糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症骨代谢特征分析

目的 探讨糖皮质激素性骨质疏松症（glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis,GIOP）患者的骨代谢特点,为继发性骨质疏松症鉴别诊断及GIOP治疗药物选择提供依据。方法 选取2019年6月至2021年6月收住福建省立医院的研究对象共88例,分为GIOP组（48例）和正常对照组（40例）。收集两组一般临床资料、骨代谢生化指标、钙调激素及骨密度,分析两组间各项指标的差异有无统计学意义,分析GIOP组生化指标、钙调激素与骨代谢的相关性。结果 GIOP组患者的骨形成指标总I型胶原氨基酸延长肽（tPINP）水平较正常对照组更低,具有显著性差异。GIOP组中,Pearson相关分析显示,tPINP分别与β-胶原特殊系列（r=0.509,P＜0.01）、骨钙素(r=0.750,P＜0.01)、磷（r=0.294,P＜0.05）呈正相关;骨钙素分别与β-胶原特殊系列 (r=0.524,P＜0.01)、磷（r=0.403,P＜0.01）呈正相关;甲状旁腺素与磷（r=-0.439,P＜0.01）呈负相关。结论 骨形成减少可能是GIOP的重要发病机制之一,选择促进成骨细胞活性或者抗成骨细胞凋亡药物可能会提高GIOP患者的疗效。     

镜下撬顶复位植骨填充治疗Schatzke Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折

[目的]介绍镜下撬顶复位植骨填充治疗Schatzke Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折的手术技术和初步临床效果.[方法]2017年1月-2018年1月,对16例Schatzke Ⅲ型胫骨平台骨折患者采用关节镜监视下撬顶复位,植入同种异体骨,并以自体骨栓填塞固定进行治疗.首先建立标准膝关节镜内外侧入路,利用前叉定位器确定胫骨平台塌陷的中...     

Factores de riesgo,manejo y supervivencia del cáncer vesical después de trasplante renal

Introduction and objectivesKidney transplantation is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer; however guidelines have not been established on the management of bladder cancer after kidney transplantation.Materials and methodsA systematic literature review using PubMed was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement to identify studies concerning the prevalence and survival of bladder cancer after kidney transplantation. The risk factors and management of bladder cancer after kidney transplantation were also reviewed and discussed.ResultsA total of 41 studies, published between 1996 and 2018, reporting primary data on bladder cancer after kidney transplantation were identified. Marked heterogeneity in bladder cancer prevalence, time to diagnosis, non-muscle invasive/muscle-invasive bladder cancer prevalence, and survival was noted. Four studies, published between 2003 and 2017, reporting primary data on bladder cancer treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) after kidney transplantation were identified. Disease-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were similar between BCG studies (75-100%).ConclusionsCarcinogen exposure that led to ESRD, BKV, HPV, immunosuppressive agents, and the immunosuppressed state likely contribute to the increased risk of bladder cancer after renal transplantation. Non-muscle invasive disease should be treated with transurethral resection. BCG can be safely used in transplant recipients and likely improves the disease course. Muscle-invasive disease should be treated with radical cystectomy, with special consideration to the dissection and urinary diversion choice. Chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors can be safely used in regionally advanced bladder cancer with potential benefit. mTOR inhibitors may reduce the risk of developing bladder cancer, and immunosuppression medications should be reduced if malignancy develops.     

