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71.
In this study, we have reported selective synthesis of bismuth molybdate (γ-Bi2M2O6) nanoparticles (NPs) under different pH conditions for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) and antimicrobial activities. The synthesis of pure phase γ-Bi2M2O6 at pH = 3 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis. A single hexagonal morphology was obtained at pH = 3 which shows the formation of the pure phase γ-Bi2M2O6 NPs. The mixed morphologies (hexagonal and spherical) were observed at different pH values other than pH = 3. The bandgap energy of all the synthesized Bi2M2O6 NPs is found in the visible region (2.48–2.59 eV). The photocatalytic activity of bismuth molybdate (BM) NPs was examined by the degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. Results show that 95.44% degradation efficiency was achieved by pure γ-Bi2M2O6 NPs compared to mixed phases (γ-Bi2M2O6, α-Bi2M2O6 and β-Bi2M2O6) synthesized at pH = 1.5 and 5. Moreover, the degradation efficiency of γ-Bi2M2O6 was enhanced to 98.89% by the addition of H2O2. The effective catalytic activity of γ-Bi2M2O6 was observed during the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP by NaBH4. Potential antibacterial and antifungal activity of γ-Bi2M2O6 was observed, which gives a basis for further study in the development of antibiotics.In this study, we have reported selective synthesis of γ-Bi2M2O6 NPs under different pH conditions for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) and antimicrobial activities. 相似文献
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Ahmed Iqbal Bhigjee Rivashnee Padayachee Hoosain Paruk Kumari Devi Hallwirth-Pillay Suzaan Marais Cathy Connoly 《International journal of infectious diseases》2007,11(4):348-354
BACKGROUND: Confirming the clinical suspicion of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has always been problematic. Whilst smear and culture positivity are diagnostic, these tests have low sensitivity. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has given variable results. AIM: This study attempted to improve the diagnostic yield by: (a) increasing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes; (b) testing the yield from three specimens of CSF assumed to represent lumbar, cervico-thoracic cord, and base of brain CSF samples; (c) undertaking PCR assays using multiple primer sets; and (d) using real-time PCR. METHOD: Patients suspected of having cranial or spinal meningeal tuberculosis were entered into the study. Three aliquots of CSF were subjected to smear, culture, and conventional and real-time PCR. Three sets of primers - IS6110, MPB64, and PT8/9 - were used. Patients were retrospectively classified into four categories: 'definite TB' (culture positive), 'probable TB' (clinical and other tests suggestive of TB), 'not TB', and 'uncertain diagnosis'. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were studied. There were 20 patients classified as definite TB, 24 probable TB, 17 not TB, and seven uncertain diagnosis. Forty-eight of 57 (84.2%) patients tested were HIV seropositive. The IS6110 PCR was positive in 27 patients which included 18/20 culture positive cases, six in the probable TB group, and three in the not TB group. The MPB64 and PT8/9 primers did not increase the yield. Real-time PCR was positive in seven additional patients. Combining the definite and probable TB, the sensitivity of all PCR assays was 70.5% (31/44) and specificity 87.5% (21/24). CONCLUSION: Targeting multiple sites of the TB genome using conventional PCR did not increase the number of positive cases. Real-time PCR was more sensitive. However, all the current techniques are still too insensitive to confidently exclude the diagnosis on laboratory grounds. 相似文献
74.
Arpana A. Devi BDS PGDip Paul V. Abbott BDS MDS FRACDS 《Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc》2015,41(3):111-116
This paper seeks to provide the reader with an overview of the endodontic curriculum in Fiji from 2009 to 2013. It also intends to inform readers of the changes in endodontic teaching, the learning methods utilised, curriculum development, the transition from block teaching to partial block teaching combined with longitudinal teaching, and the future plans for the endodontic module. 相似文献
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Sushma Bhatnagar Saraswathi Devi NK Vinod PN Jain G Durgaprasad Sanjaykumar H Maroo Ketan R Patel 《Indian Journal of Palliative Care》2014,20(3):182-187
Aim:
To compare the efficacy and safety of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) and oral morphine in Indian patients with breakthrough episodes of cancer pain.Materials and Methods:
In this randomized, open label, active controlled, clinical study, total 186 patients who regularly experienced 1-4 episodes of breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) daily, over the persistent pain controlled by taking oral morphine 60 mg/day or its equivalent were randomized to receive either OTFC 200 mcg or oral morphine 10 mg for the treatment of BTCP for 3 days. Improvement in pain as determined by numerical rating scale (NRS) at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes of drug administration and percentage of BTCP episodes showing reduction in pain intensity by >33% at 15 minutes were primary efficacy endpoints. Secondary efficacy endpoints were requirement for rescue analgesia and global assessment by physician and patient. Data of both treatment groups were analysed by appropriate statistical test using software, STATISTICA, version 11.Results:
Patients treated with OTFC experienced significantly greater improvement in pain intensity of breakthrough episodes compared to those treated with oral morphine at all assessment time points (P < 0.0001). 56% of breakthrough pain episodes treated with OTFC showed a greater than 33% reduction in pain intensity from baseline at 15 minutes compared to 39% episodes treated with oral morphine (P < 0.0001). Patient''s and physician''s global assessment favoured OTFC than oral morphine (P < 0.0001). Requirement of rescue analgesia in both the study groups was similar (P > 0.05). Both study drugs were well tolerated.Conclusions:
OTFC was found to provide faster onset of analgesic effect than immediate release oral morphine in management of breakthrough cancer pain. 相似文献76.
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For patients undergoing radical head and neck surgery, the deformity or physical defect adds to the agony. Rehabilitation of patients with such deformities is a challenge for the maxillofacial prosthodontist to enhance the esthetics and give psychological strength to the patient. This clinical report describes the rehabilitation, using a silicone prosthesis, of a large facial and orbital defect due to mucoepidermoid carcinoma. 相似文献