Analysis of pelvic compensation for dynamic sagittal imbalance using motion analysis

To analyze pelvic compensation during walking in patients with severe sagittal plane deformity by using motion analysis. A total of 44 patients with sagittal plane deformity who were scheduled to undergo surgery were included. Motion analysis was performed 3 consecutive times during walking to estimate the anterior pelvic tilt (Ant-PT) angle, trunk kyphosis (TK) angle, and distance of the center of gravity (CoG) from the center of mass (CoM) of the pelvic segment, and hip and knee joint angles during gait. The patients were classified into Ant-PT+/Ant-PT−, TK+/TK−, and CoG+/CoG− groups according to the changes in Ant-PT angle, TK angle, and distance of the CoG from the CoM of the pelvic segment. Increases and decreases in the values of the variables from the first trial to the third trial were indicated with “+” and “−” signs, respectively. The mean Ant-PT angle, TK angle, and distance of the CoG from the CoM of the pelvic segment increased progressively, and the differences in the values of these variables from the first to the third trials were statistically significant (P = 0.046, P = 0.004, and P = 0.007 for the Ant-PT angle, TK angle, and distance of the CoG from the CoM of pelvic segment, respectively). Among the 44 patients, 27 and 34 were classified into the Ant-PT+ and CoG+ groups, respectively. Older age and higher body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with the Ant-PT+ group. The CoG+ group demonstrated a significantly higher height and weight than the CoG− group. Higher BMI, height, and weight are risk factors for progressive worsening of dynamic sagittal imbalance. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.     

经胸超声心动图引导与造影引导经皮封堵治疗动脉导管未闭的系统评价与Meta分析

目的比较经胸超声心动图与造影引导经皮封堵治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效,为临床应用提供指导。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed及Cochrane Library,查找国内外有关经胸超声心动图与造影引导治疗PDA的对照研究,检索时限均从建库至2019年4月,由2位评价员按纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价质量后,采用RevMan 5.3软件对所收集的资料进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入8篇中文文献,总样本量为681例。Meta分析结果显示,超声组与造影组的手术成功率差异无统计学意义(RR=0.99,95%CI 0.97~1.01,P=0.40);超声组的术后并发症少于造影组(RR=0.26,95%CI 0.11~0.59,P=0.001)。超声组手术时间(P<0.00001)、术中射线量(P<0.00001)、射线暴露时间(P<0.00001)、住院时间(P<0.00001)、住院费用(P<0.00001)均少或短于造影组,差异有统计学意义。结论与造影引导比较,经胸超声心动图引导经皮封堵治疗PDA是一种创伤小、费用低、安全有效的方法,可代替造影引导作为PDA经皮封堵的引导方式之一。     

短暂脑缺血再灌注后突触蛋白Ⅰ表达与细胞凋亡

目的观察短暂脑缺血再灌注对与神经元的早期发育和再生相关的突触蛋白Ⅰ及神经细胞凋亡的影响,进一步了解神经系统的可塑性.方法实验于2003年于同济医院神经内科实验室进行.[1]分组取75只Wister大鼠随机分为模型组(n=51)、假手术组(n=18)和正常对照组(n=6)3组.假手术组18只和模型组18只分为再灌注1,3,6,12,24和72 h6个亚组,进行突触蛋白Ⅰ检测;正常对照组6只和模型组剩余的33只大鼠(分为再灌注1,3,6,12,24,48和72 h 7个亚组)分别进行TUNEL阳性细胞检测、形态学观察和流式细胞仪检测,需获取数据时至少检测2只大鼠.[2]造模模型组采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞模型,缺血10 min后再灌注;假手术组不插入线栓,其余步骤同模型组;正常对照组不干预.[3]观察指标于相应时间点麻醉状态下处死取脑,应用免疫组织化学的方法观察缺血侧额顶叶皮质突触蛋白Ⅰ表达的动态变化,同时采用荧光显微镜、流式细胞仪和脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法检测细胞凋亡情况,分析两者之间的关系.结果经补充后72只大鼠进入结果分析.[1]缺血侧额顶叶皮质突触蛋白Ⅰ的表达模型组再灌注12 h内无明显变化,再灌注24 h低于假手术组(0.199±0.006,0.238±0.008,P＜0.01),至72 h恢复至假手术组水平.[2]细胞凋亡率模型组再灌注24,48和72 h均高于正常对照组[(12.57±9.83)%,(13.56±2.28)%,(16.68±0.66)%,(4.65±0.03)%,P＜0.05].[3]TUNEL阳性细胞率正常对照组和模型组再灌注0～24h均未见阳性细胞,再灌注48和72 h分别为(47.50±3.85)%和(62.66±13.06)%.结论短暂脑缺血再灌注后存在着突触蛋白Ⅰ表达的短暂降低,且与凋亡细胞的出现在时间上非常吻合,提示短暂脑缺血再灌注后存在失神经及其后的神经再获现象,这可能与DNA的损伤和修复有关.     