螺旋CT平扫测量肾实质体积和厚度评价慢性梗阻侧肾脏肾小球滤过率的价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT平扫测量肾实质体积和厚度判断梗阻侧肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)的价值,并比较2种肾实质形态学指标与梗阻侧GFR之间的关系.方法 利用螺旋CT平扫测量71例慢性单侧上尿路梗阻性疾病患者的肾实质体积和厚度.①肾实质体积测量:扫描双肾,逐层标示各横断面面积,结合扫描层厚计算肾实质体积,并计算梗阻侧肾实质体积占总的肾实质体积百分比(%CTvol).②肾实质厚度测量:选择包含肾脏集合系统的第一个和最后一个层面的内、外、后3个位置测量肾实质厚度,取平均值作为肾实质厚度,并计算梗阻侧肾实质厚度占总的肾实质厚度百分比(%CTt).采用99Tcm-DTPA肾动态显像技术,应用Gates法测定分肾及总的GFR值,计算梗阻侧肾GFR的百分比(%GFR),采用Pearson相关分析行%CTvol、%CTt与%GFR之间的相关分析.结果 71例患者%CTvol、%CTt与%GFR之间均有明显的相关性,r值分别为0.80(t=11.20,P＜0.05)和0.66(t=7.24,P＜0.05),直线回归方程分别为%GFR=0.05+0.80×%CTvol(F=125.48,P＜0.05)和%GFR=0.12+0.66×%CTt(F=52.36,P＜0.05).结论螺旋CT平扫测量肾实质体积和厚度可以作为临床上评价慢性梗阻侧肾GFR的方法,肾实质体积较肾实质厚度更准确.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the value of renal parenchymal volume and thickness by non-contrast spiral CT in evaluating the differential glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for chronic obstructed kidneys, and to compare the correlations between the two morphologic indices of renal parenchyma and the GFR for chronic obstructed kidneys. Methods Seventy-one patients who had a diagnosis of unilateral chronic upper urinary tract obstruction were included in this analysis. (1) The renal parenchymal volume was mea-sured by non-contrast spiral CT. Both kidneys were scanned by non-contrast spiral CT. The renal parenchymal area of each section was marked manually. Renal parenchymal volume was calculated as the sum of renal parenchymal area multiplied by the width of each section. The volume percentage of obstructed kidney (%CTvol) was also calculated. (2) Renal parenchymal thickness was measured on the first and last non-contrast CT image levels from the anterior, posterior and lateral locations of the kidney that clearly contained the collecting system. The mean of these measurements was defined as the renal parenchymal thickness. The differential renal parenchymal thickness of the obstructed kidney (%CTt) was defined as the percentage of the obstructed renal parenchymal thickness to the total renal parenchymal thickness for both kidneys. GFR was determined with 99Tcm-DTPA dynamic imaging system by Gates method. The differential GFR for obstructed kidney (%GFR) was the GFR percentage of obstructed kidney to the total GFR for both kidneys. The Pearson relation test was carried out between the %CTvol, %CTt and the %GFR respectively. Results %CTvol and %CTt correlated well with %GFR in chronic obstructed kidneys among the 71 test group patients. Pearson correlation coefficient r was 0.80 (t=11.20, P＜0.05) and 0.66 (t=7.24, P＜0.05), respectively. The linear correlation equation respectively was %GFR=0.05+0.80×%CTvol (F=125.48, P＜0.05) and %GFR=0.12+0.66×%CTt (F=52.36, P＜0.05). Conclusions Renal parenchymal volume and thickness by non-contrast spiral CT might be used as clinical practical parameters to evaluate the differential GFR for chronic obstructed kidneys. Renal parenchymal volume is more accurate than renal parenchymal thickness.     

前列腺液中B7-H3分子表达对t-PSA灰区内炎性PSA升高的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨前列腺液(EPS)中B7-H3分子对血清t-PSA灰区(4～10 ng/ml)内炎性PSA升高患者的鉴别诊断价值.方法 选择2009年12月至2010年4月收治的全部慢性前列腺炎(CP)患者和t-PSA灰区内行前列腺穿刺活检患者共116例,年龄19～80岁,平均40岁.CP 91例,年龄19～49岁,平均31岁.其中慢性细菌性前列腺炎(II型)11例、慢性炎症性非细菌前列腺炎(IIIA型)26例、慢性非炎症性非细菌前列腺炎(IIIB型)54例.t-PSA灰区内接受经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检患者25例,年龄62～80岁,平均71岁,t-PSA(7.21±2.60)ng/ml.其中穿刺病理结果阳性5例,Gleason评分6分2例、7分2例、8分1例;阴性20例,其中伴炎症细胞浸润11例.采用经直肠按摩法提取EPS.酶联免疫吸附法检测各组EPS B7-H3水平.健康男性对照11例,年龄24～46岁,平均30岁.既往无泌尿系不适症状及手术史.结果 对照组、II型组、IIIA型组、IIIB型组EPS中B7-H3水平依次为(49.81±11.54)、(19.33±13.90)、(17.67±15.76)、(25.14±13.44)ng/ml,穿刺阳性组、阴性不伴炎症组、阴性伴炎症组分别为(26.30±16.32)、(30.23±18.42)、(10.11±5.42)ng/ml.CP各组EPS B7-H3水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).II型组和IIIA型组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但均显著低于IIIB型组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).穿刺阴性伴炎症组EPS中B7-H3水平与II型组、IIIA型组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但显著低于穿刺阳性组及阴性不伴炎症组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).EPS B7-H3表达检测在t-PSA灰区内诊断炎性PSA升高患者的ROC曲线下面积为0.883(P=0.001),当EPS B7-H3值≤16.24 ng/ml时,诊断敏感性为78.6%,特异性为81.8%.结论 EPS B7-H3表达检测可能成为t-PSA灰区内鉴别诊断炎性PSA升高的新指标,从而减少不必要的前列腺穿刺活检.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of B7-H3 in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) in differential diagnosis of patients with inflammatory elevation of PSA in t-PSA gray zone (4-10 ng/ml). Methods One hundred and sixteen patients from the ages of 19 to 80 years (mean, 40 years) were stu-died. In the group there were 91 chronic prostatitis (CP) patients (mean age 31 years, 19-49 years), including 11 chronic bacterial prostatitis (type II) patients, 26 inflammatory nonbacterial prostatitis (IIIA) patients and 54 noninflammatory nonbacterial prostatitis (IIIB) patients. Transrectal ultrsound guided prostate biopsy was performed on 25 patients (mean age 71 years, 62-80 years) with t-PSA in gray zone (7.21±2.60 ng/ml). Five had positive results, Gleason score was 6 in two cases, 7 in two cases and 8 in one case. Twenty patients had negative results, of whom 11 patients had inflammatory cell infiltration. EPS was collected by transrectal massage, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed for B7-H3 detection. In addition, 11 normal male controls with a mean age of 30 years (24-46 years) were recruited into the study. Volunteers were excluded if they had a history of genitourinary symptoms or surgery.Results The EPS B7-H3 levels of controls, II, IIIA, IIIB groups were 49.81±11.54, 19.33±13.90, 17.67±15.76, 25.14±13.44 ng/ml, respectively. The levels of EPS B7-H3 in positive biopsy, noninflammatory negative biopsy and inflammatory negative biopsy groups were 26.30±16.32, 30.23±18.42, 10.11±5.42 ng/ml, respectively. The highest levels were found in the control group (P<0.01). Compared to the IIIB, B7-H3 levels in II and IIIA groups were significantly lower (P<0.05). There was no significantly difference between II and IIIA groups (P>0.05). The EPS B7-H3 levels in the inflammatory negative biopsy group were statistically lower than in positive biopsy and noninflammatory biopsy groups (P<0.05). But no significant differences were found among inflammatory negative biopsy, II and IIIA groups (P>0.05). Receiver operating curve (AUC=0.883, P=0.001) utilizing EPS B7-H3 levels≤16.24 ng/ml identified patients with inflammatory elevation of PSA with a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 81.8% from patients with t-PSA in gray zone. Conclusion The EPS B7-H3 detection provides a new way for differential diagnosis of patients with inflammatory elevation of PSA in t-PSA gray zone resulting in a reduction of unnecessary prostate biopsy.     

