生物序列比对算法与图形硬件加速研究

探索准确、高效、低成本、通用性并存的生物序列比对方法.将点阵图算法、启发式算法等各种序列比对算法中准确性最高的动态规划算法在计算机中实现,并通过流模型将其映射到图形硬件上,以实现算法加速;通过数据库比对搜索实例,进行比对时间和每秒百万次格点更新(MCUPS)性能值评测.结果表明,该加速算法在保证比对准确性的同时,能较大地提高比对速度.与目前最快的启发式算法相比,比对平均加速为18倍,最高加速可达28倍.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒基因组序列分析及其特性研究

目的 分析甲型H1N1流感病毒的基因组序列特征,阐明该毒株的遗传变异及分子特性.方法 GenBank中获取流感病毒全序列,对各段基因与已知序列进行分析比较,绘制进化树,并分析和预测甲型毒株的致病性、药物敏感性和现有疫苗的预防保护作用.结果 甲型H1N1病毒的HA、PB2、PB1、PA、NP、NS基因与美国本土的猪流感病毒序列具有高度同源性,NA和M基因具有典型的欧亚株系猪流感病毒特征.该病毒具有人传人的分子基础,HA上HA1和HA2裂解位点序列为PSIQSR↓+GLFGAI,尚不具备高致病性流感病毒的特征.病毒对金刚烷胺类药物耐药,而对达菲和扎那米韦敏感.HA片段5个抗原决定区氨基酸序列与人用流感疫苗具有较大差异,推测现有疫苗对预防本次疫情基本无效.结论 甲型H1N1是一种北美和欧亚两种猪流感病毒的混合体,开发针对本病毒的流感疫苗有助于进一步控制疫情蔓延.     

11种清热解毒类中草药的微量元素特征分析

运用主成分分析法对20种清热解毒类中草药中的11种微量元素进行分析,证实了微量元素含量与清热解毒类中草药疗效之间存在相关性。此研究为以后清热解毒类中草药的开发利用提供了科学的依据和理论基础。     

Temporal patterns of childhood cancer survival 1991 to 2016: A nationwide register-study based on data from the German Childhood Cancer Registry

Childhood cancer is the leading disease-related cause of death among under 15 year olds in Europe. Since primary preventive measures are lacking, improving survival probabilities and long-term well-being remain primary goals. With this report, we provide the first long-term assessment and interpretation of patterns in childhood cancer survival in Germany, covering a period of 30 years. Using data from the German Childhood Cancer Registry, we assessed temporal patterns of cancer survival among children (0-14 years) diagnosed in Germany from 1991 to 2016, by cancer type, age at diagnosis and sex. We calculated overall survival (OS) and average annual percentage changes of the respective 5-year OS estimates. OS improved across all cancer types, age groups as well as for boys and girls over time. Five-year OS for all childhood cancers combined increased from 77.8% in 1991-1995 to 86.5% in 2011-2016, with stronger improvements during the early 1990s. The most pronounced survival improvement was seen for acute myeloid leukaemia, at 2% annually and 5-year OS recently reaching 81.5%. Survival improvements for some diagnoses such as neuroblastoma, renal tumours and bone tumours have flattened out. Tremendous enhancements in diagnostics, treatment and supportive care have affected average survival improvements for most cancer types. Recently, survival improvements have decelerated overall and for some cancer types, it plateaued at an unsatisfactory level. As not all children benefited equally from the survival improvements, personal factors (eg, socioeconomic circumstances, health literacy, access to care) likely affect individual prognosis and warrant further investigation.     

绞股蓝总皂苷对HDL-CE诱导的HepG2细胞SR-B Ⅰ受体表达的影响

目的研究绞股蓝总皂苷(GPS)对HepG2细胞B型Ⅰ类清道夫受体(SR-BⅠ)表达的影响,分析绞股蓝总皂苷抗动脉粥样硬化的机制。方法体外培养人HepG2肝癌细胞,用不同浓度的GPS和HDL-CE与细胞共孵育24 h。通过油红O染色观察细胞内脂质堆积情况和酶比色法定量检测细胞内总胆固醇含量的变化,运用Real-time PCR、Western免疫印迹法分别检测绞股蓝总皂苷对细胞膜受体SR-BⅠmR-NA和蛋白的表达。结果 0～120 mg·L-1浓度的GPS对HepG2源性荷脂细胞增殖无影响,HDL-CE单独处理及HDL-CE和不同浓度GPS共孵育细胞处理后HepG2细胞中脂滴堆积增加,总胆固醇和胆固醇酯的含量明显增加,但后者SR-BⅠmRNA和SR-BⅠ蛋白的表达量却下调,并具有一定的量效关系。结论绞股蓝总皂苷对肝细胞具有保护作用,在高脂环境中,绞股蓝总皂苷能抑制肝细胞无限制的摄入脂质。     

