Rotavirus,astrovirus and adenovirus associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a South African child care centre.

An outbreak of gastroenteritis in the infant-toddler unit of a child care centre (CCC) in Pretoria, South Africa, was investigated for possible viral enteropathogens. Rotavirus was found in association with seven (70%) diarrhoeal episodes. Co-infection with rotavirus and human astrovirus (HAstV) was demonstrated in two of these episodes, and rotavirus, HAstV and enteric adenovirus (EAd) co-infection in another. Rotavirus occurred alone in four of the diarrhoeal episodes, while HAstV and EAd were each detected alone in one episode. Two HAstV and one rotavirus asymptomatic infection episodes also occurred. Overall, 8 of 10 children had rotavirus infections, of which 7 were symptomatic, 6 of 10 children had HAstV infections (4 symptomatic), and 2 of 10 children had EAd infection, both symptomatic. These results highlight the diversity of viral enteropathogens that may be associated with a diarrhoeal outbreak in a CCC and emphasize the need to investigate the possibility that multiple enteropathogens may simultaneously cause a single outbreak of diarrhoea.     

HPV 16型E6蛋白诱导PHK多倍体的形成与消除细胞纺锤体检查点无关水

目的:人乳头瘤病毒16型(human papillomavirus,HPV 16)与包括宫颈癌在内的多种肿瘤的发生明确相关.诱导宿主基因组不稳定性可能是HPV 16致瘤的重要机制之一.本研究对HPV 16型E6蛋白诱导人原代角质形成细胞(primary human keratinocytes,PHK)形成多倍体以及对PHK有丝分裂纺锤体检查点的影响进行初步的探索.方法:取正常人包皮组织,分离表皮,常规方法培养PHK.脂质体介导法将pBabe一16 E6质粒转染逆转录病毒包装细胞PA317,挑选G418抗性克隆,检测病毒滴度,将表达HPV 16型E6蛋白的高滴度逆转录病毒感染PHK.通过逆转录PCR法和免疫印迹法证实HPV 16 E6成功感染PHK.PHK经Nocodazole处理后,利用流式细胞仪分析多倍体形成,于不同时间点收集细胞、固定,进行抗磷酸化组蛋白染色,利用流式细胞仪分析细胞有丝分裂指数差异.结果:HPV 16型E6成功感染PHK,并呈功能性表达.HPV 16型E6可诱导PHK形成多倍体,表达E6蛋白的PHK和对照细胞以相似的动力学进入和退出有丝分裂.结论:HPV 16型E6对PHK有丝分裂过程中的纺锤体检查点无直接影响,鉴于有丝分裂后期检查点在细胞有丝分裂过程中较持久和严格的作用,本研究结果提示,对有丝分裂后期检查点的作用可能是HPV 16型E6蛋白诱导宿主细胞多倍体形成的重要机制.为进一步探讨HPV相关肿瘤的分子发生机制.奠定了一定基础.     

丹参酮对爪蟾卵母细胞外源清道夫受体-AⅠ基因表达的影响

 目的从基因调控水平探讨丹参酮对清道夫受体AⅠ(SR-AⅠ)基因表达的影响以及抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制。方法将人SR-AⅠ基因构建在其调控元件SRad-SRap的下游,并经显微核注射导入爪蟾卵母细胞,建立SRad-SRap元件调控的SR- AⅠ表达系统；氧化低密度脂蛋白(OXLDL)刺激培养牛主动脉平滑肌细胞,制备平滑肌细胞条件培养液(SCM)；分别用SCM和含有丹参酮的SCM培养注射后的卵母细胞,用荧光标记配体法和ABC-Elisa法定性、定量检测卵母细胞膜上SR-AⅠ的表达。结果丹参酮可以抑制卵母细胞膜SR-AⅠ表达,且有量效关系。结论OXLDL可通过诱导平滑肌细胞产生相关因子,经SRad-SRap调控途径的作用上调SR-AⅠ的表达；丹参酮可以阻止SR-AⅠ的过量表达,可能是治疗As的作用机制之一。     

中医不同证型乳腺增生患者血清蛋白质组的研究

目的：应用凝胶内差异显示电泳和质谱技术研究不同证型乳腺增生病患者血清蛋白质组。方法：收集正常人及不同证型乳腺增生病患者血清,去除高丰度蛋白质后分别用Cy3或Cy5标记,每一对Cy3和Cy5标记样品都与一个Cy2标记的内标等量混合,上样于同一胶中进行电泳分离,经不同光激发下扫描得到不同样品的蛋白质组图谱。所获得的图谱经DeCyder6.5软件进行分析,筛选表达量有显著差异的蛋白质进行质谱鉴定。结果：与正常人相比,在乳腺增生患者血清中抗凝血酶lii、富含亮氨酸的α-2糖蛋白、HCCR结合蛋白2、结合珠蛋白2和转甲状腺蛋白及其变异体表达量增加。而SP40,40、Ras association and pleckstrin homology domains 1 iso-form3表达量下降。在不同证型乳腺增生患者血清中,抗凝血酶lii和SP40,40在肝郁气滞型表达量最高,痰瘀互结型次之,而冲任失调型表达量少;HCCRBP2在痰瘀互结型中表达量最高,在肝郁气滞型中表达量最低;转甲状腺素蛋白变异体在肝郁气滞型、冲任失调型和痰瘀互结型中表达依次降低。结论：这些蛋白质可能与乳腺增生病不同证型相关,可以作为乳腺增生病临床中医辨证论治的候选客观指标。     

