重症肌无力胸腺切除术后呼吸道管理与并发症的防治

目的 探讨重症肌无力胸腺切除术后呼吸道管理与并发症的防治.方法 32例ICU收治的重症肌无力胸腺切除术后的患者,根据危象预测积分,分为普通组(积分＜12分,n=21)和高危组 (积分＞12分,n=11),对两组患者术后呼吸机支持时间、拔管前后肌力恢复情况、自主呼吸情况、动脉血气分析情况以及两组患者术后体温、胸片和痰培养结果进行统计分析.结果 高危组患者术后呼吸支持时间(18 ～ 30 h,平均26 h)大于普通组患者(4 ～ 28 h,平均14 h),两组有显著性差异(P＜0.01),同时术后发热、胸片渗出影以及阳性痰培养结果的发生率也高于普通组.结论 术后给予高危患者严密的监测和充分的呼吸支持,有助于降低重症肌无力危象的发生率和死亡率,同时应充分重视气道护理和感染的防治.     

医院感染流行病学监测分析

介绍了我院１９９３年７月１日～１９９３年１２月２０日出院的１０３１例病人医院感染病率的监测分析，半年中感染率为８．４％，妇产科疗区发病率高于外科疗区，感染部位以泌尿道、下呼吸道、手术伤口为最多，侵袭性操作及易感因素引起的感染在感染病例中分别占４０．２％和５９．８％。     

Pancreas divisum with early pancreatic cancer--presenting as chronic obstructive pancreatitis.

A 61-year-old man experienced four bouts of pancreatitis in 1 year. Detailed history taking and a series of examinations, including sonography, computed tomography scan, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), revealed pancreas divisum on the first admission. He was treated conservatively. However, repeated ERCP on the fourth admission, 1 year later, showed a small filling defect in the tail of the pancreatic duct. A distal pancreatectomy was carried out. Pathological studies revealed a small papillary adenocarcinoma (1.5 x 1.0 x 0.5 cm) confined to the pancreatic duct grossly with minimal parenchymal invasion microscopically. He has been free from cancer and pancreatitis for 13 months since the operation.     

ICR 小白鼠脏器中铜,锌锰含量

对40只正常成年远交系 ICR 小白鼠的主要脏器,用 WFX—Ⅱ型双光束原子吸收分光光度计测定了各脏器中铜、锌、锰含量.结果表明,主要脏器中铜、锌、锰含量大小顺序不一,铜含量最多的脏器是心,锌、锰含量最多的脏器是肝,在雌雄之间均无显著性差异.     

急性苯中毒对小鼠末梢血象和骨髓细胞构成的影响

取３２只２～３个月的ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小白鼠，随机分为４组，每组８只，第１组为对照组，其余３个组为实验组，实验组小白鼠左腿皮下注射苯０．３ｍｌ（１５ｍｌ／ｋｇ体重）．注射后分别于２４ｈ，４８ｈ，７２ｈ脱颈处死。观察中毒前、后末梢血象、骨髓细胞、骨髓细胞构成的变化。结果表明，苯中毒时骨髓变化先于末梢血象的变化，骨髓的病变为造血细胞变性、坏死，大量毛细血管扩张、充血，骨髓细胞构成降低，而且骨髓细胞构成中细胞成分降低早于外周血粒细胞减少。     

潘南金在急性心肌梗死治疗中的作用

目的探讨潘南金在急性心肌梗死(AMI)治疗中改善恶性心律失常及心功能的作用。方法将患者随机分为潘南金组及对照组各40例,在AMI常规治疗基础上,潘南金组予潘南金注射液40mL加入5%葡萄糖注射液500mL中静脉点滴,1次/d;同时加服片剂2片/次,3次/d。对照组则予极化液静点,1次/d。2组均在CCU监护1周后转入普通病房,共治疗3～4周。结果恶性心律失常发生率潘南金组为25%,对照组为65%,2组比较P<0.01。出院时心功能NYHA分级改善2级以上者,潘南金组为58%,对照组为45%,2组比较P<0.05。结论对AMI患者尽早应用潘南金治疗,可明显降低恶性心律失常发生率和改善心功能,且不良反应少,可列为常规用药。     

Thrombopoietin in postoperative thrombocytopenia following living donor hepatectomy.

