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The CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) is important in coordinating the immune response following microbial infection by regulating T cell polarization as well as leukocyte migration and accumulation within infected tissues. The present study examines the consequences of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection in mice lacking CCL2 (CCL2(-/-)) in order to determine if signaling by this chemokine is relevant in host defense. Intracerebral infection of CCL2(-/-) mice with MHV did not result in increased morbidity or mortality as compared to either wild type or CCR2(-/-) mice and CCL2(-/-) mice cleared replicating virus from the brain. In contrast, CCR2(-/-) mice displayed an impaired ability to clear virus from the brain that was accompanied by a reduction in the numbers of antigen-specific T cells as compared to both CCL2(-/-) and wild-type mice. The paucity in T cell accumulation within the central nervous system (CNS) of MHV-infected CCR2(-/-) mice was not the result of either a deficiency in antigen-presenting cell (APC) accumulation within draining cervical lymph nodes (CLN) or the generation of virus-specific T cells within this compartment. A similar reduction in macrophage infiltration into the CNS was observed in both CCL2(-/-) and CCR2(-/-) mice when compared to wild-type mice, indicating that both CCL2 and CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) contribute to macrophage migration and accumulation within the CNS following MHV infection. Together, these data demonstrate that CCR2, but not CCL2, is important in host defense following viral infection of the CNS, and CCR2 ligand(s), other than CCL2, participates in generating a protective response. 相似文献
74.
Hendrickx J; Dams E; Coucke P; Lee P; Fernandes J; Willems PJ 《Human molecular genetics》1996,5(5):649-652
X-linked liver glycogenosis type II (XLG II) is a recently described X-
linked liver glycogen storage disease, mainly characterized by enlarged
liver and growth retardation. These clinical symptoms are very similar to
those of XLG I. In contrast to XLG I patients, however, XLG II patients do
not show an in vitro enzymatic deficiency of phosphorylase kinase (PHK).
Recently, mutations were identified in the gene encoding the liver alpha
subunit of PHK (PHKA2) in XLG I patients. We have now studied the PHKA2
gene of four unrelated XLG II patients and identified four different
mutations in the open reading frame, including a deletion of three
nucleotides, an insertion of six nucleotides and two missense mutations.
These results indicate that XLG II is due to mutations in PHKA2. In
contrast to XLG I, XLG II is caused by mutations that lead to minor
structural abnormalities in the primary structure of the liver alpha
subunit of PHK. These mutations are found in a conserved RXX(X)T motif,
resembling known phosphorylation sites that might be involved in the
regulation of PHK. These findings might explain why the in vitro PHK
enzymatic activity is not deficient in XLG II, whereas it is in XLG I.
相似文献
75.
Piehler D Stenzel W Grahnert A Held J Richter L Köhler G Richter T Eschke M Alber G Müller U 《The American journal of pathology》2011,179(2):733-744
Susceptibility to infection with Cryptococcus neoformans is tightly determined by production of IL-4. In this study, we investigated the time course of IL-4 production and its innate cellular source in mice infected intranasally with C. neoformans. We show that pulmonary IL-4 production starts surprisingly late after 6 weeks of infection. Interestingly, in the lungs of infected mice, pulmonary T helper (Th) cells and eosinophils produce significant amounts of IL-4. In eosinophil-deficient ΔdblGATA mice, IL-33 receptor-expressing Th2s are significantly reduced, albeit not absent, whereas protective Th1 and Th17 responses are enhanced. In addition, recruitment of pulmonary inflammatory cells during infection with C. neoformans is reduced in the absence of eosinophils. These data expand previous findings emphasizing an exclusively destructive effector function by eosinophilic granulocytes. Moreover, in ΔdblGATA mice, fungal control is slightly enhanced in the lung; however, dissemination of Cryptococcus is not prevented. Therefore, eosinophils play an immunoregulatory role that contributes to Th2-dependent susceptibility in allergic inflammation during bronchopulmonary mycosis. 相似文献
76.
