Recovery of autologous erythrocytes in transfused patients

A microcapillary method utilizing phthalate esters or an ultracentrifuge method are both capable of separating autologous from homologous erythrocytes in polytransfused patients. The microcapillary technique which is readily adaptable to blood bank laboratories provides a previously unavailable method for defining blood group antigen typings in transfused patients. Such typings are of vital importance in the laboratory evaluation of transfused patients with multiple or weak blood group antibodies.     

脊髓全横断大鼠神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子表达及三七皂苷的干预效应

目的:神经生长因子和脑源性神经营养因子同属神经营养素家族,在神经系统发育及维持正常神经元功能中有重要作用。实验拟证实脊髓全横断损伤三七皂苷对大鼠神经生长因子及脑源性神经营养因子蛋白水平的表达变化产生了影响。方法:实验于2005-06/09在昆明医学院神经科学研究所完成。①实验材料:清洁级健康雌性SD大鼠72只,质量(200±20)g;三七皂苷由云南植物药业提供。②分组及实验过程:大鼠被随机分为4组:假手术组、单纯脊髓全横断损伤组、脊髓全横断损伤 生理盐水(0.5mL/次)组、脊髓全横断损伤 三七皂苷(100mg/kg/次)组,每组18只。于T10水平横断大鼠脊髓,假手术组仅剪开硬脊膜而不损伤脊髓。后2组于术后30min,4,24,48,72h腹腔注射给药各1次。③实验评估:各组于术后3,7及21d分别取6只大鼠L1～2段脊髓制作冰冻切片,采用免疫组织化学ABC法染色。观察并计数脊髓腹角神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子蛋白的表达变化;常规苏木精伊红染色观察脊髓的组织病理变化。结果:72只大鼠全部进入结果分析:①脊髓全横断损伤后脊髓出现明显的神经变性坏死、炎性浸润等病理变化,三七皂苷可减轻这些变化。②神经生长因子蛋白主要分布于灰质神经元胞浆及胶质细胞胞核中。在正常脊髓有少量表达,脊髓损伤后7d表达明显升高,直到伤后21d仍高于假手术组(P<0.05);三七皂苷可明显促进其表达,伤后3,7d均明显高于其他各组(P<0.05),在21d时下降但仍高于假手术组(P<0.05)。③脑源性神经营养因子蛋白主要分布于腹角的运动神经元胞浆中,胶质细胞未见着色。在正常脊髓有少量表达,脊髓损伤后7d表达明显升高(P<0.05),伤后21d已下降,同假手术组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);三七皂苷可明显促进其表达,伤后3,7,21d均明显高于所有对照组(P<0.05)。结论:三七皂苷可减轻脊髓横断性损伤后继发损害,增加神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子表达量及提前神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子表达时间,提示其可以促进脊髓损伤早期修复。     

Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. II. C8 and C9 release C5b67 from the surface of salmonella minnesota S218 because the terminal complex does not insert into the bacterial outer membrane

The mechanism for consumption of terminal complement components and release of bound components from the surface of serum-resistant salmonella minnesota S218 was studied. Consumption of C8 and C9 by S218 occurred through interaction with C5b67 on the bacterial surface because C8 and C9 were consumed when added to S218 organisms previously incubated in C8-deficient serum and washed to remove all C5b67 on the bacterial surface because C8 and C9 were consumed when added to S218 organisms previously incubated in C8- deficient serum and washed to remove al but cell bound C5b67. Rapid release of (125)I C5 and (125)I C7 from the membrane of S218 was dependent on binding of C8 because (125)I C5 and (125)I C7 deposition in C8D serum was stable and was twofold higher in C8D than in PNHA, and addition of purified C8 or C8 and C9 to S218 previously incubated in C8D serum caused rapid release of (125)I C5 and (125)I C7 from the organism. Analysis by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of the fluid phase from the reaction of S218 and 10 percent PNHS revealed a peak consistent with SC5b-9, in which the C9:C7 ratio was 3.3:1, but the NaDOC extracted bound C5b-9 complex sedimented as a broad peak with C9:C7 of less than 1.2:1. Progressive elution of C5b67 and C5b-9 from S218 but not serum-sensitive S. minnesota Re595 was observed with incubation in buffers of increasing ionic strength. Greater than 90 percent of the bound counts of (125)I C5 or (125)I C9 were released from S218 by incubation in 0.1 percent trypsin, but only 57 percent of (125)I C9 were released by treatment of Re595 with trypsin. These results are consistent with the concept that C5b-9 forms on the surface of the serum-sensitive S. minnesota S218 in normal human serum, but the formed complex is released and is not bactericidal for S218 because it fails to insert into hydrophobic outer membrane domains.     

