The temporal course of the influence of anxiety on fairness considerations

This study investigated the potential causes of anxious people's social avoidance. The classic ultimatum game was utilized in concert with electroencephalogram recording. Participants were divided into two groups according to levels of trait anxiety as identified by a self‐report scale. The behavioral results indicate that high‐anxious participants were more prone to reject human‐proposed than computer‐proposed unequal offers compared to their low‐anxious counterparts. The event‐related potential results indicate that the high‐anxious group showed a larger feedback‐related negativity when receiving unequal monetary offers than equal ones, and a larger P3 when receiving human‐proposed offers than computer‐proposed ones, but these effects were absent in the low‐anxious group. We suggest anxious people's social avoidance results from hypersensitivity to unequal distributions during interpersonal interactions.     

Prevalence of FA-D2 Rare Complementation Group of Fanconi Anemia in Serbia

Objective

To investigate genetic subtypes of inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Fanconi anemia (FA) in Sebia. FA-D2 subtype was found to be the most frequent genetic subtype among investigated FA patients; specific observations of FA-D2 phenotype are pointed out.

Methods

Several biological endpoints of FA cells in vitro such as radiation-induced level of lymphocyte micronuclei (radiosensitivity), base line and radiation induced level of the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), leukocyte apoptosis, and telomere capping function were assessed.

Results

The results indicate that all FA-D2 patients display radioresistant in vitro response, which is seen as significantly reduced yield of radiation-induced micronuclei. On the contrary, FA-A patients display radiosensitive in vitro response seen as increased number of radiation-induced micronuclei (MN). A massive elimination of irradiated cells via apoptosis is found in both FA-A and FA-D2 subtypes. In FA-A subtype apoptosis positively relates with the yield of radiation-induced MN, whereas in FA-D2 subtype apoptosis relates with a high percentage of cells carrying dysfunctional telomeres. The present results unequivocally demonstrate that cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and analyses of telomere capping function can be used to distinguish FA-D2 and FA-A complementation groups.

Conclusions

Considering all biological endpoints were analyzed, it can be concluded that all FA patients are radiosensitive, regardless of their complementation group. Thus, using CBMN test and telomere capping function analysis can discriminate FA-A from FA-D2 complementation groups, which could be important for assessment the conditioning regimens prior to bone marrow transplantation.     

A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of a Theory-based Intervention Promoting Condom Use Among Chinese Monogamous Female Sexually Transmitted Infection Patients

Background

Chinese monogamous women may contract sexually transmitted diseases (STD) from their sole male sex partner, but these women do not have high self-efficacy in negotiating about condom use with their regular sex partners.

Purpose

We aim to investigate the relative efficacy of a theory-based and clinic-based cognitive behavioral intervention versus a control intervention in increasing prevalence of condom use with their male sex partner among Chinese monogamous female sexually transmitted disease patients.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. Participants were randomly allocated into the intervention group (n?=?88) or the control group (n?=?88). All participants were phone interviewed at baseline and at 2 and 3 months after completion of the baseline survey. The three-session group intervention was based on the information–motivation–behavioral skills (IMB) model. Participants of the control group were provided with educational pamphlets. The primary outcome was consistent condom use in the last month. Relative risks were calculated, and multiple logistic regression models were fit.

Results

As compared to the control group, the intervention group reported higher prevalence of consistent condom use with the sole male sex partner in the last month at month 2 (75.3 versus 59.8 %, RR?=?1.26, 95 % CI?=?1.01, 1.57) and month 3 (77.8 versus 54.6 %, RR?=?1.42, 95 % CI?=?1.13, 1.80), whilst the baseline between-group difference was statistically non-significant. Some other secondary outcomes such as “intention to request condom use in the next month even if the sexual partner dislikes using condoms” were also statistically significant. Furthermore, the majority (94 %) of the intervention group members were satisfied with the intervention.

Conclusions

The theory-based intervention is potentially efficacious, but the follow-up period was relatively short. Large-scale randomized clinical trials and subsequent translational research are greatly warranted in the future.     

