盐酸甜菜碱制备工艺的改进

用氢氧化钙中和氯乙酸，制得的氯乙酸钙经与过量三甲胺反应、盐酸酸化生成盐酸甜菜碱的氯化钙水溶液，经过滤、浓缩、冷却，制得盐酸甜菜碱。以氯乙酸计收率91％。     

耳鸣掩蔽治疗条件的测定

目的 寻找耳鸣掩蔽治疗较为合适的掩蔽时间、掩蔽声类型的组合。方法 受试的２７名耳蜗性耳鸣患者,平均分别来自于三个治疗点,并定为甲、乙、丙三组。按析因试验设计原理将掩蔽声设定为窄带噪声（ｎａｒ－ｒｏｗ ｂａｎｄ ｎｏｉｓｅ,ＮＢＮ）、宽带噪声（ｗｉｄｅ ｂａｎｄ ｎｏｉｓｅ,ＷＢＮ）和言语噪声（ｓｐｅｃｈ ｎｏｉｓｒｅ,ＳＮ）三个因素,掩蔽时间设定为１５、３０、４５ｍｉｎ三个水平共九种组合,每组内患     

认知行为疗法对化疗癌症患儿治疗依从性及免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨认知行为疗法对化疗癌症患儿治疗依从性及免疫功能的影响,为癌症患儿的心理护理提供依据。方法：采用便利抽样方法选取符合标准的癌症患儿50例,并按照癌症类型、分期和年龄进行配对,根据其意愿分为治疗组和对照组各25例。对照组只采用常规心理护理,治疗组采用认知行为疗法,干预时间共5周。干预前后,采用Frankl依从量表（Frankl compliance scale,FCS）、Houpt行为量表（Houpt behavior scale,HBS）和外周血淋巴细胞含量（peripheral blood lymphocyte content,PBLC）评估其治疗依从性及免疫功能,并对结果进行比较分析。结果：干预后,治疗组的治疗依从性（3.20±0.40）、NK细胞含量（natural kill cell,NKC;20.36±10.76）明显高于对照组的治疗依从性（2.72±0.61）及NK细胞含量（16.68±8.44）,且差异具有统计学意义（t治疗依从性=3.256,P=0.002;t NK细胞含量=2.356,P=0.024）。T淋巴细胞含量较干预前明显增加（72.26±11.34 vs. 76.33±11.07;t=2.460,P=0.021）,但对照组干预前后在治疗依从性及淋巴细胞含量上并无明显差异（均P >0.05）。结论：认知行为疗法通过纠正患儿对患癌事件的歪曲认知,可以增强治疗依从性,对提高免疫调节能力及改善预后有一定的积极作用。     

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??Abstracts?? Objective To study the T2* magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of iron deposition of liver?? pancreas and heart in β- thalassemia major ??β-TM?? patients and the relationship of the serum ferritin with iron overload. Methods Measurement of hepatic?? pancreatic and cardiac MRI T2* was performed in 153 patients with β-TM from May 1?? 2010 to December 31?? 2010??The demographics and serum ferritin ??SF?? were collected. The rate of the iron overload in liver?? pancreas and heart was analyzed. The rates of combined pancreatic and cardiac iron overload in different hepatic iron overload groups were compared. Results According to MRI T2*?? there was serious hepatic iron overload in 85 cases?? moderate in 39?? mild in 21?? no iron overload in 8. Similarly?? there was pancreatic iron overload in 134?? no iron overload in 19. In terms of cardiac iron overload?? there was serious cardiac iron overload in 37 cases?? mild in 21?? no iron overload in 95. No correlation was found between hepatic?? pancreatic and cardiac MRI T2* and age or SF?? but hepatic MRI T2* correlated with pancreatic and cardiac MRI T2*??P = 0.000?? r = 0.529?? r = 0.369???? and pancreatic MRI T2* correlated with cardiac MRI T2* well ??P = 0.000?? r = 0.715??. As grade of hepatic iron overload increases?? the patients demonstrated higher rate of combination of pancreatic and cardiac iron overload simultaneously ??χ2 = 20.78??P = 0.000??.     

