全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24436篇 |
免费 | 1956篇 |
国内免费 | 1849篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 242篇 |
儿科学 | 333篇 |
妇产科学 | 343篇 |
基础医学 | 3184篇 |
口腔科学 | 441篇 |
临床医学 | 3199篇 |
内科学 | 4089篇 |
皮肤病学 | 293篇 |
神经病学 | 1380篇 |
特种医学 | 751篇 |
外国民族医学 | 15篇 |
外科学 | 2696篇 |
综合类 | 3423篇 |
现状与发展 | 6篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 1539篇 |
眼科学 | 577篇 |
药学 | 2520篇 |
13篇 | |
中国医学 | 1014篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2181篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 62篇 |
2023年 | 319篇 |
2022年 | 772篇 |
2021年 | 1027篇 |
2020年 | 810篇 |
2019年 | 683篇 |
2018年 | 808篇 |
2017年 | 675篇 |
2016年 | 663篇 |
2015年 | 983篇 |
2014年 | 1291篇 |
2013年 | 1067篇 |
2012年 | 1724篇 |
2011年 | 1767篇 |
2010年 | 1050篇 |
2009年 | 875篇 |
2008年 | 1265篇 |
2007年 | 1296篇 |
2006年 | 1242篇 |
2005年 | 1358篇 |
2004年 | 801篇 |
2003年 | 799篇 |
2002年 | 709篇 |
2001年 | 597篇 |
2000年 | 712篇 |
1999年 | 725篇 |
1998年 | 452篇 |
1997年 | 461篇 |
1996年 | 349篇 |
1995年 | 349篇 |
1994年 | 262篇 |
1993年 | 194篇 |
1992年 | 313篇 |
1991年 | 257篇 |
1990年 | 249篇 |
1989年 | 245篇 |
1988年 | 201篇 |
1987年 | 173篇 |
1986年 | 146篇 |
1985年 | 153篇 |
1984年 | 58篇 |
1983年 | 59篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 34篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 20篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
1972年 | 16篇 |
1969年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Effect on peripheral nerve vivo with human insulin-like regeneration by transgene in growth factor-1
BACKGROUND: Human insulin-like growth factor (hIGF-1) has been successful in treating peripheral nerve injury, but it is still unclear whether hIGF-1 after transgene in vivo has the effect on promoting the regeneration of peripheral nerve.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of hIGF-1 on the regeneration of peripheral nerve by transgene in vivo with electrophysiology, histological morphology and ultromicro morphology.
DESIGN: A univariate design.
SETTINGS: Jilin Institute of Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University.
MATERIALS: Thirty male adult Wistar rats of grade Ⅱ, weighing 200-250 g, were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Jilin University [certification number: SCXK-(Ji)20030001]. The rats were raised in the environment at the temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 70%. All the rats were randomly divided into hIGF-1-treated group, treatment control group and blank control group, 10 rats in each group. Positive liposomes (mass concentration of 2 g/L) and pcDNA3.1 (mass concentration of 1 g/L) were purchased from Beijing Yuanpinghao Company; pcDNAhIGF-1 (mass concentration of 1 g/L) was provided by Dr. Shen from the School of Public Health of Jilin University. The liposomes were mixed with plasmids with the mass ratio of 1.5 to 10.Operative microscope was made by Jiangsu Zhenjiang Microsurgical Instrument Factory; EMB-5304K electromyogram (EMG) evoked potential meter by Nihon Kohden Corporation. HPIAS-1 000 high-acuity color pathological imaging analytical system (Japan) and JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (Japan) were also used.
METHODS: The experiments were carried out in Jilin Institute of Surgery from April to June in 2004. ① All the rats were anesthetized, and the right sciatic nerve was exposed, and it was clipped with a clip at 5 mm below the piriform muscle for 3 times, 10 s for each time. The pressed width was 3 mm, and formed as membrane under operating microscope (×6). Rats in the hIGF-1-treated group were subepineurially injected with the mixture of pcDNAhIGF-1 and positive liposomes (10 μL) immediately, those in the treatment control group were injected with the mixture of pcDNA3.1, positive liposomes and distilled water (10 μL), and those in the blank control group were not given any injection. ② The sciatic nerve functional indexes (SFI) were measured within 56 days postoperatively according to the methods used by Shen et al. ISFI=0 was taken as normal, and ISFI=-100 as completely damaged. EMG evoked potential meter was used to record the electrophysiological changes of the regenerated nerve fibers. The indexes of histological morphology in 5 randomly selected sights were determined with the color pathological imaging analytical system, and the ultrostructures of the regenerated nerve fibers were also observed.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of the SFI within 56 days postoperatively; ② Comparison of the electrophysiology, histological morphology and ultrastructure of the regenerated nerve fibers 56 days postoperatively.