A comparison between naturally occurring macroamylasaemia and macroamylasaemia induced by hydroxyethyl-starch

Macroamylasaemia was produced in vitro by incubation of hydroxyethylstarch with serum, and in vivo by intravenous infusion of hydroxyethylstarch. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 revealed distinct differences in molecular size distribution between such hydroxyethylstarch-induced macroamylase and the usual form of naturally occurring macroamylase which was observed in a few patients from our hospital. Further studies demonstrated that the gel filtration elution pattern of amylase activity in serum containing hydroxyethylstarch-induced macroamylase is significantly altered with time in vitro and in vivo, probably because of an enzymatic degradation of the hydroxyethylstarch components of the macromolecular complexes. In a healthy volunteer the serum amylase activity was elevated to a maximum of 797 u/l and the renal clearance rate of amylase was diminished to a minimum of 0.3 ml/min after infusion of 500 ml of a 6% solution of hydroxyethylstarch, as compared to 300 u/l, and 0.95 ml/min, respectively, during the pre-infusion period.     

骨唾液酸蛋白在体外培养人骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化中的角色

目的：骨唾液酸蛋白在骨矿化形成方面扮演重要角色，实验观察其是否能诱导体外培养的人骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化。方法：实验于2005—10／2006—12在解放军广州军区广州总医院医学实验科完成。①材料来源：选取在本院体检的健康志愿者2人，对本实验均知情同意。采用Ni-NTA亲和纯化技术，从本室构建的毕赤酵母GS115／pPICZaA-hbsp发酵上清中纯化重组人骨唾液酸蛋白。②实验方法：对健康志愿者进行髂骨穿刺抽取骨髓液，采用贴壁法培养得到骨髓间充质干细胞。设立4组：骨唾液酸蛋白组添加0．1nmol／L骨唾液酸蛋白；成骨诱导液组添加10nmol／L地塞米松、10mmol／L磷酸甘油、50mg／L抗坏血酸；联合组添加上述两组的所有试剂；空白对照组不添加任何处理因素；各组均处理细胞12d。⑧实验评估：光镜及电镜观察培养的细胞形态；以细胞计数法测定生长曲线，应用流式细胞仪分析细胞周期，采用免疫荧光细胞化学法和流式细胞分析检测干细胞标志物STRO-1的表达；生化试剂盒测定碱性磷酸酶活性；von Kossa染色法检测钙沉积。结果：①单个骨髓间充质干细胞为长梭形，经骨唾液酸蛋白处理后细胞大而扁平，原来密集的克隆分散开。②与空白对照组比较，骨唾液酸蛋白组引起细胞生长曲线右移，细胞Go／G，期比例平均增加12．09％（P〈0．01），S期比例减少65．92％（P〈0．01），STRO-1阳性细胞百分率下降26．54％（P〈0．01）。⑧与空白对照组比较，骨唾液酸蛋白组细胞碱性磷酸酶活性增加50．0％，成骨诱导液组增加59．5％，联合组增加71．43％，并且随着处理时间的延长，活性增加越显著。④空白对照组细胞vonKossa染色呈阴性，其余各组均呈阳性。其中联合组的黑色矿化结节体积最大、数目最多；骨唾液酸蛋白组的结节体积较小、数目较少；成骨诱导液组居中。结论：骨唾液酸蛋白对人骨髓间充质干细胞有促进成骨分化和矿化作用，且与成骨诱导液联用效果更佳。