镇肝熄风胶囊抗血栓生成作用的实验研究

目的:本文通过初步实验揭示镇肝熄风胶囊的抗凝血、降血脂,进而影响血栓形成的作用,为其用于中风病人的治疗奠定理论基础。方法:采用大鼠 PT、TT 试验。结果:通过大鼠 TP、TT 试验证实镇肝熄风胶囊0.42g/kg 有明显抗凝血作用(P<0.01)。结论:家兔血浆总蛋白,CHOL,TG 试验,镇肝熄风胶囊0.18g/kg,具有降低血浆总蛋白作用(P<0.05);具有明显降低血浆 cHol.TG 作用(P<0.01)。     

Hepatitis E seroprevalence in selected individuals in South Africa

Antibodies to the hepatitis E virus (HEV) were detected by an enzyme immunoassay using synthetic HEV peptides. Positive anti-HEV results were confirmed by a neutralization assay and Western blot analysis. Anti-HEV was detected in 10 of 555 canoeists (1.8%) with regular exposure to sewage-polluted water and in 6 of 227 (2.6%) medical students with minimal exposure. The overall prevalence of 16 per 782 individuals (2.05%) suggests that HEV may be endemic in South Africa. This is confirmed by indications of infection earlier than the third decade of life, and by individuals with anti-HEV who had rarely or never been out of the country. The prevalence data suggest that regular exposure to sewage-polluted water was not a particular risk factor. None of the individuals with anti-HEV had a history of clinical hepatitis E, suggesting sporadic low level subclinical cases of infection. This is in agreement with the absence of reports on clinical cases or outbreaks of hepatitis E in South Africa. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Short-term outcomes of skull fracture: a population-based study of survival and neurologic complications

All Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents who experienced brain injury from 1935 through 1979 were identified and their medical records reviewed for survival and neurologic outcome. Minimum inclusion criteria included loss of consciousness or post-traumatic amnesia or neurologic evidence of brain injury or skull fracture. Of 4,660 cases identified, skull fractures were observed in 28%. Over half of brain-injured patients who died did so within 24 hours of trauma; among 1-day survivors, subsequent survival was moderately impaired, especially in older individuals. Mortality was lowest in subjects without a skull fracture and increased with fracture severity. Associated neurologic injuries, complications, and deficits were generally more common in patients with skull fracture than those without and were much more frequent with more severe skull fractures. The types of neurologic deficits differed little between those with and without fractures, except that subjects with complicated skull fractures had higher proportions of special sensory deficits and multiple deficits.     

The effects of Hespan on serum and lymphatic albumin, globulin, and coagulant protein.

The effects of hydroxyethyl starch (Hespan) resuscitation on serum and lymphatic proteins following hemorrhagic shock were studied in 34 splenectomized dogs. Following shock, five randomly assigned treatment groups received the shed blood plus 50 mL/kg of salt solution (RL) or RL with varying concentrations (0.22-1.5 gm/kg) of Hespan. Each dog received 50 ml/kg/d of the test solution for three days after shock. Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, and coagulant protein activity of fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factor VIII were measured before shock, at the end of shock, following resuscitation, and on day 3; thoracic duct lymph values were obtained on day 3. Hespan-supplemented resuscitation lowered all serum proteins including albumin, globulin and coagulant proteins; concomitantly, the lymph protein rose after Hespan resuscitation. This decrease in serum proteins and rise in lymph proteins parallels similar results after albumin resuscitation in man and animals and suggests that Hespan induces an oncotically controlled extravascular protein relocation. Further studies on the significance of these findings need to be conducted.     

Methods of chorion sampling for prenatal diagnosis in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Report of experiences

Report on first experiences in chorionic villi sampling in the first trimester of 131 pregnancies. Chorion biopsy was performed just before termination of pregnancy in the 9th-11th week of gestation. Of 3 tested biopsy methods we found the biopsy with a flexible forceps under guidance of real-time ultrasound to be the best.     