菱属植物化学成分和药理活性研究

我国菱属植物资源较为丰富,其菱实在民间被广泛应用,具有很高的食用价值和药用价值,其中被丢弃的菱壳也显示出很多药理活性,通过对菱属植物的化学成分和药理活性进行综述,展望今后菱属植物的研究重点和应用前景,对菱属植物化学成分及其药理活性进行更深入的研究,并为今后合理开发利用该属植物资源提供依据.     

对《中国药典》2010年版盐酸精氨酸含量测定方法的改进

目的：建立《中国药典》2010年版盐酸精氨酸含量测定中革除汞盐的方法.方法：采用电位滴定法,用醋酸钠滴定液对高氯酸进行返滴定.结果：空白溶液不干扰测定,方法精密度为99.5％（RSD=0.22％,n=6）,准确度良好,测定值与真实值相对偏差为0.05％,供试品溶液在4h内稳定.革除汞盐后方法含量测定结果与原方法测定结果基本一致,可代替原方法.结论：该方法简便、易行,精密度与准确度良好,可用于盐酸精氨酸含量测定.     

Effect of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on NF-κB activation and CYP2E1 content of rats with immunological liver injury

Context: Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Recent studies have shown that NF-κB plays an essential role in the regulation of genes whose products are involved in the pathogenesis of immunological liver injury.

Objective: To study the function of NF-κB in immunological liver injury of rat model and its effect on CYP2E1 content and metabolic activity.

Materials and methods: The present study investigated the effect of passivating NF-κB activation on CYP2E1 using Bacillus calmette Guérin (BCG)-induced immunological liver injury in Sprague–Dawley rats measured in terms of enzyme levels. The degree of hepatic injury of rats was measured by using biochemical parameters, hepatic tissue pathological changes, and physiological parameters. Protein localization of liver NF-κB was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB, IκBα, iNOS, and CYP2E1. The content of CYP2E1 of homogenate in the rat liver was detected by ELISA assay and the enzyme kinetics of CYP2E1 probe drug chlorzoxazone was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay.

Results: The results showed that BCG-pretreatment (125?mg/kg) significantly (p?p?in vivo. Moreover, PDTC (ED₅₀: 76?mg/kg) dose dependently inhibited down-regulation of CYP2E1 (p?Conclusion: Passivation of NF-κB can inhibit the down-regulation of CYP2E1 and iNOS to induce in rat liver tissue with immunological liver injury; NF-κB may be involved in the CYP2E1 regulation through iNOS.     

