Molecular analysis of relapse in chronic myeloid leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Four patients with Philadelphia (Ph') positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were studied before, after, and on relapse following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Southern analysis of DNA from cells collected before and at relapse after BMT was performed in order to investigate the origin of the leukemia at relapse. Using minisatellite probes we showed that the relapse occurred in cells of host origin in all four patients and this was confirmed with a Y chromosome specific probe in two male patients who had a female donor. Furthermore, using two probes for the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) on chromosome 22, we showed that leukemic cells at relapse bore identical rearrangements to those in the disease at time of presentation of each patient. We conclude that relapse in all four patients is due to re-emergence of the original leukemic clone.     

Acetonitrile based single step slot-die compatible perovskite ink for flexible photovoltaics

The demonstration of photovoltaic devices with high power conversion efficiencies using low cost perovskite materials hints at the possibility of dramatically lowering the cost of solar energy. Key to further exploiting the potential of these materials is developing rapid processing techniques that can be used to deliver lower cost high throughput manufacture. This work details the development of low viscosity rapid drying perovskite formulations designed to give high quality solar films when slot-die coated on flexible roll-to-roll compatible substrates. A single step slot-die compatible perovskite ink based on an acetonitrile/methylamine solvent system utilizing a chloride additive is developed, resulting in large area perovskite films from slot-die coating under ambient conditions. The drying conditions for the perovskite film are optimized and fast (<10 min), low temperature (<120 °C) drying of slot-die coated films on flexible substrates are demonstrated and result in high performance devices.

Low viscosity rapid drying perovskite formulations designed to give high quality solar films when slot-die coated on flexible roll-to-roll compatible substrates are developed .     

When to start and stop anticonvulsant therapy in children.

A large body of evidence has accrued in recent years, allowing a more precise estimate of the risk of seizure recurrence for children with new-onset seizures and for children who stop therapy once they are seizure-free. The primary goal for children with epilepsy is not solely freedom from seizures, but an optimal quality of life. Unless the physician can predict a recurrence risk at the extremes (0% or 100%), the nonmedical factors that affect quality of life will usually dominate the family's decision making. Together, the physician and family should weigh the risks and benefits of treatment against the risks and benefits of withholding or stopping therapy. Antiepileptic drug treatment should be withheld from most children until they have had a second seizure. Most children who receive antiepileptic drug treatment should attempt to taper their medications after 2 years without seizures.