腹腔镜胆囊切除术中超声刀直接处理胆囊动脉(附800例报告)

目的探讨超声刀直接处理胆囊动脉的临床价值. 方法回顾分析1999年7月至2002年12月采用超声刀直接凝固切断胆囊动脉的腹腔镜胆囊切除术800例临床资料. 结果所有病例均顺利完成手术,无一例术中或术后胆囊动脉残端出血;病理切片镜下见超声刀的热作用足以使胆囊动脉壁组织发生变性,管腔闭塞. 结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术中超声刀直接处理胆囊动脉安全可靠.     

肱骨髁间骨折的手术治疗及疗效评价

目的 探讨肱骨髁间骨折的手术方式并评价疗效。方法 1998年1月～2004年12月共手术治疗肱骨髁间骨折28例，进行随访分析。结果 28例中26例获随访，时间6个月～4年7个月，其中22例获2年以上随访。疗效评价参照casse‰。评分系统，优良率为65％。结论 骨折类型及手术方式直接影响预后。关节良好的复位和牢固的固定，以及术后早期积极的功能锻炼是得到良好疗效的保证。     

深圳市福田区暗娼艾滋病KAP调查分析

目的：探讨暗娼艾滋病KAP的现状，为艾滋病预防控制中的咨询、外展及其它健康教育活动提供依据。方法：在“城中村”中随机抽取55位暗娼，由经过专门培训的调查员调查并采血检验。结果：暗娼艾滋病平均知晓率为73．88％；与艾滋病相关的高危行为，呈现低龄化、职业化的倾向；为了预防艾滋病，绝大部分暗娼愿意坚持使用安全套，但实际情况并不如人意；暗娼获得艾滋病知识及相关服务并不方便；梅毒检出率为9．09％。结论：打工者的性权利长期被忽视，使卖淫拥有很大的市场，这是暗娼们乃以存在并长久不衰的重要原因之一；暗娼艾滋病知晓率有了较大提高，可能与深圳市开展艾滋病防制工作较早、力度较大有关；安全套使用率还有待提高：艾滋病外展服务亟待开展与加强。     

对儿童X线体检中减少照射剂量的探讨

目的:探讨儿童在X线体检中减少照射剂量的方法。方法:应用东芝500mA遥控X线机、FJ-427型热释光剂量仪等设备,对100名3~5岁儿童体检时,随机分成两个对照组、每组50名,分别接受胸透或平片检查,对检查测得数据均进行统计学处理。结果:胸透时胸部接受的照射剂量是平片的22倍多,其它部位接受的X线散射剂量平均值之比亦在20~30倍之间。结论:在儿童X线体检中应采用常规胸片替代胸透,可以有效地降低其辐射危害。     

通过三年资料实证医院检验科常规项目全成本

目的弄清医院常规检验项目的实际成本,为医院及卫生主管部门进行科学管理和政府物价部门制订科学合理的收费价格体系提供科学依据。方法对某二级甲等医院检验科3年中所开展的全部7大类16个项目组169个检验项目的成本按耗材、设备折旧、劳务费、房屋折旧、业务费与后勤管理费共5大类进行实证分析。结果该科的成本构成比是:耗材成本34.1%、设备折旧24.3%、劳务费30.0%、房屋折旧4.0%、业务费与后勤管理费7.6%;检验项目的每项次平均成本为7.17元;成本最低的两类检验项目是生化及定性免疫,其项次成本分别为3.18元和4.25元;最高的则为微生物和血库,项次成本分别为48.63元和35.21元;项次成本过百元的有7项,多为输血项目;5至10倍于平均成本的28项,2至5倍于全科平均成本的22项,其余112项介于全科平均成本上下。结论实证研究是准确掌握检验项目成本的有效方法。     

Functional correlates of Doppler flow study of the female urethral vasculature.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of individual patient factors (age, parity, body mass index, menstrual cycle, menopause, hormone replacement therapy, bladder neck position and urethral mobility) on the appearance of Doppler flow in urethral vessels, to investigate the association between the Doppler flow parameters and intrinsic urethral function, storage and voiding, and to explore differences in the urethral vasculature between subjects with and without urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). METHODS: Over a 4-year period we prospectively performed imaging studies in 355 women, including 244 who denied any lower urinary tract symptoms within the previous 3 months (Group A) and 111 who had had lower urinary tract symptoms (Group B). Studies included morphologic assessment and Doppler flow investigation of the lower urinary tract. Vascular flow velocity and vessel density in the urethral vasculature were measured. For women in Group B, multichannel urodynamic studies were also performed. RESULTS: The urethral vasculature has five main branches of vessels. Their appearance was not affected by the menstrual cycle or menopause except for those of the anterior vaginal vessel and anterior branch of the middle urethral vessel. Other than that of the posterior urethral vessel, in which there was a correlation with parity, the resistance index (RI) was not affected by individual patient factors. However, there was a correlation between the vascular index (VI) and individual factors such as age (r = -0.336, P = 0.002), body mass index (r = -0.287, P = 0.028), menopause (r = -0.402, P < 0.001), and hormone replacement therapy (r = 0.392, P = 0.027). Only the VI and RI of the posterior urethral vessel correlated significantly with the urethral pressure profile. In subjects with lower urinary tract symptoms, the appearance of the urethral vasculature on power Doppler imaging and the corresponding RI and VI values were not correlated with objective evidence of USI. CONCLUSION: Patient factors may affect specific Doppler flow parameters of the urethral vasculature, which are related to intrinsic resting urethral closure. There is no difference in the appearance of the urethral vasculature in subjects with or without USI.     

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]

Sixteen patients (male: 14, female: 2, 41-72 yrs, mean 57.5 yrs) with OSAS were treated by nCPAP in our hospital since 1987. Respiratory disturbance index ranged from 16.5 to 83.1. The longest apnea duration was 35.0-120.5 seconds before the treatment. Two patients were treated with Sleep Easy III (Respironics Inc.) and others with a home made instruments. nCPAP was set at a pressure of 5 to 10 cm H2O. 12 patients (75%) tolerated the device but 4(25%) did not. Polysomnographic parameters before and after nCPAP therapy were compared. The longest apnea duration was 63.1 +/- 23.5 to 40.9 +/- 27.4 seconds (P less than 0.001) and the lowest saturation oxygen was 55.1 +/- 20.4% to 71.4 +/- 18.6% (P less than 0.05). The sleep structure improved but not significant statistically. One of them used nCPAP at home for more than two. years and showed a good long term effect. We concluded that nCPAP is an effective and safe treatment for OSAS. However, patients may be uncomfortable because of the wearing of the nasal mask during sleep.