第五届国际生殖内分泌学术会议纪要

秋日的北京凉爽宜人，2005年9月9～12日，由北京协和医院、国家人口计生委科学技术研究所主办，国际妇科内分泌协会和中国医学科学院协办，并由生殖医学杂志承办的第五届国际生殖内分泌学术会议在北京隆重举行。来自中国、美国、加拿大、英国、意大利、荷兰、比利时、芬兰、巴西、日本、菲律宾、     

儿童牙病治疗中医护配合的技巧

儿童牙病要经过诊查-麻醉-牙科处理，要用精密或锐利的器械伸入患儿口腔，所以治疗的前提必须是患儿自觉张口合作。在治疗护理过程中，除了掌握儿童的各年龄阶段的性格特征外，医生、护士的语言交流和操作还需一定的技巧，配合应默契。现对我院250例3岁～12岁患儿治疗及护理配合体会报告如下。     

N—酰化壳聚糖膜性能的研究

讨论了一系列N-酰化壳聚糖膜的抗张强度、透水性、VB_(12)的透过性、透氧性以及血液相容性。N-已酰化壳聚糖膜具有良好的血液相容性。在制膜过程中,加入分子量为1500的聚乙二醇为致孔剂,则可使N-己酰化壳聚糖膜的渗透性有较大提高。同时保持较好的血液相容性和强度。     

组合靶基因自动检测仪应用软件的设计

目的：研制与开发组合靶基因自动检测仪应用软件。方法：应用VB6．0编程语言及Access 97数据库实现压电石英谐振频率的实时检测与分析。结果：实现了组合靶基因自动检测仪压电石英谐振频率的实时检测。数据分析，结果保存与数据转换等。结论：组合靶基因自动检测仪应用软件是一类可实时检测与分析压电石英谐振频率的新型实用性软件，可广泛应用于压电石英谐振频率的检测。     

霍乱毒素B亚单位基因的克隆和表达

用DNA重组技术构建CT-B表达性质粒pXB1及进一步修饰的pXB2,使CT-B基因在大肠杆菌中得到较高水平的表达(280～350ng/ml),且有71.5％分泌率。表达动力学研究阐明,克隆子培养24h产物收率较高。一定浓度的Mg~(2+)、L-组氨酸和天冬酰胺能刺激CT-B的表达。GM1-ELISA、CHO细胞测毒结合间接免疫荧光检测和家兔肠段结扎试验证实,表达的CT-B能与游离的或活细胞膜上的GM1受体结合,但无细胞和肠段毒性。这种细胞测毒结合免疫荧光序贯试验,为客观证实CT-B的生物学活性开拓了新途径。     

2型糖尿病患者载脂蛋白E基因多态性的研究

目的：探讨中国人2型糖尿病患者载脂蛋白E（apoE)基因多态性及其与血脂和载脂蛋白水平的关系。方法：采用聚合酶链反应－限制性酶切片段长度多态性法，分别对74例2型糖尿病患者及191例血脂、血糖正常且无糖尿病史者的apoE基因型、空腹血脂及载脂蛋白AI、AⅡ、B100、CⅡ、CⅢ及E进行全面分析。结果：2型糖尿病患者的血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC），非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（nHDLC),载脂蛋白B100、CⅡ、CⅢ、E水平及TG／HDLC比值较对照组显著升高（P＜0．01）；血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC），apoE/apoCⅢ比值显著降低（P＜0．05）。2型糖尿病组与对照组apoE基因频率分布无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。携带ε2等位基因组血清TG／HDLC比值较E3／3基因型显著降低；而携带ε4等位基因组血清apoAⅡ水平较E3／3基因型及携带ε2等位基因组显著升高（P＜0．001）。结论：2型糖尿病患者apoE基因多态性与血TG／HDLC及apoAⅡ有一定关联。     

延边地区各种肝病患者HBsAg携带者及单项ALT增高者中抗-HCV分布

自1991年11月到1992年2月,用酶联免疫吸附试验对延边地区87例各种肝病患者.65例HBsAg携带者及5例单项ALT增高者血清共157份进行了抗-HCV检测.33例呈阳性,总阳性率为21.0％,其中单项ALT增高者高达80.O％.其次.急性肝炎为35.2％.慢性迁延性肝炎为18.2％.HBsAg携带者为6.2％,肝硬化为0％.     

Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Heparin-Bonded Versus Nonbonded Oxygenators

Background. Heparin bonding of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit may be associated with a reduced inflammatory response and improved clinical outcome. The relative contribution of a heparin-bonded oxygenator (ie, >80% of circuit surface area) to these effects was assessed in a group of pediatric patients.

Methods. Twenty-one pediatric patients undergoing CPB operations were assigned randomly to receive either a heparin-bonded oxygenator (group H, n = 11) or a nonbonded oxygenator (group C, n = 10) in otherwise nonbonded circuits. The two groups were similar in pathology, age, weight, CPB time, and cross-clamp time. Plasma levels of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8, as well as terminal complement complex, neutrophils, and elastase, were analyzed before, during, and after CPB.

Results. Significant levels of tumor necrosis factor- were not detected in either group. Plasma levels of all other markers increased during and after CPB compared with baseline. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 peaked in both groups 2 hours after the administration of protamine but remained significantly higher in group C 24 hours after operation. Plasma concentrations of interleukin-8 peaked at similar levels in both groups 30 minutes after protamine administration and returned to baseline thereafter. Levels of terminal complement complex and elastase peaked in both groups 30 minutes after protamine administration. Plasma levels of terminal complement complex were significantly higher at the end of CPB and after protamine administration in group C. Elastase levels were significantly higher 2 and 24 hours after CPB in group C. The ventilation time of patients in group H was significantly lower than that of patients in group C: 10 (range, 3 to 24) versus 22 (range, 7 to 24) hours, respectively (p < 0.01).

Conclusions. The present study confirms the proinflammatory nature of pediatric operations and demonstrates a lessened systemic inflammatory response with the use of heparin-bonded oxygenators. This is achieved without bonding of the entire circuit, which could have significant cost-benefit implications by negating the need for custom-built heparin-bonded circuitry.     

Strength and fracture toughness of MgO-modified glass infiltrated alumina for CAD/CAM.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of MgO additive to Al2O3 on the flexural strength, fracture toughness of glass infiltrated alumina for CAD/CAM application. METHODS: Alumina blanks with additive of 0.5 wt% MgO were prepared via isostatic pressing and sintering at 1400 degrees C for 2h, and then alumina-glass composites were fabricated by infiltrating the molten glass into the partially sintered alumina compact. Flexural strength and fracture toughness were determined using three point bending methods and a single edge notched beam method. The mechanism of crack propagation was observed under a field emission scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The three-point flexural strength and fracture toughness of partially sintered alumina and alumina-glass composite were 210 MPa, 1.86 MPam(1/2), and 432.2 MPa, 5.12 MPam(1/2), respectively, and they were free of shrinkage during the processing of glass infiltration. The field emission SEM micrograph indicated that indentation caused a non-planar crack propagation including crack deflection and crack bowing. SIGNIFICANCE: MgO was used as an additive to alumina to improve the strength and fracture toughness of partially sintered alumina and alumina-glass composite. The high strength and toughness are related to toughening by the distribution of alumina with uniform particle sizes, crack bowing, crack deflection and the beneficial wetting properties of the particle surface.