青年甲状腺癌的外科治疗分析

目的 探讨青年甲状腺癌患者群的构成、外科治疗方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析2002年至2009年收治的44例青年甲状腺癌和83例老年甲状腺癌的临床资料.结果 44例青年患者中,男女比为1:3.89,存在明显差异;分化型甲状腺癌约占93.18%,其中乳头状癌占86.36%.83例老年患者中,男女比为1:2.19;分化型甲状腺癌约占73.49%,其中乳头状癌占67.47%.手术方式主要采取患侧腺叶、峡部切除加对侧叶次全切除术.结论 本组甲状腺癌以分化型甲状腺癌为主;手术应根据病变性质、TNM分期及患者情况采取个体化方案,而专业化培训、细致操作、规范化手术过程可有效减少并发症的发生;规范、系统的激素治疗和必要时的131I治疗,可降低术后复发率.     

胃癌D2根治术后胰漏及其相关因素分析

目的 分析胃癌D2根治术后胰漏的发生率及其原因.方法 连续收集2009年7月1日至12月31日间经复旦大学附属中山医院胃癌专业组收治132例胃癌D2根治术患者的临床资料,测定术后第1、4、7天腹腔引流液及血清淀粉酶浓度,根据术后第1天的腹腔引流液淀粉酶值诊断胰漏.观察胰漏的发生率,并结合临床资料分析影响胰漏发生的因素.结果本组胰漏发生率为17.4%.胰漏的发生与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤分期、N分期、切除范围、引流液量及术后血清淀粉酶值无关.结论 胰漏在胃癌D2根治术后发生率较高,术中需常规预防性腹腔引流.     

腹腔镜下扩大性膀胱部分切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗脐尿管癌

Objective To discuss the techniques and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic partial cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for urachal adenocarcinoma. Methods From July 2006 to April 2008, 4 patients with urachal adenocarcinoma were managed by the laparoscopic procedure. Three patients were male, the other one was female, with a median age of 51 (range 42 to 66)years. The mean size of tumors was 3.4(rang 1.9 to 5.4)cm in diameter. Three of them were diagnosed as mucinous adenocarcinoma, the other one was adenocarcinoma. There was 1 patient at stage Ⅱ , and the other three as stage Ⅲ according to Sheldon Stage. Four patients were performed by transperitoneal approach. The boundaries of resection were similar to the open surgery, including resection of the tumor with normal margins, the peritoneum lateral to the two medial unbilical ligaments,the posterior sheath of the rectus muscle and the muscle fibers of the rectus muscle below it, and bilateral pelvic lymphanodes. Results The procedure was successfully in all 4 patients, with a mean operative time of 220(range 150 to 350)min, a mean estimated blood loss of 180 (range 120 to 290)ml.No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred, except for an inferior epigastric artery injury in 1 case. The mean postoperative in-dwelling urinary catheter time was 6 (range 5 to 7)d, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 6 (range 5 to 8)d. All 36 resected lymph nodes (range 8 to 11) were negative. At a median follow-up of 25(range 15 to 36) months, there was no evidence of recurrent disease by radiologic or cystoscopic evaluation. Conclusion Laparoscopic partial cystectomy and bilateral extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in selected patients with urachal tumors could be a safe, feasible, minimally invasive procedure.     

p65基因序列shRNA慢病毒载体构建及其作用功能的初步研究

Objective To obtain shRNA sequences that can stably block the expression of Nuclear Factor kappa- B (p65) in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and construct the lentivirus vector.And validate the gene function of p65 in the cell line. Methods According to p65 genetic information, we design siRNA1, siRNA2, siRNA3 those three siRNA sequences targeting the ods area of p65 gene and then form the corresponding four pairs of complementary single strand DNA of shRNA, including the sense strand and the antisense strand. The synthetic shRNA sequence was inserted into the empty pSIH1-H1-copGFP shRNA Vector, and after transfecting the prostate cancer cells , the inhibitory effect of p65 mRNA by different sequences was detected through real-time PCR, and the inhibitory effect of p65 protein expression was detected by Western-blotting. Thus we can obtain highly effective shRNA sequences in the inhibition of p65 in prostate cancer cells. MTT, flow cytometry, transwell were chosen to test the cell growth, migration and invasive power in vitro to compare the difference of the experimental group, control group and negative group. Results The third shRNA sequence had the best inhibitory effect and the inhibitory effect of p65 mRNA in prostate cancer cell line was 59 % and the protein was 81%. It's position locates in p65 (NM_021975 ) 1096-1113 and it's stemloop sequence is 5'-GATCCGCCCTATCCCTTTACGTCATTCAAGAGATGACGTAAAGGGATAGGGCTTTTTG-3'. After transfecting, the prostate cancer cell line had the low expression of p65 stably. Through MTT, we got the growth curve, which showed that the growth ability of experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group and the Logarithmic growth didn't appear in the first 96 hours. Flow cytometry test displayed that the percentage of G0-G1-phase cells in experimental group was 61.49%, and the control group was 44.89%, idle group was 41.52%, which was increasing oberviously. The S-phase cells in the experimental group was 28.58%, compared with the 47.36% and 46. 10% diminished. The results of transwell showed that the experimental group had 16. 5000±6. 62076 cells and the other two groups had 45. 6333 13. 54159 and 36. 8333±5. 68412 cells, which showed the invasive power of experimental group was significantly declined(P＜0.05).Conclusions It's successful to obtain shRNA sequences that can stably block the expression of p65 in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and construct the lentivirus vector. p65 can positively regulates the biological behavior of prostate cancer LNCaP cell line in the cell growth, migration and invasive power.     

