Fat and dietary fiber intake and colon cancer mortality: a chronological comparison between Japan and the United States

To estimate the role of dietary fiber (DF) and fat in the striking growth of colon cancer mortality in Japan after World War II, we analyzed relations between the above variables in comparison with those in the United States. In the United States, fat intake grew by only one-third over the past 70 years (from 124 g in 1909-1913 to 166 g in 1984), whereas colon cancer mortality increased fourfold (from 5 to 20 per 100,000). In Japan, although fat intake roughly doubled during the 40 years after World War II (from 20 to 38 g), colon cancer mortality grew 5.5-fold (from 2 to 11 per 100,000). It is difficult to give a consistent explanation for the growth patterns of colon cancer mortality in both countries on the basis of fat consumption as a cancer promoter. In the United States, DF intake continuously dwindled at a level always less than in Japan throughout this century. DF intake in Japan also declined rather steadily, except for war time, over the past 80 years. However, with regard to the growth pattern of colon cancer mortality, it began rising steeply around the period when the daily DF intake diminished below 20 g, suggesting the presence of a threshold level in this neighborhood in preventing the development of colon cancer.     

补肾益智方对阿尔茨海默病大鼠模型脑内胆碱能神经系统的保护作用

为探讨自制方补肾益智方 (由蛇床子、枸杞子、女贞子、人参、制首乌等组成 )治疗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimerdisease ,AD)的可能神经生物学机制 ,应用乙酰胆碱酯酶组织化学染色方法 ,研究了该方对D -半乳糖合并鹅膏蕈氨酸损毁大脑Meynert基底核的实验性阿尔茨海默病大鼠模型脑内胆碱能神经系统的保护作用 ,结果显示 :补肾益智方灌胃组大鼠脑内广泛区域的乙酰胆碱酯酶阳性神经纤维密度较模型对照组增加 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ,提示该方对AD模型脑内胆碱能神经元具有一定的保护作用。     

山药对糖尿病小鼠组织丙二醛含量的影响

目的：观察山药对糖尿病小鼠组织丙二醛（ ＭＤＡ） 含量的影响。方法：采用四氧嘧啶制作糖尿病小鼠模型,并以优降糖作阳性对照,连续２１ 天用不同剂量山药灌胃治疗,比较各组心脏、肝脏、肾脏和胰脏过氧化脂质的终末代谢产物ＭＤＡ 含量。结果：①对照组四器官ＭＤＡ显著高于正常组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１ 或Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） ;②剂量在６ ．００ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ－ １ 以上山药各治疗组四器官ＭＤＡ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０．００１） ;③与优降糖组比,除肝脏ＭＤＡ 较高外（Ｐ＜ ０．００１） ,中、大剂量山药组心、胰、肾组织ＭＤＡ 较低（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 。结论：山药能明显降低糖尿病小鼠组织内过氧化脂质含量,尤其对心组织作用最强,其次为胰、肾和肝组织,而优降糖对胰组织过氧化脂质无明显影响。     

脱位晶状体摘出联合后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术

目的　探讨晶状体脱位手术摘出联合Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体缝线固定的临床疗效。方法　对１５眼脱位晶状体,其中Ｍａｒｆａｎ 综合征２ 眼、钝挫性晶状体脱位７ 眼、确诊为单纯性晶状体脱位３ 眼、白内障囊外摘出术中晶状体脱入玻璃体内３ 眼进行晶状体摘出联合后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术。结果　术后视力在０．１ 以上者１３ 眼（８６．７％ ）,０．５ 以上者９眼（６０％ ）;主要手术并发症：前房少量出血、高眼压、虹膜炎性反应、玻璃体腔内出血,术后１～２ｗ ｋ 均得到控制。结论　此术式是一种安全有效、视力恢复满意的治疗方法,可获得好的临床效果。     

春季结膜炎穹窿结膜的临床病理

证明春季结膜炎在穹窿结膜的临床病理。方法：详细记载球（角膜缘）、睑及穹窿结膜的临床表现;对３８眼（２１例）的穹窿结膜（上穹窿３４眼、下穹窿４眼）进行活检,组织切片ＨＥ染色,光学显微镜下观察病理改变。结果：结膜上皮不同程度增生,上皮下淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润或胶元纤维增生,３８眼标本中３２眼有嗜酸性白细胞、１眼有嗜碱性白细胞浸润。一极轻病例双眼下穹窿结膜只有很少几个淋巴细胞,其中却散在个别嗜酸性白细胞。结论：春季结膜炎的临床病理改变包括穹窿结膜。     

Clinical studies of efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium against urinary tract infections with ureterocutaneostomy]