RESULTS: All the 30 Wistar rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① SFI: The SFI values were gradually increased as time prolonged in all the three groups, and the changes were more obvious after 24 days, the SFI values recovered better at each time point in the hIGF-1-treated group than in the other two groups. ② Eelectrophysiological results of right sciatic nerve: The latency of motor evoked potential (MEP) was close between the treatment control group and the blank control group [(2.55±0.36), (2.65±0.55) ms, P > 0.05], but higher in the hIGF-1-treated group [(2.14±0.22) ms] than in the blank control group (P < 0.01). The amplitude and conduction velocity of MEP in the treatment control group [(6.67±0.69) mV, (29.57±4.06) m/s] were close to those in the blank control group [(6.60±0.59) mV, (29.22±3.20) m/s, P > 0.05], but those in the hIGF-1-treated group [(7.81±0.84) mV, (36.91±4.37) m/s] were larger or faster than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01). ③ Results of the pathological image analysis of the regenerated nerve fibers: The axonal diameter, thickness of myelin sheath of the regenerated nerve fiber and the number of myelinated nerve fiber in the treatment control group [(2.28±0.33) μm, (1.08±0.18) μm2, (71.80±8.25) fibers] were close to those in the blank control group [(2.18±0.29) μm, (1.03±0.15) μm2, (68.60±8.55) fibers] (P > 0.05), and those in the hIGF-1-treated group [(3.03±0.35) μm, (1.65±0.24) μm2, (88.20±8.82) fibers] were obviously larger or more than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01). ④ Ultrastructure of the regenerated nerve fibers of sciatic nerve: In the hIGF-1-treated group, the regenerated fibers of sciatic nerve were more and mature, manifested by thicker nerve fibers, thicker and evener myelin sheath, which were better than those in the other two groups.
CONCLUSION: The results of the quantitative parameters of the electrophysiology, gross histological morphology and ultrostructural changes in the process of repairing damaged peripheral nerve indicate that transgene in vivo with hIGF-1 can promote the neural regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. 相似文献
73.
Until now methods using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for electron microscopy (TMB-EM methods) are all unable to provide a maximum demonstration of transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) while maintaining good ultrastructural tissue preservation. In order to solve this problem, we have attempted to adapt a newly developed, highly sensitive TMB method using sodium tungstate (ST) as the stabilizer (TMB-ST method) for HRP electron microscopic retrograde and anterograde fiber tracing. The present study shows that the TMB-ST method combined with diaminobenzidine-cobalt (DAB-Co) is more sensitive than existing TMB-EM methods and that ultrastructural details are well preserved with this combined method. The resultant reaction product complex after osmication is stable and is observed as characteristic crystal-like structures which are extremely electron dense and often aggregated into clumps. In contrast, the TMB-ST method without the DAB-Co step frequently produces a moderate electron-dense reaction product. Therefore, we recommend the TMB-ST method combined with DAB-Co for HRP electron microscopy. 相似文献
74.
75.
A case of adrenal hemangioma is reported, displayed by computed tomography and confirmed by pathologic investigation. This rare tumor poses a difficult diagnostic challenge and rejoins the problem of incidentally discovered adrenal masses. 相似文献
76.
从蝮蛇毒中提取磷酸二酯酶,用此酶免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞Fo融合,以间接ELISA检测杂交瘤细胞培养上清液和小鼠腹水中的特异性抗体,其效价分别为1∶128和1∶51 200.抗原阻断试验结果表明,此抗体对蛇毒磷酸二酯酶具有特异性.该杂交瘤细胞株定为G_8,该株单抗属鼠IgG_(2a)亚型,经体外持续培养6个月,其分泌抗体性能稳定. 相似文献
77.
X Sala-Barangé R Vilana C Ribas M Marquez X Iglesias Gu?u 《Journal de radiologie》1988,69(8-9):539-541
The authors explain the clinical case of a female patient suffering from secondary sterility; she was submitted, among other test, to the H.S.G. in order to study the possibility of a among other tests, to the H.S.G. in order to study the possibility of a cervical failure. The radiological findings obtained of Morgagni's Hydatis, not described previously in literature and their laparoscopic confirmation justify, we believe, its publication. 相似文献
78.
报道我院1958~1992年期间的 Ebstein 畸形82例。平片表现可归纳为球型、方型和不典型4种心脏形态。介绍该畸形的心血管造影方法,所见征象和相应的病理基础。主要造影征象有:1.心脏膈面双切迹征;2.帆样征:3.房化心室:4.三尖瓣闭锁不全。本文结合文献对本病病理,X 线表现进行了系统的讨论,并着重突出了我们的观点。 相似文献
79.
80.
两种根管弯曲度测量法间数学关系的推导 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
目的:研究2种根管弯曲度测量法测值(Schneider法的测值为θS,Weine法的测值为θW)间的数学关系。方法:将弯曲根管长轴简化为依次由相切的线段(长度为l1)、圆弧(半径为r、圆心角为θ)、线段(长度为l2)组成的连线,根据2测量法确定简化弯曲根管长轴测量角时不同的定点、连线方式,推导θS、θW间的函数方程以及与l1、l2、r、θ间的数学关系,分析方程与函数图形的特征。结果:θS与θW间存在以下数学关系:(1)tanθS=(1-cosθW ksinθW)/(sinθW kcosθW),k=l2/r;(2)θW/2≤θS≤θW。k取不同值时函数曲线的形态具有不同的特点。θW在0,π的区间内,θS与θW间呈近似的线性关系;k越大,θS越接近θW,k越小,θS越接近θW/2。结论:Schneider法与Weine法测值间存在着复杂的函数关系,根管根尖部直段的长度(l2)与弯曲段曲率半径(r)之比值是影响2种方法测值间差异的重要因素。 相似文献