm× 4 .6 mm,5 μm) ,流动相为 1%三乙胺 (磷酸调节 p H至 4 .5 ) -乙腈 (82∶ 18,体积比 ) ,检测波长 32 5 nm。结果　加替沙星在 2 .32～ 4 6 .4 8μg/ ml浓度范围内线性关系良好 ,日内及日间 RSD分别为 1.1%和 1.7%。平均回收率为 99.9% ,RSD为 0 .6 5 %。最低检测限为 0 .2 μg/ ml。结论　该方法简单 ,灵敏度高 ,结果准确 ,可用于加替沙星制剂的含量测定及有关物质检查。     

复方苦参洗剂中小檗碱的含量测定

目的: 建立三元络合物比色法测定复方苦参洗剂中小檗碱的含量,为制剂质量控制提供依据.方法: 小檗碱在pH6.7的溶液中, 与溴酚蓝、奎宁形成三元络合物比色, 经氯仿提取, 在610 nm波长处测定吸收度.结果: 回归方程为A=0.182C-0.004(r=0.999 9),小檗碱在0.8～4 mg·L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为98.65%,RSD为1.12%.结论: 本方法准确,灵敏度好,可用于复方苦参洗剂中小檗碱的含量测定.     

抗幽门螺杆菌感染的4种药物治疗方案的成本-效果分析

目的: 对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的消化性溃疡4种治疗方案进行分析比较.方法: 用药物经济学成本效果分析进行评价.结果: 无论是成本效果比分析(C/E),还是增量成本效果比分析(△C/△E),均得出P1(奥美拉唑 阿莫西林 甲硝唑 果胶铋)组为最佳方案.结论: 药物经济学在优化治疗方案,指导合理用药,提高经济效益方面具有重要作用.     

不同产地黄精中糖醛酸含量的比较

目的:比较不同产地黄精中糖醛酸的含量。方法:采用硫酸咔唑比色法,线性范围2.86～14.31μg·ml-1(r=0.998 2)。结果:以半乳糖醛酸计,安徽九华山、贵州、湖南、河南周口、云南、河南济源、河北等地黄精中糖醛酸的含量分别为:3.54%,3.08%,1.84%,2.36%,2.66%,1.23%,1.43%。结论:不同产地黄精中糖醛酸的含量差异明显,其中以安徽九华山产黄精中糖醛酸的含量最高。     

Principle of evidence-based medicine and its application in clinical trial practice for glutamine and gut permeability

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) was developed from the progress of traditional clinical model trial patterns. EBM was based on well-designed, randomized, double blind, controlled, multiple center trails in order to assess end pont parameters, prognosis parameters (as: mortality, morbidity of complications and hospital stay etc.), quality of life and cost/effect ratio. It has been accepted in developed countries and could be the guidelines for Chinese clinical trials in the future. This article summarized the principle of EBM and attached with a clinical trial sample about effects of glutamine dipeptide on gut barrier function, post-operative complications and the hospital stay.