姜黄素具有抑制血管生成与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡双重作用

目的　探讨姜黄素的抗肿瘤机制。方法　采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜模型观察姜黄素对血管生成的影响 ;利用培养的肿瘤细胞SMMC 772 1,采用电子显微镜及流式细胞仪观察姜黄素诱导SMMC 772 1细胞凋亡的作用。结果　姜黄素能明显抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜内的血管生成 ,2 0 μmol·L-1的姜黄素即可诱导SMMC 772 1细胞凋亡。结论　姜黄素的抗肿瘤机制是多方面的 ,既可抑制血管生成又可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡     

Air quality and exercise-related health benefits from reduced car travel in the midwestern United States

Background: Automobile exhaust contains precursors to ozone and fine particulate matter (PM ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter; PM_2.5), posing health risks. Dependency on car commuting also reduces physical fitness opportunities.Objective: In this study we sought to quantify benefits from reducing automobile usage for short urban and suburban trips.Methods: We simulated census-tract level changes in hourly pollutant concentrations from the elimination of automobile round trips ≤ 8 km in 11 metropolitan areas in the upper midwestern United States using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Next, we estimated annual changes in health outcomes and monetary costs expected from pollution changes using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Benefits Mapping Analysis Program (BenMAP). In addition, we used the World Health Organization Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) to calculate benefits of increased physical activity if 50% of short trips were made by bicycle.Results: We estimate that, by eliminating these short automobile trips, annual average urban PM_2.5 would decline by 0.1 µg/m³ and that summer ozone (O₃) would increase slightly in cities but decline regionally, resulting in net health bene-fits of $4.94 billion/year [95% confidence interval (CI): $0.2 billion, $13.5 billion), with 25% of PM_2.5 and most O₃ bene-fits to populations outside metropolitan areas. Across the study region of approximately 31.3 million people and 37,000 total square miles, mortality would decline by approximately 1,295 deaths/year (95% CI: 912, 1,636) because of improved air quality and increased exercise. Making 50% of short trips by bicycle would yield savings of approximately $3.8 billion/year from avoided mortality and reduced health care costs (95% CI: $2.7 billion, $5.0 billion]. We estimate that the combined benefits of improved air quality and physical fitness would exceed $8 billion/year.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that significant health and economic benefits are possible if bicycling replaces short car trips. Less dependence on automobiles in urban areas would also improve health in downwind rural settings.     

SELECTIVE ENDOSCOPY IN MANAGEMENT OF INGESTED FOREIGN BODIES OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: IS IT SAFE?

During a four-year period, 308 patients presented following ingestion of foreign bodies. Ingestion was accidental in 272 cases (88.3%) and deliberate in the remainder. Symptoms at presentation included dysphagia, odynophagia, nausea and vomiting, chest pain and pharyngeal discomfort. Sixty-eight patients were asymptomatic. A policy of expectant management and selective endoscopy was employed. Following initial assessment 202 patients (65.6%) were discharged without treatment, 30 (9.7%) of whom were later reviewed as outpatients and did not require admission. Forty-nine patients (16%) were admitted for treatment; 27 had oesophagoscopy, five bronchoscopy and two had foreign body extraction with direct laryngoscopy. In nine patients who were endoscoped, no foreign body was identified. Twenty-seven others were referred to the otorhinolaryngology service in another hospital. There were no deaths in the group and morbidity was 1.2%. We conclude that a policy of selective endoscopy is safe and effective in the management of patients following ingestion of foreign bodies.     

携带肠道病毒71型中和线性表位重组流感病毒的构建

目的 获得能够携带肠道病毒71型(EV71)中和线性表位的重组流感病毒.方法 通过PCR方法,在流感病毒HA基因中插入EV71中和线性表位序列,获得重组质粒;进行反向遗传学操作,构建重组流感病毒.结果 获得了2个重组质粒pPolⅠ/Ⅱ/WSN-HA-SP55和pPolⅠ/Ⅱ/WSN- HA-SP70,并构建了能够分别携带EV71中和线性表位SP55和SP70的2株重组流感病毒,重组病毒3次传代血凝效价都保持在27和25HAU,具有较好的稳定性.结论 通过反向遗传学操作,构建出携带EV71中和线性表位的重组流感病毒,为研制预防手足口病重组流感病毒载体疫苗奠定基础.