28个不同采集地土茯苓(断面红色、白色)中落新妇苷分析及抗炎作用的比较

目的:采用HPLC分析测定28个不同采集地土茯苓(断面红色、白色)中落新妇苷的含量,并通过对土茯苓(断面红色、白色)渗透型炎症的研究,拟对该品种进行药效与成分的评价.方法:RP-HPLC测定落新妇苷含量,采用依利特Hypersil ODS2色谱柱(4.6 mm× 250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-0.1％冰醋酸溶液(21∶ 79),流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长291 nm,柱温25℃,理论塔板数以落新妇苷计不得低于5 000.用毛细血管通透性试验比较不同断面颜色药的抗炎作用.结果:在选定的色谱条件下,落新妇苷在0.003 379 ～4.004 μg呈良好线性关系.加样回收实验加样80％,100％,120％,平均回收率分别为100.1％,101.9％,99.3％.断面白色土茯苓中落新妇苷质量分数为0.19％ ～2.46％,断面红色土茯苓中落新妇苷质量分数为2.10％ ～ 5.92％.药效学实验结果表明,断面白色土茯苓抗炎抑制率为32％,断面红色土茯苓抗炎抑制率仅为21％.结论:红、白2种断面土茯苓中落新妇苷的含量及抗炎作用均存在较大差异,土茯苓中落新妇苷的含量高低与其抗炎作用的强弱不呈正相关.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study preliminarily the cadmium absorption and accumulation in Ligusticum Wallichii to provide a scientific basis for solving the problem of cadmium excess. METHODS The aboveground and underground parts of Ligusticum Wallichii in different growth periods and the rhizosphere soil were collected from Aoping Town, Pengzhou City and Yongshou Town, Meishan City. The cadmium content was determined, and the enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient were calculated. RESULTS The average cadmium content in the underground part was 77.21% higher than that in the aboveground part. The cadmium enrichment coefficients and cadmium transfer coefficients of different parts were both greater than 0.5, and the enrichment coefficient of the underground part was 64.75% higher than the aboveground part. CONCLUSION Ligusticum Wallichii has a certain capacity to absorb and transfer cadmium, and most cadmium is enriched in the medicinal roots.     

Antifungal Activity of Gallic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo

Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol natural compound found in many medicinal plant species, including pomegranate rind (Punica granatum L.), and has been shown to have antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties. Pomegranate rind is used to treat bacterial and fungal pathogens in Uyghur and other systems of traditional medicine, but, surprisingly, the effects of GA on antifungal activity have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of GA on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the NCCLS (M38‐A and M27‐A2) standard method in vitro, and GA was found to have a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, with MICs for all the tested dermatophyte strains between 43.75 and 83.33 μg/mL. Gallic acid was also active against three Candida strains, with MICs between 12.5 and 100.0 μg/mL. The most sensitive Candida species was Candida albicans (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL), and the most sensitive filamentous species was Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 43.75 μg/mL), which was comparable in potency to the control, fluconazole. The mechanism of action was investigated for inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis using an HPLC‐based assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Gallic acid reduced the activity of sterol 14α‐demethylase P450 (CYP51) and squalene epoxidase in the T. rubrum membrane, respectively. In vivo model demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection administration of GA (80 mg/kg d) significantly enhanced the cure rate in a mice infection model of systemic fungal infection. Overall, our results confirm the antifungal effects of GA and suggest a mechanism of action, suggesting that GA has the potential to be developed further as a natural antifungal agent for clinical use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同采集地土茯苓中(切面红色、白色)总糖及多糖含量分析与体外抗氧化作用

目的:分析测定26个不同采集地土茯苓中(切面红色、白色)总多糖及多糖的含量并探讨其体外抗氧化活性。方法:采用蒽酮-硫酸比色法,比较分析不同产地及不同切面颜色土茯苓中总糖及多糖含量;同时,以抗坏血酸为阳性对照,通过DPPH自由基(1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基)清除法来评价该药材中总糖与多糖的抗氧化能力。结果:切面红色土茯苓中总糖的质量分数为1.897 3%~11.680 9%,多糖为0.048 0%~1.863 4%;切面白色土茯苓中总糖的质量分数为7.957 5%~81.681 0%,多糖为0.413 2%~7.963 9%,两者含量差异较大;抗氧化结果表明,总糖及多糖均有清除自由基活性,其IC50依次为抗坏血酸(0.033 4 g·L-1)切面红色多糖(0.176 7 g·L-1)切面白色多糖(0.294 9 g·L-1)切面红色总糖(0.354 8 g·L-1)切面白色总糖(0.769 5 g·L-1)。结论:不同切面颜色及不同产地土茯苓药材中总糖及多糖的含量存在显著性差异,其多糖的含量高低与抗氧化作用的强弱不呈正相关。     