Chronic diarrhoea as a dominating symptom in two children with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

The objective of this study was to describe diarrhoea as a dominating symptom of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), a lipid storage disease, and investigate its cause. Two children with chronic diarrhoea as the dominating symptom of CTX are presented. Before and after therapy with orally administered chenodeoxycholic acid (15 mg kg⁻¹ 24 h, in three divided doses) bile alcohol excretion in urine, serum cholestanol level, serum bile acid patterns and faecal bile acids were measured. All routine gastro-intestinal investigations before therapy were normal. Diarrhoea ceased immediately after starting treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid. Abnormal bile alcohol excretion in urine decreased rapidly during the first days and elevated serum cholestanol level normalized in 2 years. We postulate the presence of bile alcohols in the lumen of the gut as most likely cause for diarrhoea in CTX, since the rapid decrease of bile alcohol excretion is associated with prompt cessation of diarrhoea after starting treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid.     

Effects of sterilization procedures on the cutting efficiency of stainless steel and carbon steel Gates Glidden drills

One-hundred fifty carbon steel Gates Glidden drills were compared with 150 stainless steel Gates Glidden drills before and after sterilization in an autoclave, salt beads, dry heat, or 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde. Cutting efficiency and separation rates of the drills were evaluated. Stainless steel #1 and 2 Gates Glidden drills resisted separation and maintained their cutting efficiency statistically better than the carbon steel #1 and 2 Gates Glidden drills after one sterilization cycle in an autoclave, salt bead sterilizer, or dry heat oven. Glutaraldehyde did not effect either type of drill.     

Effect of hemostatic agents in canine gastric serosal blood vessels

The efficacy of various sclerotherapeutic agents in the control of acute bleeding, via subserosal injection, was assessed in 10 dogs. Blood flow rate (BFR) from severed gastric serosal vessels (diameter, 1.6 to 2.2 mm) was measured for 3 min (ml/min) for a control group and the agent used. The agents tested were 5 ml of normal saline (NS), 5 ml of 3% hypertonic saline (HS), 5 ml of 1:10,000 epinephrine in NS, 5 ml of 1:10,000 epinephrine/HS, 5 ml of 1:20,000 epinephrine/HS, 2 ml of old thrombin "cocktail" (thrombin, cephapirin + 1% tetradecyl), and 2 ml of fresh thrombin cocktail (total seven). One agent was tested per dog; there were one to two dogs in each subgroup. All of the agents showed significant reduction in BFR (except old thrombin) when compared with BFR of control vessels. The reduction ranged from 30% to more than 75% after 1:10 epinephrine/HS. Complete hemostasis was achieved in up to 47% of vessels using 1:20 epinephrine/HS. Overall, the epinephrine solutions achieved the best results. No systemic effects were observed with the use of any of the agents. Histological studies showed that epinephrine caused mild tissue damage, whereas the cocktail caused significant tissue necrosis. This serosal vessel model permits comparison of the effectiveness of each agent; however, clinical extrapolation to mucosal vessels in a patient and the long-term histological changes are not known.     

Long-term survivors of childhood cancer: cure and care—the Erice Statement (2006) revised after 10 years (2016)

Purpose

The number of persons who have successfully completed treatment for a cancer diagnosed during childhood and who have entered adulthood is increasing over time, and former patients will become aging citizens.

Methods

Ten years ago, an expert panel met in Erice, Italy, to produce a set of principles concerning the cure and care of survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer. The result was the Erice Statement (Haupt et al. Eur J Cancer 43(12):1778–80, 2007) that was translated into nine languages. Ten years on, it was timely to review, and possibly revise, the Erice Statement in view of the changes in paediatric oncology and the number and results of international follow-up studies conducted during the intervening years.

Results

The long-term goal of the cure and care of a child with cancer is that he/she becomes a resilient and autonomous adult with optimal health-related quality of life, accepted in society at the same level as his/her age peers. “Cure” refers to cure from the original cancer, regardless of any potential for, or presence of, remaining disabilities or side effects of treatment. The care of a child with cancer should include complete and honest information for parents and the child.

Conclusions and implication for cancer survivors

Some members of the previous expert panel, as well as new invited experts, met again in Erice to review the Erice Statement, producing a revised version including update and integration of each of the ten points. In addition, a declaration has been prepared, by the Childhood Cancer International Survivors Network in Dublin on October 2016 (see Annex 1).