椎体切除截骨矫形术治疗胸腰段脊柱后凸的疗效观察

目的观察椎体切除截骨矫形术治疗胸腰段脊柱后凸的矫正效果。方法2004年8月至2008年7月,采用后路椎体切除截骨矫形椎弓根钉棒固定植骨融合术治疗15例脊柱后凸患者,男10例,女5例;年龄12～62岁,平均32.3岁;后凸角度45°～110°,平均78.5°。病因：椎体肿瘤术后3例,先天性脊柱畸形5例,创伤后脊椎后凸4例,椎体结核术后3例。受累节段：均位于胸腰段,T_（11） 3例,T_（12） 5例,L_1 5例,L_2 2例。椎体切除：部分切除4例,单节段切除8例,2节段切除2例,4节段切除1例。术前,术后1周、3个月、1年摄全脊柱X线片,同时行MR及CT检查。结果全部获得随访,随访时间为10个月～3年,平均26个月。术后后凸角为0°～40°,平均20°,平均改善68.5°。术后患者腰痛均消失。脊髓功能：13例E级无明显变化,1例由Frankel C级恢复至D级,另1例由D级恢复至E级。8～12个月X线片示截骨融合,无一例出现钉棒松动、断裂、假关节形成及矫正度数丢失等。结论椎体切除截骨矫形是治疗脊柱后凸畸形的有效手段,能达到矢状面和冠状面的同时矫正且矫形彻底。     

前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的研究现状与进展

随着对前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的研究不断深入,对前交叉韧带胫骨止点骨折的解剖研究、分类、诊断和治疗技术得到很大的发展。过去认为前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折不易解剖复位及维持复位的原因是软组织嵌入,目前认为也与ACL的回缩及外侧半月板牵制的复合力量密切相关。传统分类方法以Meyers and McKeever为准,而国内赵金忠提出新的分类方法及诠释。治疗上以前多采用切开复位内固定,现多在关节镜下行复位固定,而固定方式也多种多样,如克氏针固定法、螺丝钉固定法、丝线固定法等,对各种固定方式的力学特点及对比也有了进一步研究。     

腹腔镜手术治疗食管裂孔疝的42体会

目的探讨使用腹腔镜行食管裂孔疝修补术的疗效和安全性。方法对42例食管裂孔疝患者行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术,其中32例行胃底360°折叠术(Nissen术),10例行胃底270°部分折叠术(Toupet术)。39例采用4号丝线缝合修补疝缺口,3例应用补片修补疝缺口。结果42例腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术全部成功。手术时间平均(138±22)min,失血平均(62±16)ml;无术后并发症;术后平均住院(5.2±1.9)d。术后症状完全消失32例(76%),好转10例(24%)。结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术具有疗效确定、安全和创伤小的优点,值得进一步推广应用。     

腹膜前间隙网片修补治疗嵌顿性股疝24例临床分析

目的探讨无张力疝修补术治疗嵌顿性股疝的效果。方法回顾分析我院2004年l月至2009年11月24例嵌顿性股疝患者应用腹膜前间隙平铺网片修补耻骨肌孔进行手术治疗的临床资料。结果全组病例术后均痊愈,无局部异物感,无感染,随诊无复发。结论腹膜前间隙网片修补耻骨肌孔是对腹股沟区的全面修补,是治疗股疝的一种合理而理想的手术方式。     

不稳定型骨盆骨折合并多发伤的损伤控制

目的探讨损伤控制骨科(damage control orthopaedics,DCO)技术在不稳定型骨盆骨折合并多发伤中的应用。方法回顾性分析应用DCO技术治疗的43例不稳定型骨盆骨折合并多发伤患者的临床资料:第一阶段用骨盆外固定支架固定不稳定型骨盆骨折,并进行其他简化手术、控制致命性大出血;第二阶段行ICU复苏治疗;第三阶段行确定性修复重建手术。结果 2例死亡,4例未随访,37例平均随访23.6月。按Matta标准评定疗效:优18例,良12例,可2例,差5例,总优良率81.1%。结论不稳定型骨盆骨折合并多发伤病情较重,采用DOC技术有利于稳定血流动力学,提高救治成功率,降低死亡率和伤残率。     

七氟醚-咪达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导用于颈部制动患者无肌松药气管插管的可行性

目的 评价七氟醚-咪达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导用于颈部制动患者无肌松药气管插管的可行性.方法 颈椎骨折伴脱位拟在全麻下手术患者40例,年龄13～68岁,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03 mg/kg,面罩吸入5%七氟醚,每30 s递减1%,直至3%.待患者睫毛反射消失时,45 s内缓慢静脉注射瑞芬太尼2μg/kg,30 s后停止吸入七氟醚,气管插管后行机械通气.记录睫毛反射消失时间,采用Viby-Mogensen评分法评价气管插管条件.结果 睫毛反射消失时间(69±4)s,一次气管插管成功率为100%,喉镜置入顺利,声门暴露基本良好.3例患者气管插管时出现轻微呛咳.气管插管条件优良率100%.所有患者SpO2均＞95%,气管插管前至气管插管后3 min BIS值40～55.结论 七氟醚-咪达唑仑-瑞芬太尼麻醉诱导迅速而平稳,可提供良好的气管插管条件,适用于颈部制动患者无肌松药气管插管,安全可行.