水体中含油量测定技术与研究进展

介绍了目前水中含油量测定的几种主要方法并根据原理特点将其分为红外分光光度法、重量法、紫外分光光度法、气相色谱法、荧光光度法、非分散红外法.研究了这几种技术的原理和优缺点,分析其研究现状,展望了发展趋势.     

广东省新型冠状病毒肺炎无症状感染者流行病学特征分析

目的 对广东省首次报告为新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）无症状感染者个案流行病学特征进行分析。方法 采用追踪观察方法,对广东省2020年1月14日至3月31日首次报告为COVID-19无症状感染者的个案进行持续追踪观察,收集流行病学相关资料,分析其流行病学特征和转归及影响因素。结果 2020年1月14日至3月31日共报告325例COVID-19无症状感染者,其流行曲线与确诊病例流行曲线相似,出现两个峰,分别在1月27日至2月5日和3月17－26日。325例个案中,184例（占56.6%）后续转为确诊病例,为潜伏期无症状感染者,其年龄M为40岁,93.5%（172/184）的潜伏期无症状感染者在首次采样检测核酸阳性3 d内出现症状;141例（占43.4%）持续无症状,属于隐性感染者,占同期报告新型冠状病毒感染者的8.6%（141/1 642）,其年龄M为27岁,从首次采样检测阳性到出院时间M为14 d,90.8%（138/141）的隐性感染者在28 d内出院转集中隔离观察,从首次采样检测核酸阳性到末次采样检测阳性时间间隔最长73 d。隐性感染者关联的密切接触者检出阳性率为0.3%,潜伏期无症状感染者关联的密切接触者检出阳性率为2.2%。潜伏期无症状感染者和隐性感染者年龄、感染来源构成差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。高年龄组为首次报告为“COVID-19无症状感染者”转为确诊病例的危险因素,与0~19岁组比较,40~59岁、≥60岁均为无症状感染者转确诊的危险因素,OR值（95% CI）分别为2.730（1.380~5.402）和5.302（2.199~12.783）,P值分别为0.004和0.000。境内感染无症状感染者更易转为确诊病例（OR=7.121,P=0.000）。结论 新型冠状病毒感染者中存在无症状感染现象,潜伏期无症状感染者传染性可能强于隐性感染者,高年龄组、境内感染是无症状感染者转为确诊病例的危险因素,需引起关注,后续需要在人群中开展血清学调查,为防控策略制定提供依据。     

重庆市永川区男男性行为人群HIV感染率及其影响因素分析

目的了解男男性行为人群(Men who have sex withm en,MSM)HIV感染率及其影响因素,为开展有针对性的艾滋病防治工作提供建议。方法通过滚雪球的方法招募MSM人群在知情同意的情况下进行面对面的问卷调查和抽取血样检测HIV与梅毒,用SPSS12.0对调查资料进行描述性分析,HIV感染率影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析进行鉴别。结果共计调查218名MSM人群,艾滋病知识知晓率37.6%,最近1次与男性发生肛交时安全套使用率为42.2%,最近6个月与同性发生肛交时每次都使用安全套的比例占3.2%,HIV感染率为16.5%,梅毒感染率为15.1%。艾滋病防治知识知晓率(OR=2.90,95CI:1.01～8.34)、第1次与男性发生肛交时是否使用安全套(OR=4.98,95CI:1.61～15.36)、过去1年是否出现性病相关症状(OR=4.89,95CI:2.13～11.14)是HIV感染率的独立影响因素。结论永川区MSM人群HIV感染率高,艾滋病防治知识知晓率低,安全套使用率低,艾滋病防治形势严峻。     

不耐热骨科手术器械采用低温过氧化氢等离子灭菌的应用探讨

目的应用低温过氧化氢等离子灭菌技术对不耐热骨科手术器械进行快速灭菌。方法对低温过氧化氢等离子灭菌法、环氧乙烷灭菌法和2%戊二醛溶液浸泡灭菌法进行了骨科手术器械灭菌效果的比较。结果不耐热骨科手术器械采用环氧乙烷灭菌法进行消毒每次需要12 h;戊二醛浸泡灭菌每次需要10 h;低温过氧化氢等离子灭菌法消毒每次需要55 min。结论低温过氧化氢等离子灭菌技术适用于手术室不耐热器械的快速灭菌,具有高效、快速、方便、灵活的特点。     

Icaritin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles activate immunogenic cell death and facilitate tumor recruitment in mice with gastric cancer