Clinical efficacy of IPM/CS against urinary tract infections (UTI) was evaluated on 19 patients with malignancies (bladder tumor: 15, prostate cancer: 3, uterus cancer: 1) and 1 patient with a benign disorder (ureter stenosis) who had undergone ureterocutaneostomy between January, 1988 and December, 1990. Their ages ranged from 42 to 79 years. Postoperatively, they had UTI with pyuria of greater than or equal to 5/hpf and bacteriuria of greater than or equal to 10(4)/ml. IPM/CS was administered at a dose of 0.5 g (0.25g/0.25 g) twice a day through intravenous drip infusion. Its efficacy was evaluated according to the UTI criteria for clinical evaluation as ruled by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy. Overall clinical value was rated "excellent" in 4 (20%), "moderate" in 9 (45%) and "poor" in 7 (35%) cases for a total of 65%. The efficacy by types of infection was 33% and 70.6% in the group of single infection and in the group of mixed infection, respectively. As to bacteriological efficacy 34 of the 38 strains (89.5%) isolated were eradicated following its administration. The eradication rate was 84.6% for P. aeruginosa, and 84.6% for E. faecalis. Microbes which appeared after its dosing amounted to 6 classes of 17 strains, 6 NFB strains of which were identified. As a side effect, elevation of serum GPT (5%) was noted. Regardless of the underlying conditions (malignant diseases and ureterocutaneostomy), clinical efficacy of IPM/CS was appreciable. In addition, the MIC for (P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis) of IPM/CS was lower than that of PIPC.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方苯甲酸乳膏中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定复方苯甲酸乳膏中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量。方法:色谱柱为Hypersil C_(18)柱(4.6nm×250mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(44:56),流速0.8mL·min~(-1),检测波长为226nm。结果:苯甲酸和水杨酸分别在15.20～76.00mg·L~(-1)和7.64～38.20mg·L~(-1)范围内线性良好(r=0.9999);日内、日间RSD在0.030～4.79％,高、中、低浓度回收率在98.54％～101.20％。分析了3批样品,结果满意。结论:本方法简便,快速,准确,可作为复方苯甲酸乳膏的质量控制方法。     

Radiographic Diagnosis of Early Colorectal Cancer, with Special Reference to the Superficial Type of Invasive Carcinoma

The possibility of radiographically diagnosing carcinoma with submucosal involvement (invasive carcinoma) is discussed based on 119 invasive carcinomas of the large bowel that had been treated surgically and colonoscopically over a period of 9 years (1989—1997) at the Cancer Institute Hospital in Tokyo. Of these lesions, 38 were superficial-type invasive carcinoma, accounting for 31.9% (38/119) of all invasive colorectal carcinomas, including 36 lesions (94.7%, 36/38) of types IIa and IIa+IIc and 2 lesions (5.3%, 2/38) of type IIc+IIa. No pure type IIc was seen. The radiographic images obtained were correlated with macroscopic findings and analyzed in terms of visualization of the lesion's contour, central depression, converging folds, and basal indentation. A definitive diagnosis of superficial invasive carcinoma can be made radiographically if a lesion measures 10 mm and reveals moderate to severe basal indentation in a complete or nearly complete profile radiographic image. Attention should be paid to the presence of superficial-type advanced carcinomas measuring 10 mm or less, which is not infrequently experienced in Japan. Polypoid invasive carcinoma can be definitively diagnosed in the same way with much more certainty than can the superficial type because few polypoid advanced carcinomas are less than 20 mm. The size and the radiographic sign of the basal indentation are the most important indicators for the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. E-pub: 27 July 2000     

中西医结合治疗乳腺囊性增生症和乳痛症4370例

目的：探讨中西医结合的方法对乳腺囊性增生症和乳痛症的临床疗效。方法：1988～1995年收治的2270例病例采用乙烯雌酚、黄体酮、溴隐亭、他莫昔芬、VitE等西药；中成药选乳块消、乳癖消、乳核散结片、小金片等；中药汤剂如二仙汤、龙胆泄肝肠、逍遥散等。疗程3～6个月，追踪观察1～7年。1996～2002年收治2100例。以中药汤剂解郁化痰消癣汤为主。配以西药他莫昔芬、VitE，中成药小金片、乳核散结片、乳康片等，治疗3～18个月，追踪观察l～6年。结果：1988～1995年收治的单纯乳腺囊性增生症810例总有效率86．79％，单纯乳痛症562例的总有效率为90．75％；乳腺囊性增生症合并乳痛症898例，其中乳腺囊性增生症总有效率为90．98％，乳痛症总有效率为90．59％。1996～2002年收治的单纯乳腺囊性症896例，总有效率为100％，单纯乳痛症515例，总有效率为100％；乳腺囊性增生症合并乳痛症857例，其中乳腺囊性增生症总有效率为98．13％，乳痛症总有效率100％。结论：中西医结合治疗囊性乳腺增生症和乳痛症临床效果明显。     

HPLC测定人血清中利福平的浓度

目的　建立测定血清中利福平浓度的高效液相色谱法 ,并应用于临床。方法　采用Nova -pakC18色谱柱 (4 μm ,15 0nm× 3.9mm) ,以甲醇 - 0 .0 2mol·L-1醋酸钠 (6 2∶4 0 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 334nm ,测定口服利福平 4d以上的患者血清中利福平的浓度。结果　血清中利福平在 0 .5～ 16 .0 μg·ml-1范围内浓度与峰面积线性关系良好 (r=0 .9992 ) ,平均回收率为99 .4 3% ,日内、日间RSD <5 .0 %。结论　所用方法准确、灵敏 ,用血量少 ,适用于治疗药物监测 ,为临床用药提供数据参考