重症监护病房(ICU)感染常见病菌及耐药性调查分析

目的研究重症监护病房(ICU)感染的病原菌及耐药性,为合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法对2006年1月至2007年12月送检的ICU患者各种标本分离的菌株进行统计分析。结果所有的病原菌中G-杆菌占57.5%,其中鲍曼不动杆菌占17.7%,铜绿假单胞菌占15.1%,药敏试验显示各菌耐药水平较高,其中G+菌占31.1%,金黄色葡萄球菌占11.3%,表皮葡萄球菌占13.6%,真菌占11.4%。结论加强ICU病房感染管理和对细菌耐药性的监测,合理使用抗生素,是减少细菌耐药性,减少耐药菌产生的关键。     

Trend of non-communicable disease mortality for three common conditions in the elderly population from 2002 to 2010: A population-based study in China

ObjectiveThere is a lack of data focusing on non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality in the Chinese elderly population over the past decade.MethodsUsing mortality data from the Chinese Health Statistics, we explored the crude and age-standardized mortality trend of three major NCDs in the Chinese population ≥65 years of age from 2002 to 2010, namely, malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. Subpopulations characterized as rural and urban residence, and by gender and age were examined separately.ResultsMortality increased with age and was higher among males than among females across the three NCDs, with the gender difference being most remarkable for malignant neoplasms and least for heart diseases mortality. Condition-specific crude mortalities increased between 2002 and 2010, overall and in all the pre-specified subpopulations. After age-standardization, rising trends were observed for people ≥65 years old, and condition-specific mortalities generally increased in rural regions and decreased in urban regions, especially for cerebrovascular diseases.ConclusionsThere were increasing trends for mortality due to malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases in China between 2002 and 2010, which were largely driven by the population aging. Disparities existed by rural and urban residence, gender, and age.     

Nanodelivery of immunogenic cell death-inducers for cancer immunotherapy

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邯郸市家庭护理人才状况的调查分析

随着现代医学模式的改变,社区护理已成为护理专业发展的方向.家庭护理是以家庭为单位的整体护理模式[1],是社区护理的重要组成部分,家庭护理人才状况是影响社区护理质量的重要因素.2007年7月-2007年11月,对邯郸市家庭护理人才状况、培养和需求等问题进行调查分析.现介绍如下.     

Gastroparesis after combined heart and lung transplantation.

GOALS: To determine the prevalence, severity, and outcome of gastroparesis after heart and lung transplantation (HLT). STUDY: Ten patients (five women; age range, 27-57 years) underwent HLT at Temple University Hospital from 1996 to 1999. The charts of these patients were reviewed, including results from gastric emptying scans and upper endoscopies. Symptoms were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: The indications for HLT included pulmonary hypertension in six patients, Eisenmenger syndrome in two, and dilated cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease in two. Four patients died before the start of this clinical analysis. The six surviving patients constituted our study population. The patients' posttransplantation follow-up period ranged from 1.4 to 4.4 years (average, 2.6 years). Five patients (83%) were symptomatic with nausea, vomiting, and postprandial abdominal distension. Solid phase gastric emptying was delayed in all five patients with mean gastric retention of 93% at 2 hours (normal <50%). Patients generally did not respond to prokinetic agents. Four patients required pyloroplasty with J tube placement for symptom control, nutrition, and delivery of immunosuppressive medication. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of symptomatic gastroparesis in patients after HLT. The gastroparesis is severe and often resistant to prokinetic agents.     

封闭负压引流（VSD）技术与传统换药技术治疗深度烧伤的临床疗效比较

目的：比较VSD技术与传统换药技术对深度烧伤的治疗效果。方法：选取110例深Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度烧伤患者按照随机平行分组法随机分为治疗组（VSD技术组）58例与对照组（传统换药组）52例,比较两组患者对深度烧伤的治疗效果。结果：治疗组优良率明显高于对照组,治疗组植皮时间、疼痛评分明显少于对照组,且细菌培养阴性率、治疗费用明显高于对照组。结论：封闭负压引流（VSD）技术可缩短植皮时间、减轻疼痛,但治疗费用较高。     

重楼总皂苷长循环脂质体的制备与表征

摘 要 目的： 制备重楼总皂苷长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征。方法: 以粒径、PdI、Zeta电位及包封率为评价指标,考察制备重楼总皂苷长循环脂质体的各个因素。并采用Malvern粒度仪测定脂质体的粒径分布、PdI及Zeta电位,透射电镜考察其形态,并考察长脂质体的稳定性。结果:重楼总皂苷长循环脂质体的平均粒径为（109.4±32.7） nm,PdI为（0.171±0.036）,Zeta电位为（-36.7±4.5） mV,包封率为（93.5±3.2）%;透射电镜显示脂质体粒径均一,成球状分布;长期稳定性研究表明,长循环脂质体在4 ℃条件下放置3个月稳定。结论: 重楼总皂苷长循环脂质体制备工艺简单易行,可以得到包封率高、稳定性好的脂质体制剂。     

地榆鞣质提取物对TGF-β1诱导人肾小管上皮细胞增殖的影响

摘 要 目的： 通过观察地榆鞣质提取物（STE）对生长转化因子（TGF-β₁）诱导人肾小管上皮细胞（HK-2）增殖的影响,探讨地榆在防治肾间质纤维化方面的作用。方法: 将HK-2细胞用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM高糖培养基培养,实验分为5组：空白对照组、TGF-β₁组（5 ng· mL^-1 TGF-β₁）、干预1组（5 ng· mL^-1 TGF-β₁+12.5 μg·mL^-1 STE）、干预2组（5 ng· mL^-1 TGF-β₁+25μg·mL^-1 STE）、干预3组（5 ng·mL^-1 TGF-β₁+50μg·mL^-1 STE）,孵育24 h。在倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞形态的改变,并通过CCK8法测定地榆鞣质对细胞增殖的影响。结果: TGF-β₁ 5 ng·mL^-1能显著诱导人肾小管上皮细胞增殖,并促进其细胞形态向纤维化转变,相比于空白对照组具有显著差异（P<0.05）;但与地榆鞣质提取物（STE）共同作用后,其促进细胞增殖的作用受到一定抑制（P<0.05）,细胞形态也趋于正常,且呈剂量依赖性。结论:地榆鞣质提取物能抑制HK-2细胞的增殖,在一定程度上具有防止肾间质纤维化的作用。