Detecting spontaneous deception in the brain

Deception detection can be of great value during the juristic investigation. Although the neural signatures of deception have been widely documented, most prior studies were biased by difficulty levels. That is, deceptive behavior typically required more effort, making deception detection possibly effort detection. Furthermore, no study has examined the generalizability across instructed and spontaneous responses and across participants. To explore these issues, we used a dual‐task paradigm, where the difficulty level was balanced between truth‐telling and lying, and the instructed and spontaneous truth‐telling and lying were collected independently. Using Multivoxel pattern analysis, we were able to decode truth‐telling versus lying with a balanced difficulty level. Results showed that the angular gyrus (AG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and postcentral gyrus could differentiate lying from truth‐telling. Critically, linear classifiers trained to distinguish instructed truthful and deceptive responses could correctly differentiate spontaneous truthful and deceptive responses in AG and IFG with above‐chance accuracy. In addition, with a leave‐one‐participant‐out analysis, multivoxel neural patterns from AG could classify if the left‐out participant was lying or not in a trial. These results indicate the commonality of neural responses subserved instructed and spontaneous deceptive behavior as well as the feasibility of cross‐participant deception validation.     

Isolated Peritoneal Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Presenting with Massive Ascites: A Case Report

The peritoneal carcinomatosis of prostate cancer without bone or other visceral organ involvement is extremely rare. We report a case of an isolated peritoneal metastasis of prostate cancer in a patient without other metastatic sites and a history of prostate surgery. A 63-year-old male with locally advanced prostate cancer without known distant metastasis on androgen deprivation therapy presented with abdominal distension that had persisted for a month. Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) showed gastric wall thickening and a moderate amount of ascites. The gastroscopy showed hyperemic mucosal patches on the antrum body. A cytological examination of the ascites fluid was negative for malignant cells. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed multiple nodules in the peritoneum. A biopsy was performed. Histological findings were compatible with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate, which was immunohistochemically positive for pan-cytokeratin, the androgen receptor, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The patient was then treated with abiraterone acetate. After 1 month of treatment, both ascites and the PSA value decreased. We describe an extremely rare case of isolated peritoneal carcinomatosis from prostate cancer without any organ metastasis or history of surgery. Clinicians should be aware of these very rare metastases of prostate cancer. Hormonal therapy may be helpful for such cases.     

Practical Application of Iterative Decomposition of Water and Fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-Squares Estimation (IDEAL) Imaging in Minimizing Metallic Artifacts

Iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and the least-squares estimation (IDEAL) is a recently developed method for robust separation of fat and water with very high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) efficiency. In contrast to conventional fat-saturation methods, IDEAL is insensitive to magnetic field (B0 and B1) inhomogeneity. The aim of this study was to illustrate the practical application of the IDEAL technique in reducing metallic artifacts in postoperative patients with metallic hardware. The IDEAL technique can help musculoskeletal radiologists make an accurate diagnosis particularly in musculoskeletal imaging by reducing metallic artifacts, enabling the use of contrast enhancement, improving SNR performance, and providing various modes of MR images with one scan parameter.     

尿道发育不良性阴茎弯曲的手术矫治

目的临床研究尿道发育不良性阴茎弯曲27例的手术方式和疗效。方法皮肤切口绕过菲薄尿道,脱蜕尿道表面阴茎皮肤,切断阴茎腹侧之深浅筋膜,伸直阴茎,手术不伤及尿道。结果27例阴茎下弯得以伸直,其中1例因留置橡胶导尿管导致阴茎部尿道狭窄,经尿扩治疗2年余,排尿尚通畅。结论采取保护菲薄尿道的切口脱蜕阴茎皮肤,切断增厚的阴茎筋膜能伸直Ⅰ型弯曲的阴茎。     

Predictable Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Gastric Cancer—Analysis of Single Institutional Experience

Introduction  

Prediction of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer (EGC) is very important to decide treatment strategies preoperatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that predict the presence of lymph node metastasis and to indentify the differences between mucosal and submucosal gastric cancers.     

Spontaneous rupture of a sigmoid colon gastrointestinal stromal tumor manifesting as pneumoretroperitoneum with localized peritonitis: Report of a case

Colonic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) account for only 5%-10% of tumors arising in the digestive tract. Spontaneous rupture is a very rare manifestation of a GIST; however, we report what to our knowledge is the first documented case of pneumoretroperitoneum caused by the rupture of a GIST. A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with acute abdominal pain and hematochezia. Colonoscopy showed luminal narrowing in the sigmoid colon, but no definite mucosal defect. Computed tomography (CT) showed an air-containing heterogeneous mass, 9.7 × 9.3 cm, in the pelvic cavity and a small amount of air in the retroperitoneum. Emergency laparotomy revealed a ruptured sigmoid colonic GIST with localized peritonitis. Pathologic examination confirmed that the tumor was composed mainly of round epithelioid cells. It was immunohistochemically positive for CD34 and negative for C-kit protein. This report describes how we successfully managed pneumoretroperitoneum with localized peritonitis caused by the spontaneous rupture of an epithelioid GIST originating from the sigmoid colon.