IgA肾病患者扁桃体B1a细胞和IgA1阳性细胞表达及相关因素分析

目的 研究B1a和IgA1阳性细胞在IgA肾病患者扁桃体中的表达及B1a细胞与血尿、蛋白尿和病理Lee分级的关系。 方法 肾活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病及非肾炎慢性扁桃体炎患者各8例为对象,用免疫荧光法和激光共聚焦显微镜对其扁桃体组织进行B1a及IgA1细胞定位和定量计算,并按蛋白尿程度和Lee分级标准与IgA肾病组B1a细胞数量行统计学分析。 结果 B1a细胞主要分布在扁桃体生发中心和小结帽;IgA1细胞主要分布在上皮内、上皮下,以上皮和淋巴组织交界区为多。与慢性扁桃体炎组比较,IgA肾病组两种细胞表达明显增多（P < 0.01）,且呈正相关（r = 0.778,P = 0.023）。在血尿伴蛋白尿和Lee≥Ⅲ级组B1a细胞显著高于单纯血尿和Lee<Ⅲ级组（P < 0.05）。 结论 IgA肾病患者扁桃体中IgA1可能是B1a细胞分泌的。B1a细胞数量随着患者蛋白尿的出现和病理严重程度的加重而增加,可能在疾病发生和进展过程中起着重要的作用。     

复杂下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的外科处理

目的 探讨手术治疗复杂重症下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的方法及其效果.方法 2004年12月至2008年7月对8例下腔静脉肿瘤行手术治疗,其中7例患者8次在体外循环或右心房插管灌注下手术切除下腔静脉肿瘤或(和)延及右心房/室内肿瘤;1例下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤局部复发行下腔静脉置换术.术前CT或MRI检查均已除外远处转移.结果 1例患者于术后2个月死于肝衰竭,其他7例术后症状均缓解并顺利出院.7例患者随访5～45个月,平均(15±4)个月.其中3例术后随访14～24个月,效果良好,无复发;3例术后4、5及32个月后原位复发并全身多处转移,其中1例是罕见的下腔静脉多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5个月后复发并右肾上腺转移癌,9个月后再次切除下腔静脉及右心房/室内肿瘤,术后11个月第3次复发死于心衰;另2例复发者未再次手术,其中1例术后7个月行化疗后症状缓解.1例45个月后失访.结论对于复杂腔静脉恶性肿瘤如未发现其他部位转移可采取积极手术治疗,如此可明显改善患者近期生存质量.     