This study aimed to explore the anti-tumor effect of icaritin loading poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (refer to PLGA@Icaritin NPs) on gastric cancer (GC) cells. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), size distribution, zeta potential, drug-loading capability, and other physicochemical characteristics of PLGA@Icaritin NPs were carried out. Furthermore, flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, Elisa assay and Balb/c mice were applied to explore the cellular uptake, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, immune response activation effects, and related anti-tumor mechanism of PLGA@Icaritin NPs in vitro and in vivo. PLGA@Icaritin NPs showed spherical shape, with appropriate particle sizes and well drug loading and releasing capacities. Flow cytometry and CLSM results indicated that PLGA@Icaritin could efficiently enter into GC cells. CCK-8 proved that PLGA@Icaritin NPs dramatically suppressed cell growth, induced Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, arrested more GC cells at G2 phase, and inhibited the invasion and metastasis of GC cells, compared to free icaritin. In addition, PLGA@Icaritin could help generate dozens of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within GC cells, following by significant mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs) loss and excessive production of oxidative-mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mitoDNA). Since that, Ox-mitoDNA further activated the releasing of damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), and finally led to immunogenic cell death (ICD). Our in vivo data also elaborated that PLGA@Icaritin exerted a powerful inhibitory effect (∼80%), compared to free icaritin (∼60%). Most importantly, our results demonstrated that PLGA@Icaritin could activate the anti-tumor immunity via recruitment of infiltrating CD4+ cells, CD8+ T cells and increased secretion of cytokine immune factors, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1).⁺⁺ Our findings validate that the successful design of PLGA@Icaritin, which can effectively active ICD and facilitate tumor recruitment in GC through inducing mitoDNA oxidative damage.     

ARIMA模型在狂犬病暴露监测中的应用

目的探索自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)在狂犬病暴露监测中的应用,为控制狂犬病疫情提供科学依据。方法采用ARIMA模型对珠海市西部地区各级各类医疗机构狂犬病疫苗预防接种点2007-2009年所有狂犬病暴露监测数据进行逐月分析。结果模型ARIMA(0,0,0)(1,1,0)12能很好地拟合珠海市西部地区的狂犬病暴露曲线。根据预测结果,2010年珠海市西部地区狂犬病暴露曲线从5月份开始呈现上升趋势。结论自回归移动平均模型适用于对狂犬病暴露人数的预测,模型参数应随数据量增大而修正。     

核素心肌灌注断层显像诊断冠心病的临床应用

目的评估核素心肌灌注断层显像在冠心病（CAD）临床诊断中的价值。方法对30例冠心病和可疑冠心病患者进行^99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异晴（^99mTc-MIBI）心肌灌注断层显像，同时采用半定量方法分析患者左心室心肌血流灌注情况，其中15例患者行冠状动脉造影术（CAG）。结果心肌灌注断层显像冠心病和可疑冠心病患者检查的阳性率为46．7％。结论。^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注断层显像是安全、无创伤、方便及费用低的检查方法，临床联合应用对冠心病的诊断、治疗和预后判断有重要的价值。     

浅谈基于“军卫一号”的PACS

目的：探讨、研究PACS与＂军卫一号＂工程（HIS）的融合方法。方法：通过创建中间表、触发器、视图等,将PACS的表结构整合到＂军卫一号＂工程使用的Oracle数据库中。结果：PACS与＂军卫一号＂工程数据同步,硬件投入少,简单可行。结论：医院在实施PACS前,必须要做好需求分析、业务流程的优化,高层次地发挥HIS的可扩展性。     

美国药品监管科学人才培养实践探究及对我国的启示

药品监管科学研究与建设已成为世界各国21世纪药品监管战略重点,而人才队伍建设是进行监管科学研究与建设首要考虑的问题之一.我国对于监管科学人才培养尚处于起步阶段,存在人才培养规模小、程度浅、体系乱等突出问题.美国在药品监管科学人才培养方面探索多年,已形成较为成熟的监管科学人才培养体系.本文通过对美国药品监管科学人才培养创...     

SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Protein ORF8 Decreases Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

Viruses use many different strategies to evade host immune responses. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, its Spike mutates rapidly to escape from neutralizing antibodies. In addition to this strategy, ORF8, a small accessory protein encoded by SARS-CoV-2, helps immune evasion by reducing the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells to the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell response. Interestingly, among all accessory proteins, ORF8 is rapidly evolving and a deletion in this protein has been linked to milder disease. Here, we studied the effect of ORF8 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Specifically, we found that ORF8 can bind monocytes as well as NK cells. Strikingly, ORF8 binds CD16a (FcγRIIIA) with nanomolar affinity and decreases the overall level of CD16 at the surface of monocytes and, to a lesser extent, NK cells. This decrease significantly reduces the capacity of PBMCs and particularly monocytes to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Overall, our data identifies a new immune-evasion activity used by SARS-CoV-2 to escape humoral responses.