Value of shear wave elastography with maximal elasticity in differentiating benign and malignant solid focal liver lesions

BACKGROUNDIt is important to differentiate benign and malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs) accurately. Despite the wide use and acceptance of shear wave elastography (SWE), its value for assessing the elasticity of FLLs and differentiating benign and malignant FLLs is still investigational. Previous studies of SWE for FLLs used mean elasticity as the parameter to reflect the stiffness of FLLs. Considering the inhomogeneity of tumor stiffness, maximal elasticity (Emax) might be the suitable parameter to reflect the stiffness of FLLs and to differentiate malignant FLLs from benign ones.AIMTo explore the value of SWE with Emax in differential diagnosis of solid FLLs.METHODSWe included 104 solid FLLs in 95 patients and 50 healthy volunteers. All the subjects were examined using conventional ultrasound (US) and virtual touch tissue quantification(VTQ) imaging. A diagnosis of benign or malignant FLL was made using conventional US. Ten VTQ values were acquired after 10 consecutive measurements for each FLL and each normal liver, and the largest value was recorded as Emax.RESULTSThere were 56 cases of malignant FLLs and 48 cases of benign FLLs in this study. Emax of malignant FLLs (3.29 ± 0.88 m/s) was significantly higher than that of benign FLLs (1.30 ± 0.46 m/s, P < 0.01) and that of livers in healthy volunteers (1.15 ± 0.17 m/s, P < 0.01). The cut-off point of Emax was 1.945, and the area under the curve was 0.978. The sensitivity and specificity of Emax were 92.9% and 91.7%, respectively, higher (but not significantly) than those of conventional US (80.4% for sensitivity and 81.3% for specificity). Combined diagnosis of conventional US and Emax using parallel testing improved the sensitivity to 100% with specificity of 75%.CONCLUSIONSWE is a convenient and easy method to obtain accurate stiffness information of solid FLLs. Emax is useful for differential diagnosis of FLLs, especially in combination with conventional US.     

果酸联合调q激光治疗中波紫外线诱导黄褐斑鼠模型的实验研究

目的 研究果酸联合调q激光治疗中波紫外线诱导的黄褐斑鼠模型的疗效及可能机制。方法 选取健康雌性豚鼠30只,分为正常组（6只）和实验组（24只）。实验组予中波紫外线联合黄体酮注射液复制黄褐斑鼠模型,从中随机选取6只与正常组豚鼠一起处死,观察血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛(MDA)的表达水平,局部皮损行HE及免疫组织化学染色。实验组余18只为模型组,随机分为A、B、C组,每组6只。A组予以果酸联合调q激光治疗,B组予以氢醌治疗,C组不做任何处理。4个月后分别检测各组豚鼠血清、肝脏、皮肤SOD活力、MDA表达水平及皮肤组织病理改变。结果 模型组黄褐斑鼠模型复制区可见深褐色斑形成;模型组与正常组比较,血清SOD水平下降,MDA水平上升（P?<0.05）;模型组皮损HE及免疫组织化学染色显示病理表现符合黄褐斑病理改变;A、B组与C组比较,A组、B组皮损肉眼观及组织病理表现明显改善;治疗后血清、肝脏、皮肤中SOD水平上升,MDA水平下降（P?<0.05）,A组与B组比较,差异无统计学意义（P?>0.05）。结论 果酸联合调q激光治疗黄褐斑鼠疗效显著,可能与果酸的剥脱作用、抗氧化作用,以及调q激光选择性破坏黑素细胞、减少黑色素生成有关。     

Effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on repairing the periodontal bone of Beagle canines

Objective:To investigate the repairing effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)on the Beagle canines periodontal bone defect.Methods:A total of 12 Beagle dogs with periodontal bone defect model were randomly divided into control group,LIPUS group,guided tissue regeneration(GTR)group and LIPUS+GTR group,with three in each.After completion of the models,no other proceeding was performed in control group;LIPUS group adopt direct exposure to radiation line LIPUS processing 1 week after modeling;GTR group adopted treatment with GTR,following the CTR standard operation reference;LIPUS+GTR group was treated with LIPUS joint GTR.Temperature change before treatment and histopathological change of periodontal tissue after repair was observed.Results:There was no significant difference in temperature changes of periodontal tissue between groups(P0.05).The amount and maturity of LIPUS+GTR group were superior to other groups;new cementum,dental periodontal bones of GTR group were superior to the control group but less than LIPUS group;new collagen and maturity of the control group is not high relatively.Conclusions:LIPUS can accelerate the calcium salt deposition and new bone maturation,thus it can serve as promoting periodontal tissue repair,and shortening the periodontal tissue repair time.