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Content and Risk Assessment From Edible Oils in Korea

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content and a risk assessment from consumption of Korean edible oils were investigated. Liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy were used to measure eight PAH in edible oils commonly consumed in Korea. The total average PAH concentration was 0.548 μg/kg from edible oils and the content of the 8 PAH was lower than 2 μg/kg, which is the maximum tolerable limit reported by the commission regulation. The contents of the eight PAH were converted to exposure assessment and risk characterization values. Dietary exposure to PAH from edible oils was 0.025 ng-TEQ_BaP/kg/d, and margin of exposure (MOE) was 4 × 10⁶, which represents negligible concern. Although PAH were detected from edible oils in Korea, their contribution to human exposure to PAH is considered not significant.     

Aliskiren ameliorates pressure overload-induced heart hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice

Aim:

Aliskiren (ALK) is a renin inhibitor that has been used in the treatment of hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine whether ALK could ameliorate pressure overload-induced heart hypertrophy and fibrosis, and to elucidate the mechanisms of action.

Methods:

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed in mice to induce heart pressure overload. ALK (150 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, po), the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (10 mg·kg⁻¹ per week, ip) or the PKCβI inhibitor {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY333531","term_id":"1257370768","term_text":"LY333531"}}LY333531 (1 mg·kg⁻¹·d-¹, po) was administered to the mice for 4 weeks. Heart hypertrophy, fibrosis and function were evaluated based on echocardiography, histological and biochemical measurements. Mechanically stretched cardiomyocytes of rats were used for in vitro experiments. The levels of signaling proteins were measured using Western blotting, while the expression of the relevant genes was analyzed using real-time QRT-PCR.

Results:

TAC induced marked heart hypertrophy and fibrosis, accompanied by high levels of Ang II in plasma and heart, and by PKCβI/α and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in heart. Meanwhile, TAC induced autophagic responses in heart, i.e. increases in autophagic structures, expression of Atg5 and Atg16 L1 mRNAs and LC3-II and Beclin-1 proteins. These pathological alterations in TAC-mice were significantly ameliorated or blocked by ALK administration. In TAC-mice, 3-methyladenine administration also ameliorated heart hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction, while {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY333531","term_id":"1257370768","term_text":"LY333531"}}LY333531 administration inhibited ERK phosphorylation and autophagy in heart. In mechanically stretched cardiomyocytes, {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"CGP53353","term_id":"875191971","term_text":"CGP53353"}}CGP53353 (a PKCβI inhibitor) prevented ERK phosphorylation and autophagic responses, while U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) blocked autophagic responses.

Conclusion:

ALK ameliorates heart hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction in the mouse model in setting of chronic pressure overload, via suppressing Ang II-PKCβI-ERK1/2-regulated autophagy.     

Management of the Pulmonary Artery during Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Left Upper Lobectomy

Background

Complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (c-VATS) for left upper lobectomy is difficult due to the branching pattern of the left pulmonary artery.

Objective

Our purpose was to report outcomes of a modified technique of c-VATS left upper lobectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 83 patients with stage I/II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received left upper lobectomy between 2008 and 2011; 32 underwent conventional c-VATS and 50 received modified c-VATS. In the modified procedure, the order in which hilum of lung was treated was from the lingular segmental artery to the superior pulmonary vein to the bronchus, and then finally the pulmonary artery.

Results

The mean patient age was 63.6 ± 8.4 years, and no differences were observed in age, gender, and largest tumor diameter between the two groups. No conversion occurred in either group. The surgical time for modified c-VATS was significantly shorter than that for conventional c-VATS (210 vs. 270 min, p < 0.001). Drainage time after surgery and length of hospitalization for the modified c-VATS group were significantly less than those for the conventional group (drainage 3 vs. 4 days, respectively, p = 0.041; length of hospitalization 7 versus 12 days, respectively; p < 0.001). Surgical margins were clear in all cases. Four (8.0 %) complications occurred in the modified procedure group compared with ten (31.3 %) in the conventional group (p = 0.015).

Conclusion

This new technique offers shorter surgical and postoperative drainage time, shorter hospital stays, and fewer complications than conventional c-VATS upper left lobectomy.