连续股神经阻滞在初次全膝关节置换术后短期内多模式镇痛中的临床疗效分析

目的：比较连续股神经阻滞复合多模式镇痛（治疗组）和常规多模式镇痛（对照组）在初次全膝关节置换手术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）围手术期的镇痛效果及术后6月膝关节功能评估的随访结果。方法：选取2011年10月至2012年10月因膝关节骨关节炎行TKA的患者48例,随机分成2组,每组24例（n=24）。治疗组和对照组分别给予２种方案作为术后镇痛方式。2组患者均采用全身麻醉方式。在围手术期,采用静息、被动、主动视觉模拟评分法观察患者的疼痛评分。观察术后膝关节活动度,相关并发症等指标。在术后6月随访时,根据膝关节学会评分系统对患者膝关节功能进行评估。结果：各项指标提示治疗组患者术后2 d内镇痛效果明显,术后不良反应及6月后膝关节功能２组无统计学差异。结论：连续股神经阻滞配合以多模式镇痛可以有效地缓解TKA患者术后早期疼痛,特别是48 h以内的急性疼痛,从而促进患者膝关节的早期功能恢复,但并不增加全身不良反应,是较为理想的镇痛方案。     

国产麻黄的形态组织学研究——Ⅱ.西南主产种及其它种

本文报道我国西南产麻黄——丽江麻黄Ephedra likiangensis Florin、匍枝丽江麻黄E.likiangensis f.mairei(Florin)C.Y.Cheng、藏麻黄E.saxatilis Royle ex Florin、山岭麻黄E.gerardiana Wall、垫状山岭麻黄E.gerardiana Var.congesta C.Y.Cheng、矮麻黄E.minuta Florin和异株矮麻黄E.minuta var.dioeca C.Y.Cheng,以及形态组织特征较特殊的宁夏产斑子麻黄E.lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng、新疆产窄膜麻黄E.lomatolepis Schrenk,西藏产西藏中麻黄E.intermedia var.tibetica Stapf的生药形态组织学研究结果。并根据对国产麻黄的生药形态组织学的系统研究结果,分别编写了各种国产麻黄(包括13种3变种1变型)的生药性状和生药显微特征检索表。     

Statistical and regulatory issues in nonrandomized medical device clinical studies

While randomized, well-controlled, clinical trials have been viewed as the gold standard in the evaluation of medical products, it is not uncommon for medical device clinical studies to depart from the paradigm of randomized trials, due to ethical or practical reasons. In nonrandomized studies, the advantages of well-designed and conducted randomized clinical trials are no longer available, and consequently the statistical inference obtained from such studies may carry a lower level of scientific assurance, compared to randomized trials. This paper provides a brief overview of nonrandomized medical device clinical studies in terms of design and statistical analysis as well as regulatory issues, including some challenges that frequently arise in those endeavors.     

骨化三醇对腹透患者钙磷代谢及T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 :了解骨化三醇 (1 ,2 5 (OH) 2 D3 ,罗钙全 )对腹膜透析患者钙磷代谢及免疫功能的影晌。方法 :观察 3 7例腹膜透析 (PD)患者服用骨化三醇前后血清T细胞亚群、IL 8以及血免疫反应甲状旁腺激素 (iPTH)、钙、磷水平变化。结果 :用药前PD组血清T淋巴亚群的CD4/CD8低于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,服用骨化三醇 4wk后 ,CD4/CD8从 0 .5 6±0 .1 0升至 0 .79± 0 .1 2 ;而iPTH显著降低 ,血钙显著升高 ,血磷明显下降。结论 :骨化三醇能改善PD患者钙磷代谢 ,进而改善其免疫功能     

教育对海洛因滥用者的行为及艾滋病认知的干预作用

目的:了解教育对海洛因滥用者吸毒行为以及对艾滋病认知的干预作用,探索减少海洛因滥用者中艾滋病传播的途径。方法:采取宣传教育的方式,对试验组进行毒品、艾滋病及安全套使用等相关知识教育,以达到预防性病、艾滋病流行的目的。并使用毒品知识及艾滋病知识、态度、行为情况调查问卷,对海洛因滥用者教育干预前后情况进行评估。结果:试验组在教育干预前后对毒品及艾滋病知识的了解情况有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:教育可以提高海洛因滥用人群对毒品知识及预防艾滋病措施。有利于遏制HIV/AIDS在海洛因滥用人群中的蔓延。     

羟丙基甲基纤维素的性质对药物亲水性骨架片溶出度的影响

考察了羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)的羟丙基含量、HPMC颗粒大小和HPMC的粘度对模型药物卡托普利、扑尔敏和蚓哚美辛(消炎痛)骨架片药物溶出的作用。结果表明药物溶解度不同对骨架片中HPMC不同性质的影响也不同。HPMC羟丙基含量增高,溶出速率加快;而卡托普利和扑尔敏则相反。HPMC颗粒大小对卡托普利和扑尔敏骨架片溶出影响较小,但对蚓跺美辛骨架片有一定影响,表现为HPMC颗粒越小,溶出速率越慢。由HPMCK100构制的骨架片对3种药物均达不到阻滞释放的作用。HPMCK4M,K15M和K100M的粘度差异对卡托普利和扑尔敏的溶出影响不大,但随着粘度增加吲跺美辛的溶出速率减慢。