Karlsson MR Edström-Plüss C Held C Henriksson P Billing E Wallén NH 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2007,30(3):253-261
Type D personality has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease
(CAD). We investigated the effects of expanded cardiac rehabilitation on type D score and psychosocial characteristics in
224 CAD patients randomised to either expanded cardiac rehabilitation (stress management, increased physical training, stay
at a “Patient Hotel” after discharge and cooking sessions), or routine rehabilitation. Follow-up was 1 year. At baseline patients
with a high type D score [patients in the upper quartile of type D score (Q4) i.e., type D patients] had a lower sense of
coherence (p < 0.001), a lower quality of life (p < 0.001), more depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and increased anxiety (p < 0.001) as compared to patients with a low type D score (Q1). During follow-up, type D patients (Q4) randomised to intervention
had significant decrements in type D-score (p < 0.01), depression and anxiety (p < 0.05) and an increment in quality of life scores (p < 0.001). Quality of life was also improved in control type D patients (Q4; p < 0.01) but no significant changes were seen in type D score, depression or anxiety. Expanded cardiac rehabilitation reduces
type D score, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and improves the quality of life in type D patients. 相似文献
77.
Huber Timo Steininger Philipp Irrgang Pascal Korn Klaus Tenbusch Matthias Diesch Katharina Achenbach Susanne Kremer Andreas E. Werblow Marissa Vetter Marcel Bogdan Christian Held Jürgen 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2021,40(9):1983-1997
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases - SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays are used for epidemiological studies and for the assessment of vaccine responses in highly... 相似文献
78.
Huber Timo Steininger Philipp Irrgang Pascal Korn Klaus Tenbusch Matthias Diesch Katharina Achenbach Susanne Kremer Andreas E. Werblow Marissa Vetter Marcel Bogdan Christian Held Jürgen 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2021,40(9):1999-2004
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases - 相似文献
79.
80.
Johann Steurer MD Ulrike Held PhD Lucas M. Bachmann MD PhD David Holzmann MD Peter Ott MD Olli S. Miettinen MD MPH MSc PhD 《Journal of evaluation in clinical practice》2009,15(4):614-619
Background Clinical diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) is a concern when a patient presents with nasal discharge of recent onset together with facial pain or pressure. Given this presentation, the doctor would benefit from having access to software that specifies, first, what diagnostic indicators experts typically use in that diagnosis and then, upon entry of those facts, what experts' typical probability of ABS is in such a case.
Methods We specified a set of 23 hypothetical presentations of this type by patients 20–75 years of age, involving a comprehensive set of clinical-diagnostic indicators. Members of an international expert panel independently set the probability of ABS in each of these cases. A logistic function of the diagnostic indicators was fitted to the medians of the probabilities.
Results The fitting led to an expression of the experts' median probability of ABS as a joint function of the duration of the patient's facial pain/pressure, and indicators of the location(s) of this; indicators of exacerbation of the pain/pressure on bending forward, nasal obstruction, maxillary and/or frontal tenderness, pus from middle meatus, purulent postnasal drip, and fever; and indicators of recent upper respiratory tract infection, nasal polyposis and status post sinus surgery. This probability function is accessible at http://www.evimed.ch/ABS .
Interpretation That probability function, made readily accessible, provides for expertly probability setting in clinical diagnosis of ABS, relevant for decisions about further diagnostics or treatment without further tests. 相似文献
Methods We specified a set of 23 hypothetical presentations of this type by patients 20–75 years of age, involving a comprehensive set of clinical-diagnostic indicators. Members of an international expert panel independently set the probability of ABS in each of these cases. A logistic function of the diagnostic indicators was fitted to the medians of the probabilities.
Results The fitting led to an expression of the experts' median probability of ABS as a joint function of the duration of the patient's facial pain/pressure, and indicators of the location(s) of this; indicators of exacerbation of the pain/pressure on bending forward, nasal obstruction, maxillary and/or frontal tenderness, pus from middle meatus, purulent postnasal drip, and fever; and indicators of recent upper respiratory tract infection, nasal polyposis and status post sinus surgery. This probability function is accessible at http://www.evimed.ch/ABS .
Interpretation That probability function, made readily accessible, provides for expertly probability setting in clinical diagnosis of ABS, relevant for decisions about further diagnostics or treatment without further tests. 相似文献