银屑病的蛋白组学与中医相关研究探析

蛋白组学作为近年来一门较为新型的学科和研究手段,已被应用于生命学科的各领域。笔者主要从中医证候与辨证分型、中医药治疗与蛋白组学研究在银屑病发病机制和治疗等方面的研究及应用进行综述,以期找出传统医学和现代医学在研究中相互渗透的切入点,并希望能为银屑病的诊断与治疗研究提供一些参考资料和依据,进一步为银屑病患者提供更好的辨证施治。     

从“治未病”思想探讨中医药防治EH相关子宫内膜癌的研究意义

子宫内膜癌为女性生殖道三大恶性肿瘤之一。子宫内膜增生症(endometrial hyperplasia,EH)乃子宫内膜癌的癌前病变,因而早期诊断和治疗EH非常必要。中医药防治EH相关子宫内膜癌有其应用简便、价格低廉、有效安全等优势,符合中医"治未病"的思想。由此推理,中医药防治EH相关子宫内膜癌有着广阔前景,值得深入研究。     

不同切口方法对超声导引下改良塞丁格技术PICC置管后减少渗液的效果观察

目的 探讨不同切口方法对超声导引下改良塞丁格技术(MST)行经外周中心静脉置管(PICC)后减少穿刺点渗液的效果观察.方法 将680例需行PICC置管患者根据切口方法的不同随机分为纵切口组(342例)和横切口组(338例).比较2组患者置管后渗液发生率及渗液量的发生情况.结果 纵切口组患者渗液发生率及渗液量低于横切口组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 超声导引下MST行PICC穿刺时采用纵向切口法,可有效降低置管后渗液发生率,减少穿刺部位的渗液量,提高患者满意度.     

Nanoscale mapping of temperature-dependent conduction in an epitaxial VO2 film grown on an Al2O3 substrate

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is one of the extensively studied strongly correlated oxides due to its intriguing insulator–metal transition near room temperature. In this work, we investigated temperature-dependent nanoscale conduction in an epitaxial VO₂ film grown on an Al₂O₃ substrate using conductive-atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). We observed that only the regions near the grain boundaries are conductive, producing intriguing donut patterns in C-AFM images. Such donut patterns were observed in the entire measured temperature range (300–355 K). The current values near the grain boundaries increased by approximately two orders of magnitude with an increase in the temperature, which is consistent with the macroscopic transport data. The spatially-varied conduction behavior is ascribed to the coexistence of different monoclinic phases, i.e., M1 and M2 phases, based on the results of temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, we investigated the conduction mechanism in the relatively conductive M1 phase regions at room temperature using current–voltage (I–V) spectroscopy and deep data analysis. Bayesian linear unmixing and k-means clustering showed three distinct types of conduction behavior, which classical C-AFM cannot resolve. We found that the conduction in the M1 phase regions can be explained by the Poole–Frenkel mechanism. This work provides deep insight into IMT behavior in the epitaxial VO₂ thin film at the nanoscale, especially the coexistence and evolution of the M1 and M2 phases. This work also highlights that I–V spectroscopy combined with deep data analysis is very powerful in investigating local transport in complex oxides and various material systems.

We investigated temperature-dependent nanoscale conduction in an epitaxial VO₂ film grown on an Al₂O₃ substrate using conductive-atomic force microscopy and deep data analysis.     

Expectation and knowledge of pregnant women undergoing first and second trimester ultrasound examination in a Chinese population

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate expectation and knowledge on obstetric ultrasound examination in the first and second trimester in a Chinese population. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a university obstetric clinic in Hong Kong. Chinese pregnant women who underwent the first trimester early scan sessions, or the second trimester anomaly scan sessions were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire, which contained items on their knowledge, expectation, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: In all 276 eligible pregnant women (117 in the first trimester and 159 in the second trimester) were recruited. Although 249 women (90.2%) claimed they understood the indication of the ultrasound examination, only 93 of them were correct (33.7%). The median perceived overall-detection rate for structural abnormalities was 66.5%. Living in Hong Kong for more than 7 years was significantly associated with higher knowledge level and expectation from ultrasound examination. Attaining tertiary education level was also significantly associated with higher knowledge level. Over 90% of the pregnant women studied wished to know the fetal gender from the anomaly scan examination. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of Chinese pregnant women on ultrasound was generally unsatisfactory. Understanding their limitation of knowledge and expectations helps to devise appropriate education in the local setting.