单纯椎管内海绵状血管瘤的诊断与外科治疗

目的:探讨单纯椎管内海绵状血管瘤(cavernous hemangioma,CH)的诊断与外科治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2002年1月~2010年11月18例行手术治疗并经病理检查证实的单纯椎管内CH患者的临床资料,并依据Aminoff-Logue评分标准对手术前后患者脊髓功能进行评价。结果:18例患者术前均有相应神经系统损害表现。术前均行脊柱MRI检查,其中6例术前MRI检查有典型的CH表现,其MRI诊断与术后病理检查结果相符,17例为单发,1例L2~L3和S1节段各1个肿瘤,10例肿瘤累及2~3个节段。手术均经后正中入路,3例急性发病患者在出血急性期急诊行手术治疗,其余患者均在发现肿瘤早期(1周内)行肿瘤切除术,17例单发病例均行肿瘤全切除,另1例患者仅切除引起症状的L2~L3节段肿瘤,无症状的较小的S1节段肿瘤未行手术切除;手术时间170±20min,术中出血量280±40ml,术中均未出现相关并发症。术后均经病理检查证实为CH。术前Aminoff-Logue评分3~11分,平均6.0±2.8分;术后0~11分,平均4.2±3.8分,术后评分与术前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。术后脊髓功能Aminoff-Logue分级12例较术前改善,4例无明显变化,2例恶化,无死亡病例。随访2个月~5年,平均30个月,8例门诊随访患者影像学检查均未见肿瘤复发;其余患者电话随访,症状较术前改善7例,无明显变化3例。结论:MRI检查有典型的CH表现时对椎管内CH有诊断价值;对于有相应神经系统症状的椎管内CH患者,应积极、早期行肿瘤切除术,可获得良好效果。     

免疫组织化学方法研究Lumican在结直肠癌中的表达及意义

目的研究Lumican在结直肠癌组织中的表达,探讨其与结直肠癌发生、发展的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法(SP法)检测Lumican在114例结直肠癌组织及43例癌旁正常结直肠组织中的表达。结果 Lumican在正常结直肠组织中无阳性表达,在结直肠癌组织中表达阳性率为79.82%(91/114),在结直肠癌组中Lumican表达阳性率明显高于正常结直肠组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结直肠癌组织中Lumican表达强度与结直肠癌的分化程度呈负相关(rs=-0.246,P=0.008),在Dukes分期的A+B期中明显低于C+D期,差异有统计学意义(P=0.047);Lumican的表达与结直肠癌患者的年龄及性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 Lumican在癌旁正常结直肠组织中不表达,在结直肠癌组织中有表达,提示其可能与结直肠癌的发生有关;且Lumican的表达可能与结直肠癌细胞的分化及Dukes分期有关,其在细胞内表达状况可作为判断结直肠癌生物学特性的有用指标。     

复杂下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的外科处理

目的 探讨手术治疗复杂重症下腔静脉恶性肿瘤的方法及其效果.方法 2004年12月至2008年7月对8例下腔静脉肿瘤行手术治疗,其中7例患者8次在体外循环或右心房插管灌注下手术切除下腔静脉肿瘤或(和)延及右心房/室内肿瘤;1例下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤局部复发行下腔静脉置换术.术前CT或MRI检查均已除外远处转移.结果 1例患者于术后2个月死于肝衰竭,其他7例术后症状均缓解并顺利出院.7例患者随访5～45个月,平均(15±4)个月.其中3例术后随访14～24个月,效果良好,无复发;3例术后4、5及32个月后原位复发并全身多处转移,其中1例是罕见的下腔静脉多形性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤,5个月后复发并右肾上腺转移癌,9个月后再次切除下腔静脉及右心房/室内肿瘤,术后11个月第3次复发死于心衰;另2例复发者未再次手术,其中1例术后7个月行化疗后症状缓解.1例45个月后失访.结论对于复杂腔静脉恶性肿瘤如未发现其他部位转移可采取积极手术治疗,如此可明显改善患者近期生存质量.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the surgical strategy and effects for treating complex malignant tumors of the inferior vena cava (IVC) or/and the tumors extending into right atrium/ventricle.Methods Between Dec 2004 and Jul 2008, eight patients underwent surgical resections, among those seven patients with tumors of IVC or the tumors extending into right atrium/ventricle were operated on under deep hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass( CPB), and one patient with recurrence of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC successfully underwent en bloc resection and caval reconstruction. The prosthetic graft was used for IVC reconstruction in two patients and vascular patch in the other two patients. Preoperative chest roentgenography, computed tomography, ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging was used to exclude the presence of metastatic disease, to assess local resectability of the tumour and the extent of involvement and obstruction of the IVC. Results One patient died of liver failure postoperatively. The postoperative course was uneventful in other 7 patients. On follow-up two patients died 2 and 5 months later due to functional disorder of the liver. Three patients have been followed up for 14 - 24 months and were