脂蛋白脂肪酶单克隆抗体的制备及特征分析

用牛奶纯化的脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL),一分子量为56KD,免疫Balb/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术,建立了30余株分泌抗朱LPL单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。对其中2E_5、2G_(10)、6D_7、8D_2、7F_4进行特征分析表明:①其抗体类别均为IgG,亚类分别为IgG_1、TgG_(2b)、IgG_(2b)、IgG_1、IgG_1;②抗体效价(细胞培养上清)5×10~(-2)——2×10~(-3);③5种单抗可认为识别三个不同的抗原表位;④Western—blot及Dot—blot结果显示各单抗均能识别纯化的LPL,与人奶均无交叉反应,与牛奶显示不同的结合特性。     

血清白细胞介素2检测在恶性腹水白细胞介素2治疗中的应用

目的 对恶性腹水患者血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)水平进行测定,了解血清IL-2水平与腹腔灌注IL-2治疗疗效之间的关系,以期获得判定恶性腹水IL-2治疗疗效的指标。方法 54例恶性非肝癌性腹水患者均接受IL-2腹腔灌注治疗,治疗前应用ELISA法检测血清IL-2水平,将IL-2测定值较高的27例患者分为A组,IL-2测定值较低的27例患者分为B组。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果 血清IL-2测定值较低组IL-2腹腔灌注治疗的有效率为77.8％(21/27),明显高于IL-2测定值较高组的51.9％(14/27,P<0.05)。结论 恶性腹水患者IL-2腹腔灌注治疗前血清IL-2水平高低与IL-2治疗的疗效明显相关,原有IL-2水平较低的患者IL-2腹腔灌注治疗的疗效较好。血清IL-2水平可作为判定IL-2腹腔灌注治疗疗效的指标。     

Posttraumatic stress,depression and anxiety among adult long-term survivors of cancer in adolescence

BackgroundTo determine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety in adults who have survived cancer (?5 years) diagnosed in adolescence, as compared to healthy controls.Patients and methodsSurvivors (n = 820) of cancer during adolescence (age M = 30.4 ± 6.0 years; M = 13.7 ± 6.0 years since diagnosis) and 1027 matched controls without history of cancer (age M = 31.5 ± 6.9 years) completed standardised questionnaires measuring posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety. Additionally, sub-groups of 202 survivors and 140 controls with elevated scores received structured interviews to ascertain DSM-IV-diagnoses.ResultsA total of 22.4% of the survivors reported clinically relevant symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and/or depression compared to 14.0% of the controls (odds ratios [ORs] 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39–2.26). The odds of posttraumatic stress symptoms in male (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.80–8.51) and female (OR 3.83, 95% CI 2.54–5.76) survivors were more than three times those in the controls. However, only female survivors reported symptoms of depression and anxiety significantly more often (respectively: OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.16–3.85; and OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.33–2.59) than the controls. A relevant subgroup of 24.3% of the survivors met DSM-IV criteria for at least one mental disorder compared to 15.3% of the controls.ConclusionSurvivors of cancer during adolescence show an elevated risk of presenting symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and/or depression during adulthood which is also reflected in a greater number of DSM-IV diagnoses when compared to controls. Comprehensive follow-up assessments should include the examination of possible psychological late effects of a cancer diagnosis in adolescence in order to identify survivors needing psychosocial interventions even years after the completion of successful medical treatment.     

Social outcomes of long‐term survivors of adolescent cancer

Objectives: The study investigates psychosexual and family outcomes among German long‐term survivors of adolescent cancer. Methods: Survivors of cancer during adolescence (n=820; age at onset of disease: M=15.8 years, SD=0.9, age at follow‐up: M=30.4, SD=6.0 years) completed questionnaires on their family life and their psychosexual and autonomy development. Outcomes were compared to an age‐matched sample (German Socio‐Economic Panel, G‐SOEP, n=820, age: M=30.4, SD=6.7 years) from the general population and to a control group of adults without cancer (n=1027, age: M=31.5, SD=7.0 years). Results: Compared to controls of the same sex, female survivors had achieved fewer developmental milestones in their psychosexual development such as having their first boyfriend, or reached these milestones later, and reported a significantly stronger desire for children. Male survivors were more likely to live with their parents when compared to same sex controls. Equivalent proportions of survivors and persons in the G‐SOEP were living in a long‐term relationship; however, survivors were less likely to have ever married or had children. At first marriage and at the birth of their first child, survivors were significantly older compared to the G‐SOEP. About 14.5% of survivors reported cancer‐related infertility. Conclusions: Survivors of adolescent cancer experience some social late effects of the disease in adulthood, such as a delayed social development as well as substantial differences in their family life and living conditions compared to healthy peers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.