Thrombocytopenia is a frequent finding following living donor hepatectomy. It appears more pronounced in right graft donors than in left graft donors. This study analyzed postoperative thrombocytopenia in 20 living liver donors and examined the change of endogenous thrombopoietin (TPO) in its recovery. Platelet count, TPO level, fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), and D-Dimer were measured before surgery and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14. Concurrently, liver and spleen volumes were calculated by computed tomography. Platelet count on POD 3 was significantly lower in right graft donors than in left graft donors (13.0 +/- 3.7 x 10(4)/microL vs. 16.8 +/- 4.0 x 10(4)/microL, P = 0.039) but recovered by POD 7 in all donors. Postoperative elevations of FDP and D-Dimer were significantly higher in right graft donors than in left graft donors. TPO level rose immediately after surgery, peaked on POD 5 in left graft donors and on POD 7 in right graft donors, and fell nearly to preoperative levels by POD 14. Postoperative TPO level per liver volume was significantly higher in right graft donors than in left graft donors. In conclusion, thrombocytopenia following living donor hepatectomy resolved within the first week regardless of graft type and was mainly associated with increasing consumption of circulating platelets, possibly due to intrahepatic and splenic congestion. With a reduced number of circulating platelets, TPO level rapidly increases. Also, with reduced consumption of platelets related to recovery from surgery, thrombocytopenia should resolve. As a consequence, TPO level would be expected to fall.     

关于老年人植入心脏起搏器术后疗养康复的体会

目的避免或减少老年人植入心脏起搏器术后疗养康复过程中起搏器故障和相关疾病的发生。积极治疗基础疾病,改变其不良症状,并通过心理治疗改善不良心理情绪,使其增强自信,提高生活质量。方法入院后,详细了解安置起搏器的时间、类型及工作情况,全面掌握其身体状况和心理特点,为其制定合理的疗养计划。结果疗养期结束后,疗养员无一例出现起搏器故障和发生相关疾病;基础疾病及不良症状得到进一步控制,心理不良情绪得到进一步控制,基本达到了疗养的目的。结论疗养院医务人员应全面了解起搏器的类型及特性;掌握安置起搏器的适应症和容易出现的病症;掌握此类疗养员的身体情况和心理特点,制定合理的疗养计划并按计划认真予以实施,是保证老年人植入心脏起搏器疗养员能够顺利完成疗养生活的有效措施。     

血管重塑对大鼠血管成形术后再狭窄的影响

目的：建立大鼠颈动脉再狭窄模型，原位灌注固定取材。评价PTA后血管重塑（VR）的动态变化规律，定量分析血管重塑在血管再狭窄过程中的变化及作用。方法：制作70只SD雄性大鼠颈总动脉再狭窄模型，分原位灌注实验组、对照组，于术后1h、3、7、14、28和42天原位灌注固定取材，行HE染色、Masson染色，观察标本血管狭窄情况。结果：①血管重塑指数（VRI）在PTA后即刻最大，3天组明显降低，7天组稍有增大，其后不断减小，剩余血管腔面积百分比同VRI的变化曲线基本一致。②FFA后，血管腔面积总体呈逐渐缩小趋势，内弹力板围绕面积（IELA）1h组较对照组明显增大，3天组较1h组明显缩小，14、28、42天组较对照组明显缩小。外弹力板围绕面积（EELA）逐渐缩小。EELA、IELA的变化与血管腔面积变化呈正相关。③VRI与血管腔面积的变化呈正相关，新生内膜面积与剩余狭窄率、血管腔面积无直线相关。结论：再狭窄过程中存在扩张性重塑和收缩性重塑现象，管腔的狭窄与否取决于血管重塑指数的变化，而不是新生内膜的变化，新生内膜的形成是血管重塑过程中的一部分。IELA和EELA可作为判断管腔狭窄及评价血管重塑的指标。