快速梯度回波在先心病中的诊断价值

目的：探讨一种快速梯度回波加用心电门控的心脏单层面多时相（ Ｆ Ｍ Ｐ Ｇ Ｒ） 的临床应用价值。方法：经 Ｍ Ｒ Ｉ 诊断,手术证实的先心病５２ 例。男性３１ 例,女性２１ 例,年龄４ ～４５ 岁,畸形病变数共８４ 个。 Ｍ Ｒ 机型为１ ．５ Ｔ 超导扫描仪。常规采用 Ｓ Ｅ 及单层面多时相快速梯度回波成像（ Ｆａｓｔ ｍ ｕｌｔｉ － ｐｈａｓｅ ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔ － ｒｅｃａｌｌｅｄ ｅｃｈｏ Ｆ Ｍ Ｐ Ｇ Ｒ） ,并对 Ｓ Ｅ 、 Ｆ Ｍ Ｐ Ｇ Ｒ 的畸形病变诊断符合率进行 Ｘ２ 检验。结果：在本组手术证实的８４ 个畸形病变中,运用 Ｓ Ｅ 序列仅显示了５６ 个,采用 Ｆ Ｍ Ｐ Ｇ Ｒ 显示了７８ 个,诊断符合率为９２ ％ 。而且,在 Ｆ Ｍ Ｐ Ｇ Ｒ 上能够更加直观地看到间隔缺损时的过隔血流以及 Ｐ Ｄ Ａ 对血流自主动脉向肺动脉喷射征象。结论：快速梯度回波序列能显示小的间隔缺损的过隔血流及 Ｐ Ｄ Ａ 血液喷射征, 对先心病的诊断具有较高的应用价值。     

Treatment of osteonecrosis of femoral head with BMSCs-seeded bio-derived bone materials combined with rhBMP-2 in rabbits

Objective： To evaluate the effect of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） seeded bio-derived bone materials （BBM） combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 （rhBMP-2） in repairing defect of osteonecrosis of femoral head （ONFH）.
Methods： Early-stage osteonecrosis in the left hip was induced in 36 adult New Zealand white rabbits （provided by the Animal Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China） after core decompression and delivery of liquid nitrogen into the femoral head. Then the animals were divided into three groups according to the type of implants for bone repair： 12 rabbits with nothing （Group Ⅰ, the blank control group）, 12 with BBM combined with rhBMP-2 （Group Ⅱ）, and 12 with BMSCs-seeded BBM combined with rhBMP-2 （Group Ⅲ）. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, X-ray of the femoral head of every 4 rabbits in each group was taken, and then they were killed and the femoral heads were collected at each time point, respectively. Gross observation was made on the femoral heads. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, Lane-sandhu scores of X-ray and bone densitometry were calculated and the histomorphometric measurements were made for the new bone trabeculae.
Results： At 12 weeks after surgery, two femoral heads collapsed in Group Ⅰ, but none in Group Ⅱ or Group Ⅲ. X-ray examination showed that the femoral heads in Group I had defect shadow or collapsed while those in Group II had a low density and those in Group III presented with a normal density. Histologically, the defects of femoral heads were primarily filled with no new bone but fibrous tissues in Group Ⅰ. In contrast, new bone regeneration and fibrous tissues occurred in Group II and only new bone regeneration occurrd in Group Ⅲ. Lane-sandhu scores of X-ray, bone mineral density and rate of new bone in trabecular area in Group Ⅲ were higher significantly than those of the other two groups. Conclusions： Our findings indicate a superior choice of     

肺动脉栓塞外科治疗54例临床分析

目的 探讨肺动脉栓塞外科治疗的疗效.方法 回顾性分析1994年10月至2007年6月54例接受手术治疗的肺动脉栓塞患者的临床资料.急性肺动脉栓塞组9例,在中低温体外循环下行肺动脉切开取栓术;慢性栓塞性肺动脉高压组45例,在深低温下行肺动脉血栓内膜剥脱术.结果 急性肺动脉栓塞组围手术期死亡率(44.4%)高于慢性肺动脉栓塞组(13.3%)(P＜0.05).全组患者术后残余肺动脉高压13例,重度肺组织再灌注损伤23例.术后肺动脉收缩压和肺血管阻力均较术前下降,动脉血氧分压和动脉血氧饱和度较术前改善(P＜0.05).44例围手术期生存患者平均随访(41.8±36.4)个月.晚期死亡4例.全组抗凝相关出血线性发生率为0.63%人年,再发肺动脉栓塞线性发生率为0.62%人年.术后40例长期生存患者中,心功能(NYHA)Ⅰ级28例、Ⅱ级10例、Ⅲ级2例.结论 急性肺动脉栓塞围手术期死亡率显著高于慢性肺动脉栓塞.肺动脉栓塞外科治疗术后有较好的中长期生存率,抗凝相关的出血并发症及再发肺动脉栓塞的发生率较低.     

Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术的中期随访结果分析

目的 观察Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术后临床和影像学结果以及相邻节段退变的情况.方法 回顾性分析术后随访时间超过2年的26例单节段置换患者的临床资料,临床效果采用JOA和Odom评分进行评定.采用x线片观察手术节段活动度和椎旁骨化.采用X线片和MRI观察对比相邻节段退变情况.术前X线片示置换节段的活动度为2°～12°,平均为6.9°.结果 (1)临床结果:18例脊髓型颈椎病患者随访时JOA评分平均16分,平均改善率84%,8例神经根型颈椎病患者随访时临床症状全部消失.Odom分级:优秀15例,良好7例,一般4例.(2)X线片:术后置换节段的活动度为1°～14°,平均7.8°;7例出现假体周围异位骨化,仅1例假体运动消失,其余6例平均活动度为5.3°.相邻节段椎间隙高度术后无明显变化.(3)MRI T2加权像:根据Pfirrmann椎间盘退变分级方法,相邻节段椎间盘的分级术后无明显加重表现;相邻节段黄韧带肥厚对椎管的侵占率术后无明显加重;但是上下相邻椎间盘侵占率均略有增加.结论 Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术保留了置换节段的运动性,避免了相邻节段的加速退变,2年以上随访效果优良.     

CTLA4-Ig-modified dendritic cells inhibit lymphocyte-mediated alloimmune responses and prolong the islet graft survival in mice

The induction of antigen specific tolerance is critical for prevention and treatment of allograft rejection. In this study, we transfected CTLA4-Ig gene into dendritic cells (DCs), and investigated their effect on inhibition of lymphocyte activity in vitro and induction of immune tolerance on pancreatic islet allograft in mice. An IDDM C57BL/6 murine model induced by streptozotocin is as model mouse. The model mice were transplanted of the islet cells isolated from the BALB/c mice to their kidney capsules, and injected of CTLA4-Ig modified DCs (mDCs). The results showed that mDCs could significantly inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation and induce its apoptosis; whereas, unmodified DCs (umDCs) promoted the murine lymphocyte proliferation. Compared with injection of umDCs and IgG1 modified DCs, the injection of mDCs prolonged IDDM mice's allograft survival, and normalized their plasma glucose (PG) levels within 3 days and maintained over 2 weeks. The level of IFN-gamma was lower and the level of IL-4 was higher in mDCs treated recipient mice than that in control mice, it indicated that mDCs led to Th1/Th2 deviation. After 7 days of islet transplantation, HE stain of the renal specimens showed that the islets and kidneys were intact in structure, and islet cells numbers are increased in mDCs treated mice. Our studies suggest that DCs expressing CTLA4-Ig fusion protein can induce the immune tolerance to islet graft and prolong the allograft survival through the inhibition of T cell proliferation in allogeneic mice.     

滑动环式椎弓根螺钉脊柱侧凸矫形系统的研制及动物实验研究

目的 通过生长期大型动物实验,考察滑动环式椎弓根钉脊柱侧凸矫形系统随脊柱生长的自动滑动性能及其对脊柱生长的影响.方法 将12只3个月龄幼山羊随机分为少锚定点组、多锚定点组及空白对照组.术前及术后1个月、3个月采用X线片、三维CT重建测量各组脊柱生长和环式椎弓根钉棒系统的滑动情况.实验结束后取手术节段脊柱进行大体标本观察.结果 各实验组三维CT重建及大体标本观察见椎体结构良好,发育正常;少锚定点组L5～T10脊柱生长长度为平均43.0 mm,钉棒滑动41.2 mm;多锚定点组L5～T10脊柱生长长度为平均43.5 mm,钉棒滑动39.4 mm;空白对照组L5～T10脊柱生长长度为平均40.9 mm.结论 滑动环式椎弓根钉脊柱侧凸矫形系统能够随脊柱生长而实现钉棒间的滑动.     

经右胸前侧入路电视胸腔镜下胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力

目的 探讨经右胸前侧入路电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力(MG)的可行性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年8月至2007年10月采用经右胸前侧入路VATS胸腺切除治疗MG的56例患者的临床资料.结果 55例患者通过VATS顺利完成胸腺(或胸腺瘤)与前纵隔脂肪切除.平均手术时间(96.2±52.1)min,平均术中出血量(68.7±21.4)ml.2例患者术中发生左头臂静脉损伤;1例术中结扎止血,1例中转开胸止血后完成手术.切除胸腺及纵隔脂肪组织平均(22.1±9.2)g.术后病理检查示胸腺增生38例,胸腺萎缩5例,胸腺瘤12例,胸腺囊肿1例.1例(1.8%)患者因出血于术后第8天死亡.1例(1.8%)患者术后发生重症肌无力危象.平均住院时间(7.9±2.9)d.术后MG完全缓解8例(14.3%),部分缓解39例(69.6%),无变化7例(12.5%),总有效率83.9%.结论 利用VATS经右胸前侧入路行胸腺切除安全可行,治疗MG效果满意.     

靶向Notch1基因siRNA真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建并鉴定靶向Notch1基因的siRNA真核表达载体。方法：根据Notch1基因cDNA序列，设计靶向目的基因的3个siRNA靶序列，将其插入U6启动子下游，克隆到真核表达载体pGsensil中，并进行酶切鉴定和DNA测序鉴定。采用脂质体介导法将构建好的3个siRNA表达载体分别转染T24人膀胱癌细胞中，荧光下观测转染效率。RT-PCR检测Notch1基因mRNA在转染前后的表达。结果：转染48h后3个siRNA表达载体均不同程度的抑制了Notch1 mRNA的表达。酶切鉴定及DNA测序结果显示插入片断正确。结论：成功构建的靶向Notch1的siRNA真核表达载体，具有抑制Notch1基因mRNA表达的功能，可能为膀胱癌基因治疗研究提供一个新的方向。     

微创模板法内固定钢板取出术的手术配合

对40例四肢骨折愈合患者术前B超定位钢板,术中利用模板钢板定位取出内固定钢板和螺钉.结果 切口长度仅为原切口长度的1/3～1/2,本组术后当天即可下床活动,12 d后拆线,住院7～16 d,平均10.0 d.随访3～32个月,平均11.0个月,36例手术切口一期愈合;4例二期愈合.提出通过做好术前心理护理,了解新术式及掌握手术流程,密切配合医生手术的要求,迅速、及时做好各种准备,才能为手术顺利进行创造条件,保证手术顺利完成.     

带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴软组织缺损

目的总结带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2004年5月-2007年6月，收治小腿开放性骨折伴皮肤软组织缺损患者12例。男9例，女3例；年龄18～75岁。车祸伤8例，压砸伤2例，坠落伤、机器伤各1例。根据Gustilo分型：Ⅱ型2例,ⅢA型5例，ⅢB型5例。骨折位于胫骨上段2例，中段3例，中下段7例。软组织缺损范围5cm×3cm～22cm×10cm，骨外露范围3cm×2cm～6cm×3cm。病程1～12h。入院后以外固定支架或联合克氏针有限内固定重建骨稳定性，采用同侧小腿局部旋转皮（肌）瓣、腓肠神经营养皮（肌）瓣、隐神经营养皮瓣修复创面。皮（肌）瓣切取范围5cm×4cm～18cm×12cm。供区创面采用游离植皮或直接缝合。结果术后2例皮瓣创缘部分感染，1例皮瓣远端部分坏死，经换药处理后创缘Ⅱ期愈合；余患者皮瓣均成活，切口Ⅰ期愈合。供区植皮成活，切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访，随访时间6个月～2年。皮瓣外形满意，质地优良，无明显臃肿。8例出现外固定支架针道感染，外固定取出后痊愈。1例胫骨中下段粉碎性骨折不愈合，2例胫骨中下段骨折延迟愈合，余患者骨折于术后3～4个月愈合。3例超踝关节外固定患者踝关节活动稍差，踝关节背伸0～10^o，跖屈10～30^o，余患者踝关节背伸10～20^o，跖屈30～50^o。结论带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴皮肤软组织缺损是一种安全有效的方法。